Porcelain Manufactory Nymphenburg

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Königliche Porzellan Manufaktur Nymphenburg GmbH & Co. KG

logo
legal form GmbH & Co. KG
founding 1747
Seat Munich
management Thomas is different
Branch porcelain
Website www.nymphenburg.com

The Porzellanmanufaktur Nymphenburg (today's spelling: Porzellan Manufaktur Nymphenburg ) was founded in 1747 and produces high-quality porcelain .

history

Northern castle roundabout. Main building of the Porzellanmanufaktur Nymphenburg since 1761

Elector Maximilian III. After taking office in 1745, Joseph promoted the establishment of manufactories in order to reorganize the state finances. From 1747, the year Maria Anna von Sachsen married , they tried their hand at porcelain production and at the end of the year Neudeck Castle in Munich's Au was made available. With the support of the elector, the Munich master potter Johann Niedermayer finally succeeded in making a porcelain figure. On November 3rd, 1754, Franz Anton Bustelli was hired as a figurist, around the time when porcelain production was finally mastered. In 1755 the manufactory received its first court order and in 1756 it was possible for the first time to paint the porcelain in color.

Love group “The Stormy Galan” by Franz Anton Bustelli , around 1756
The sculptor Dominikus Auliczek succeeded Franz Anton Bustelli in 1763

With the lawyer and entrepreneur Sigmund Graf von Haimhausen , the Nymphenburg porcelain manufactory began to be entrepreneurial from 1758 and in 1761 it was relocated to the building designed by Joseph Effner on the northern roundabout in front of Nymphenburg Palace , where the manufacture is still located today. The Nymphenburg-Biedersteiner Canal , which runs through the premises of the manufactory, has been driving the mechanical devices in the rear buildings, most of which date back to this day, since then.

Bustelli was followed by other great porcelain artists such as Dominik Auliczek the Elder and Johann Peter Melchior . As a basis for further research, more than 600 porcelain artists and workers from all periods up to after 1945 have been recorded by name. In 1765, 187 people worked in Nymphenburg: production reached its highest level. Ludwig I was a major sponsor of the manufactory and placed many orders. Dinner services with copies of famous paintings or with Bavarian landscapes in an antique style were particularly popular. In 1810 Anton Auer was commissioned to transfer paintings from the royal picture gallery to a service. His successor as chief painter was Christian Matthias Adler in 1815 ; Auer's son Maximilian Joseph Auer also worked as a porcelain painter. In 1822 Friedrich von Gärtner was appointed artistic director of the manufactory.

Decline

In the middle of the 19th century the economic situation of the manufacture deteriorated noticeably, so that in 1856 the artistic production was completely stopped and it was decided to privatize the manufacture. On February 22nd, 1862, the Nymphenburg Porcelain Manufactory was leased to Ferdinand Scotzniovsky and Karl Arendts , after having worked at a loss for many years. The focus shifted to products for the technical, medical and sanitary sectors. The range of goods for fine tableware was retained in order to be able to carry out reorders. A new sales market was opened up with the supply of sturdy hotel porcelain to the monasteries that were re-established under Ludwig I. Hospitals, inns, hotels and military units also ordered these goods. Since the late 1870s, the demand for beer mug lids and pipe bowls has increased. A fashion almost forgotten today was the attachment of porcelain medallions to gravestones in the 19th century. The manufactory supplied the entire German-speaking area with its wide range. From October 1887 Scotzniovsky continued to run the manufacture alone.

Second heyday

Plate with design: Adiantum capillus-veneris , Max Rossbach & Hermann Gradl d. Ä., 1900–1902, Bröhan Museum , Berlin

In 1888 Albert Bäuml , a merchant from Theusing near Karlsbad , leased the manufactory with the intention of reviving the porcelain art of the 18th century. Specialized professionals had to be hired for this purpose. The right composition of a delicate, flawless raw mixture had to be found as well as an exclusive color palette. It was also Bäuml who “rediscovered” Bustelli. The search for and purchase of old porcelain from the Nymphenburg production was a prerequisite for the reconstruction of the individual models. Some figures could only be bought up after decades: The Four Seasons by Dominik Auliczek in 1909, the Troubled Sleeper by Franz Anton Bustelli only in 1911.

It is to Albert Bäuml's merit that he countered the popular taste of the late 19th century, which tended to be too pompous, with the simple nobility of the 18th century.

Art Nouveau and Art Deco

Serval , ca.1910. Hallwylsches Museum, Stockholm.

Outstanding contemporary artists were recruited in order not to produce exclusively from old models. At the turn of the 20th century, this goal was achieved and, in addition to historical copies, elegant Art Nouveau tableware was developed. In 1906 the sculptor Joseph Wackerle became the artistic director of the manufactory.

In cooperation with architects and decoration artists, objects for facade decoration and for the interior decoration of buildings were designed in the manufactory. Most of them were destroyed by the Second World War. At the former Palais Arco-Zinneberg , at the corner of Theatiner- and Maffeistraße, there are still colored majolica reliefs based on a design by Joseph Wackerle from 1909. Frost-hard majolica products for outdoor use, such as B. for the pergola of the Munich exhibition park, the ornamental courtyard of the botanical garden in Munich or the main entrance of the Munich zoo followed on from the garden sculptures of the 18th century and expanded the range.

