Nyíregyháza

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Nyíregyháza
Nyíregyháza coat of arms
Nyíregyháza (Hungary)
Nyíregyháza
Nyíregyháza
Basic data
State : Hungary
Region : Northern Great Plain
County : Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg
Small area until December 31, 2012 : Nyíregyháza
District since 1.1.2013 : Nyíregyháza
Coordinates : 47 ° 57 '  N , 21 ° 43'  E Coordinates: 47 ° 57 '19 "  N , 21 ° 42' 58"  E
Area : 274.46  km²
Residents : 117,852 (Jan. 1, 2011)
Population density : 429 inhabitants per km²
Telephone code : (+36) 42
Postal code : 4400
KSH kódja: 17206
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Community type : city
Mayor : Ferenc Kovács (Fidesz-KDNP)
Postal address : Kossuth tér 1
4400 Nyíregyháza
Website :
(Source: A Magyar Köztársaság helységnévkönyve 2011. január 1st at Központi statisztikai hivatal )
City center

Nyíregyháza (  [ ɲiːrɛɟhaːzɒ ] ; German Birch churches , Romanian Mestecăneşti ) is the seat of county Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg in northeastern Hungary . The city ​​with county law has around 120,000 inhabitants, making it the seventh largest city ​​in the country. In Nyíregyháza there is a Roman Catholic and an Evangelical Reformed church, as well as a Greek Catholic college (established in 1909). The city has long been the largest Hungarian city without a university. The Nyíregyháza University has been operating as the Nyíregyháza University since January 1, 2016. Please click to listen!Play 

Geographical location

Nyíregyháza is not far from the Slovak, Romanian and Ukrainian borders. Nearby is the Sathmar region , which was formerly inhabited by many Germans .

Buildings

The oldest transmission tower in Hungary is located in Nyíregyháza. It was built in 1925 and is 119 m high.

Attractions

  • Church buildings (Lutheran, Greek Catholic, Roman Catholic, Reformed, former Orthodox synagogue )
    • Evangelical Martin Luther Church. Emperor Joseph II (HRR) (1741–1790), and since the death of his mother Maria Theresa in 1780, also King of Bohemia , Croatia and Hungary , broke the monopoly of the Catholic Church with his patent of tolerance . Protestants and Jews were allowed to practice their faith. According to the plans of Giuseppe Aprilis, the late baroque Protestant church was built on what would later become Lutherplatz in 1784–86. The original exterior facade and the exterior of the church were to be designed in an unadorned manner in accordance with the instructions of Emperor Joseph II. Approx. 100 years later, the exterior facade was structured during the renovation. In 1885-86, the side walls were given a rhythm with strong pillars and the windows were decorated with neo-baroque and neo-Renaissance decorations. In 1928 a carillon consisting of 12 bells was installed above the main entrance. The design of the interior of this Protestant church was not subject to any restrictions and was imposing in the Josephine style. The walls were painted with plaster- style stucco . The main altar comes from the Greek Catholic basilica of Máriapócs (Hungary). The baroque altar building, which bends into the Rococo, is richly carved. The baroque building, now known as Martin Luther Church, became an important stage in the musical life of Nyíregyháza. Orchestra, choir and organ concerts are held here all year round. On the eastern rear, above the gate of the sacristy, there is still a Latin inscription in memory of Emperor Joseph II, who made the building of the church possible through his edict of tolerance.
    • Hungarian Greek Catholic Church of Nyíregyháza. It was built in Byzantine style until 1909 during the Art Nouveau era. The foundation stone was laid 14 years earlier in 1895. Constant financial difficulties delayed the completion of the church building with its distinctive twin towers. Inside the church, consecrated to Saint Nicholas, the ornate iconostasis is astonishing. In 1945 the building suffered heavy bomb hits, which were then repaired with government support. Even today it houses a rich collection of liturgical vestments and vessels.
    • Roman Catholic Cathedral of Nyíregyháza in neo-Romanesque style . 43.6 m high two-tower, three-aisled church building made of red brick; Main nave 50.3 m wide and 13.7 m high. The building is dedicated to Our Lady of Hungary.
  • Monument to Lajos Kossuth de Kossuth et Udvard (1802–1894), lawyer, politician and one of the leaders of the Hungarian uprising against Austria in 1848/49. He is still considered a Hungarian national hero today. Location in the middle of Kossuth tér (Kossuth-Platz), made by Gyula Bethlen. On the back of the monument, a bird is depicted sitting on a broken cannon barrel, underneath the date: 1848.  
  • The town hall built in 1892 on today's Kossuth-Platz in the style of eclecticism with its grand ballroom and representative balcony. The roof facade of the building is decorated with two representations of the Justizia, which point to the former historical function of the house as a place of jurisdiction.
  • House of the county seat in Nyíregyháza in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county (administrative district) in north-east Hungary. It shares borders with Romania and Ukraine, as well as Hajdú-Bihar and Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén counties. From here an area of ​​5,936 km² and (2001) 586,158 inhabitants is administered. It was built in 1891-1893 according to plans by Ignác Alpár
  • Jósa András Museum, exhibitions on Nyíregyháza's city history, detailed exhibition from the Stone Age and the migration of the peoples in the region, as well as art, literature and the history of money. The owner and namesake is the wealthy Hungarian archaeologist, anthropologist and doctor Jósa András (1834–1918).
  • Zsigmond Móricz Theater in Nyíregyháza, Hungary; The namesake is the Hungarian writer Móricz Zsigmond (1879–1942).
  • Sparpalast. Historic bank building. Erected in 1912 in the style of eclecticism by József Hubert in Nyíregyháza. The listed, three-sided, two-story building with a mansard roof was richly decorated like a palace. The client was a savings and credit company. Hence the historical name "Sparpalast". A bank branch is still operated today in this building, near the city's historic town hall, along with other shops.
  • Historic building of the Szabolcs Takarék bank in the architectural style of eclecticism with a remarkable counter hall with correspondingly contemporary stained glass
  • The so-called Nyírvíz Palace in the architectural style of eclecticism is a corner building with a remarkable roof design that shapes the cityscape. The palace was built in 1910–1912 according to plans by Gyula Papp and Ferenc Szabolcs. On the facade facing Széchenyi Street, two mosaic pictures symbolizing primary professions can be seen: one symbolizes fishing and hunting, the other agriculture.
  • Open air museum in the outskirts of Sóstó, with its buildings and events, is intended to give an impression of life in the countryside in the past.
  • Sóstó Zoo , founded in 1998, has more than 5000 animals in 500 species
  • Fountain system with three bronze graces on Kossuth Square in Nyíregyháza by the Hungarian artist Tibor Borbás (1942–1995). He died in a car accident at the age of 53.
  • Memorial to the First World War. The dominant group of figures is in the park in front of the county building. It was created in 1928 by Zsigmond Kisfaludi Strobl (1884–1975), a well-known Hungarian sculptor. He chose a hero fighting a dragon as the main character, while his two subgroups are supposed to symbolize the beginning of the fight and the end. He created a similar work with the dragon slayer motif for Gellért Hill in Budapest, below the Statue of Liberty.
  • Pro Pátria Mortui. Memorial to the 12,000 Nyíregyháza victims of World War II, erected in 1991
  • Bronze statue "The Hungarian Hussar" in honor of the hussar regiment that has lived in the city since 1869–1944.
  • Memorial plaque in Nyíregyháza (Hungary) to Count János Esterházy (1901–1957), member of the Esterházy family , politician of the Hungarian minority in Czechoslovakia and the First Slovak Republic.

