Pasarét
| Pasarét | |||
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| Basic data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| State : | Hungary | ||
| Region : | Central Hungary | ||
| County : | Budapest | ||
| Coordinates : | 47 ° 31 ' N , 18 ° 59' E | ||
| Postal code : | 1026 | ||
| Structure and administration | |||
| Community type : | district | ||
| Website : | |||
The district Pasarét [ ˈpɒʃɒreːt ] (dt. Sauwiesen ) has been part of the II. Budapest District since the creation of Greater Budapest in 1950 . Geographically, it belongs to the Buda Mountains .
location
Pasarét is bordered by the valley of the expanding brook of the Devil's Trench (Hungarian Ördög-Árok ), which rises in Nagykovácsi and flows into the Danube , from the foot of the Apáthy rock to the Városmajor and from the area between Hüvösvölgyi Street and Pasaréti Street . From the north Pasarét borders on the districts of Rézmál , Törökvész , Lipótmező (German Leopoldfeld ), from the south on Városmajor , Kútvölgy (German Brunntal ), Virányos , Szépilona (German Schönhelene ) and Kurucles (German Kreutzenwinkel ).
Origin of name
The district got its current name as part of the Magyarization (Hungarian "Dűlőkeresztelő") in 1847 from Gábor Döbrentei, when the former German-populated districts were given Hungarian names. Sauwiesen and Schmalzbergel were named after the last Buda Pascha Abdurrahman Abdi Pasarét, i.e. Paschawiese. According to another opinion, the bush-covered area next to the Teufelsgraben was called Pasa in Serbian and Ried in German, the composition of which became “Pasa-Ried”, i.e. Pasarét.
history
Due to the lack of archaeological finds, nothing is known about the prehistory of Pasarét, but it is very likely that this swampy area was not habitable for both prehistoric humans and animals. The Roman grave site of Villa rustica , dating from the 3rd to 4th centuries , was recovered in 1863 from the higher Schmalzberg (today the area of the Vasas Sports Center).
The Magyars from the time of the Honfoglalás (Eng. The Conquest of the Fatherland ) laid their settlements on the hills of Nyék and the Franzenhügel and left the Devil's Trench valley free for pastures and meadows.
The Buda Castle was strengthened after the Mongol invasion and the relocation of the Royal Court of Buda in the 13th century also the Hofshaltung moved on to the nearby Buda hills . Such settlements were Solymár (dt. Falkner ), Nagykovácsi (dt. United Schmied ) and Hidegkút (dt. Cooling fountain ), where the court Falkner , wrought and royal war musicians settled. At that time belonged Pasarét and the area to today's Margit ring and the settlement Felhévíz on the Danube to the courtyard of the Holy Cross Hospitaller Order of Saint Stephen's canons -Ordens.
Count Kunc, the judge of Buda, rented the area from the Felhévíz church at the end of the 13th century. He controlled his wine and grain industry from his stronghold , which stood on the hill that is now in the Schönhelene district.
In the 15th century the area was already populated by Buda patricians , and after the middle of the century it came into the possession of Elizabeth of Luxembourg and the king together with the game garden , which ran from today's Kurucles along the Lipótmező to Nyék an Hüvösvölgy was enough. In its center is the hunting lodge , which is now on Fekete István Street . Construction of the castle began in the time of Sigismund of Luxembourg , but it was in full splendor in the time of Matthias Corvinus and the Jagiellonians .
At the time of the Turkish war , the area was known as the meadow of Beys Veli and was the area of the Buda Pashas. In 1599, during the Fifteen Years' War , the Buda Pasha Dív Süleyman , also known as the Devil, was captured here by the Hungarian troops .
From the 18th century , German settlers came to the Buda Mountains and revived the Roman and medieval viticulture culture. At this time, these Buda areas got their German names. The second district was then called Országút ( Chaussee ) outskirts. In 1820 the Teufelsgraben was regulated, the meadows were filled in and made suitable for maize cultivation.
The district was named Pasarét in 1847. At this time, the Henrik Drasche brick factory, which changed its name to Steinkohlenwerk und Ziegelfabrik-Gesellschaft in 1868, began production. It went bankrupt in 1932. After the unification of Pest , Buda and Óbuda in 1873, Budapest became a real metropolis and the outskirts became more and more integrated. In 1869 the horse-drawn tram started in the direction of Zugliget and in 1903 the tram to Hüvösvölgy, which at first only served as a hiking trail, started on this line ; it became one of the main transport routes by the 20th century. For the development of local transport, Hidegkúti Street (now Hűvösvölgyi Street), which has existed since antiquity, had to be expanded together with Pasaréti Street (1899) and the filling of the Devil's Trench (1877) ended.