Like Willy Zügel, Theodor Kärner created important animal sculptures. From 1932 onwards, Wolfgang von Wersin designed the Adonis, Helios and Lotos table service shapes.

After Albert Bäuml's death in 1929, his three sons Fritz Bäuml (1887–1969), Alfred Bäuml (1892–1971) and Kurt Bäuml (1899–1979) took over the management of the manufacture. After the death of his two brothers, Kurt Bäuml continued to run the company on his own.

time of the nationalsocialism

Paul Ludwig Troost was Adolf Hitler's preferred architect until his death in 1934 . Of considerable economic importance for the manufactory were his orders, for which he selected existing models and designed the decoration. The first class of ocean liner of North German Lloyd was equipped with porcelain from Nymphenburg. In 1929 Troost had rebuilt the inner-city sales rooms of the Nymphenburg porcelain factory on Odeonsplatz. His wife, the interior designer Gerdy Troost , continued his studio after his death. She was instrumental in furnishing the interior of Adolf Hitler's residences. From 1934 to 1937 she commissioned extensive service orders for the various residences of Hitler, such as the Berghof on Obersalzberg. The dishes for the dining car in the special Führer train , for the New Reich Chancellery and for the Führerbau in Munich also came from Nymphenburg . Other great Nazi leaders such as Gauleiter Adolf Wagner also purchased goods from the factory, which thus advanced to become the purveyor to the court of the political elite of the Third Reich.

War destruction in World War II

After the war began, heads for diving hats, hand molds for rubber gloves, models for making condoms , etc. were produced on behalf of the rubber industry . By the end of 1941, almost 80 percent of these items classified as essential to the war effort were made. As a war supplier, the manufactory was a target for bombing raids . In the night of March 9th to 10th, 1942, the main destruction took place, later bombardments in the following years caused further damage. A large part of the old files was also destroyed. The city business in the corner house Odeonsplatz / Briennerstrasse was also badly destroyed.

New beginning 1945

The most valuable models, shapes and old porcelain had been moved to the basement of the Badenburg in the Nymphenburg Palace Park. It was hit by a bomb, but the basement remained intact. After a short time, the Bäuml family managed to resume production under difficult conditions. Initially, customers were mainly members of the American occupation forces.

Porcelain cockatoo in the Munich-Nymphenburg Botanical Garden

Modern times

From 1975 to 2011, the manufacture was leased by the Bavarian state to the Wittelsbach Compensation Fund. On October 1st, 2011, the Kaltenberg Castle - Königliche Holding und License KG, took over the company with its managing partner, Luitpold Prince of Bavaria . Since April 2012 the official company name has been Königliche Porzellan Manufaktur Nymphenburg GmbH & Co. KG .

The porcelain manufacturer Nymphenburg deliberately avoids its own development department. Instead, it manufactures according to designs by contemporary designers and artists. In the 21st century, these have been Konstantin Grcic , Hella Jongerius , Kiki Smith , Joep van Lieshout , Olaf Nicolai and Carsten Höller, among others .

museum

Set above the Marstall museum Nymphenburg can Museum Nymphenburg porcelain - collection Bäuml be visited.

  • Nymphenburg porcelain (selection)

  • Commedia dell'arte figures Mezzetino and Lalage, Franz Anton Bustelli, ca.1760, Bavarian National Museum , Munich

  • Bust of a little girl, Franz Anton Bustelli, ca.1760, Germanisches Nationalmuseum , Nuremberg

  • Plate with flowers, butterflies and ladybirds, ca.1760, Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Nuremberg

  • Cup and saucer, Kajetan Purtscher, c. 1760–65, Metropolitan Museum , New York

  • Plate from the electoral court service, painting by Zaechenberger, 1760–65, Munich Porcelain Museum

  • Crane, Dominikus Auliczek, ca.1767, Metropolitan Museum, New York

  • Pair of Sugar Bowls, Franz Anton Bustelli, around 1760, Metropolitan Museum, New York

  • Colombine, Franz Anton Bustelli, ca.1765, Victoria and Albert Museum , London

  • Tabatière , c. 1760–65, Metropolitan Museum, New York

  • Centerpiece in the form of a garden, Joseph Ponhauser and Franz Anton Bustelli, 1754/1755, hard-paste porcelain with brightly colored muffle colors and gold

  • Lidded cup with vine leaf design, approx. 1812, Porcelain Museum , Florence

  • Sea-design plate by Hermann Gradl, 1899, Indianapolis Museum of Art

Famous artist

literature

Movies

Web links

Commons : Porzellanmanufaktur Nymphenburg  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Wilhelm Adolf Schmidt:  Auer, Anton . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, p. 637.
  2. ^ Hyacinth Holland:  Auer, Maximilian Joseph . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 46, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1902, p. 84.
  3. ↑ Press release: Prince Luitpold of Bavaria takes over the Porzellan Manufaktur Nymphenburg. ( Memento from March 12, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) In: Wittelsbacher compensation fund , September 30, 2011, (PDF; 2 pages, 110 kB).
  4. ↑ see: Unternehmensregister.de .

Coordinates: 48 ° 9 ′ 36.3 "  N , 11 ° 30 ′ 26.8"  E