  • Roman Catholic Cathedral of Nyíregyháza

  • Nyíregyháza Calvinist Church, built in 1872

  • historic town hall of the city from 1892 in the style of eclecticism

  • House of the county seat in Nyíregyháza, built 1891–93

  • Jósa András Museum

  • Zsigmond Móricz Theater in Nyíregyháza

  • So-called Sparpalast, bank building from 1912

  • Szabolcs Takarék bank building

  • IHK Chamber of Commerce and Industry in Nyíregyháza

  • Zrínyi Ilona High School in Nyíregyháza

  • Fountain with the Three Graces by Tibor Borbás (1942–1995)

  • Memorial to the 12,000 Nyíregyháza victims of World War II

  • Bronze statue “The Hungarian Hussar” in honor of the hussar regiment that has lived in the city since 1869–1940.

  • Memorial plaque to Count János Esterházy (1901–1957), member of the Esterházy family

Ghetto 1944

In Nyíregyháza, 4993 Jews were counted in a census in January 1941. After the German occupation of Hungary in March 1944, these and other Jews from Szabolcs County were imprisoned in several ghettos in and around the city. Around 17,000 Jews were deported to Auschwitz concentration camp in May 1944 on several rail transports .

Transport links

The M 3 motorway from Budapest leads directly to Nyíregyháza (M 36). There are intercity and express train connections to Budapest, Miskolc and the like. a.

economy

  • In 2012 the ContiTech company began producing rubber and manufacturing air springs
  • In 2014, the Lego company opened a factory with 1500 workers
  • MCE Nyíregyháza kft HUNGARY, steel construction, subsidiary of Bilfinger SE

sons and daughters of the town

Town twinning

Nyíregyháza lists the following nine twin cities :

literature

  • Nyíregyháza , in: Guy Miron (Ed.): The Yad Vashem encyclopedia of the ghettos during the Holocaust . Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2009 ISBN 978-965-308-345-5 , pp. 537f.

Web links

Commons : Nyíregyháza  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The Martin Luther Church, builder Giuseppe Aprilis, built 1784–1786
  2. ↑ The Martin Luther Church of Nyíregyháza
  3. ↑ Pictures of the Evangelical Martin Luther Church in Nyíregyháza
  4. ^ Jósa András Museum in Nyíregyháza
  5. ↑ The so-called Nyírvíz-Palais (corner building) in the architectural style of eclecticism from 1910–1912
  6. ^ Fountain system with three graces (bronze figures) on Kossuth Square in Nyíregyháza by the Hungarian artist Tibor Borbás (1942–1995)
  7. ↑ Homage to the sculptor Tibor Borbás (1942–1995), who died in a car accident at the age of 53. He was u. a. the creator of the fountain of the Three Graces on Kossuth Square in Nyíregyháza
  8. ↑ The Dragon Slayer. Group of motifs as a memorial for the First World War by Zsigmond Kisfaludi Strobl (1884–1975)
  9. ↑ ContiTech rubber and air spring production
  10. ↑ Roar Rude Trangbæk: New LEGO Factory opens in Nyíregyháza: A pioneering greenfield investment, put together in just one year. March 25, 2014, accessed September 9, 2014 .
  11. ↑ Nyíregyháza kft HUNGARY, steel construction, subsidiary of Bilfinger SE
  12. ↑ Városháza "Testvérvárosok. Nyíregyháza city, accessed January 14, 2017 .