The expansion of the Pasaréter villa district began with the design of Házmán Street in the 1900s and the construction of the villas on Pasaréti and Hidegkúti streets (e.g. the Emília Márkus villa on 85th Hűvösvölgyi street and the Ferenc Herczeg villas with the house number 87 were built in 1912)
After the First World War , new streets with houses in the eclectic and Bauhaus style were built in the 1920s and 1930s . On the corner of Pasaréti and Ditró streets, the second largest film factory in Hungary was built, the Star. Until the early 1990s, the dubbing studios of Mafilm (Mafilm Hungarian Film Studios) were here .
On the other side of Dirtó Street were the sports facilities of Pénzügyi Tisztviselők Budagyöngye SC, the CFO's sports club and, from 1950, the Pénzügyőr Sports Club's football field.
Bus no. 5 has its terminus at Pasaréti Square and is one of the oldest bus routes in the capital.
Pasarét was completely built up in the interwar period . At that time, in 1931, the village area on Napraforgó Street was built in the Bauhaus style, as well as the Lukóy Villa at number 12 / a on Battai Street, Pasaréti Square with its bus terminal and the Roman Catholic Church and Monastery, the Reformed Church on Torockó Square and the houses on Pasaréti Street, Szilágyi Erzsébet Avenue, Hűvösvölgyi Street and their cross streets. In 1940 the central building and the sports field of the Buda Gymnastics Association were built on the site of the Drasche brick factory, and Vasa's sports field since 1947.
During the Second World War , on December 25, 1944, the rifle corps of the Xth Guard of the 3rd Ukrainian Front invaded Buda at Hüvösvölgyi Street. They got all the way to the Saint Joseph Hospital. Here the march of the Russians was stopped by the attack battalion until the beginning of February 1945. The outbreak of the German troops on February 11, 1945 happened mainly through the valley of the Teufelsgraben. The SS officer of the German troops, SS-Obergruppenführer and general of the Waffen-SS, Karl Pfeffer-Wildenbruch , was arrested with his chiefs of staff in front of the academy canal.
After the new construction from the beginning of the 1950s until the turn of the century, almost exclusively public buildings were built: the Szabó Lőrinc bilingual primary school and grammar school, the Budagyöngye shopping center, the PSE headquarters.
After the fall of the Wall, house construction flourished again and houses and villas were built on the vacant lots . By 1999, the wooden structures of the stops of tram no.56 were renewed according to old plans, a bicycle path was built along the Devil's Trench, which is the second longest in Budapest after the Danube Corso, and the Landwehr riding arena in Hidász Street opened its doors. In 2003 the new department of the Szabó Ervin Library was opened in the former Villa Márkus.
Attractions
- Áron Gábor Memorial - Szilágyi Erzsébet Avenue,
- László Németh statue - at the Vasas sports field,
- Mária Fountain - on Pasaréti Square,
- Raoul Wallenberg Statue - Szilágyi Erzsébet Allee,
- Napraforgó street - monument,
- Pál Jávor memorial plaque - Pasaréti street,
- Lőrinc-Szabó memorial plaque - Volkmann Street,
- Béla Bartók Memorial House - Csalán Street
Known residents
- Béla Bartók Composer - 29 Csalán Street.
- Tibor Déry writer - Lotz Károly street 20.
- Ernő Dohnányi composer - 24 Széher Street.
- Ferenc Herczeg writer - 87 Hűvösvölgyi street.
- Pál Jávor Actor - 8 Pasaréti Street.
- Emília Márkus actress with son-in-law Vaclav Nyizsinszkij dancer - 85 Hűvösvölgyi street.
- Imre Nagy politician - Orsó street
- László Németh writer - 79 Szilágyi Erzsébet avenue.
- Amy Károlyi poet with husband, Sándor Weöres poet - Muraközi street 10 / A.
- Rezső Kókai composer - 11 Torockó street.
- István Örkény writer - 39 Pasaréti Street.
- Lőrinc Szabó Poet - 8 Volkmann Street.
- Magda Szabó writer with husband, Tibor Szobotka writer - 3 Júlia street.
- Mária Szepes Writer - 13 Júlia Street.
- Antal Szerb writer - Torockó street 9 / a.
- Judit Pincési Poet - Nagyajtai Street 1 / b.
- Zoltán Várkonyi Actor-Director - 10 Nagyajtai Street.