Philip III (Hanau-Lichtenberg)

Philip III von Hanau-Lichtenberg (born October 18, 1482 , † May 15, 1538 in Buchsweiler, today: Bouxwiller ) was the third count of Hanau-Lichtenberg .

Childhood and youth

Philip III was born as the eldest son of Count Philipp II von Hanau-Lichtenberg and Anna von Isenburg . He completed a university degree.

Pedigree of Count Philip III. from Hanau-Lichtenberg
Great grandparents	Reinhard II. Von Hanau (* 1369; † 1451) ∞ Katharina von Nassau-Beilstein (*?; † 1459)	Ludwig V von Lichtenberg (* 1433; † 1471) ∞ Elisabeth von Hohenlohe († 1488)	Dietrich von Isenburg-Büdingen (* 1400; † 1461) ∞ Elisabeth von Solms-Braunfels (* 1409; † 1450)	Johann II of Nassau- Wiesbaden-Idstein (* 1419; † 1480) ∞ Maria von Nassau-Dillenburg (* 1418; † 1474)
Grandparents	Philipp I von Hanau-Lichtenberg (* 1417; † 1480) ∞ Anna von Lichtenberg (* 1442; † 1474)		Ludwig II of Isenburg-Büdingen (* 1422; † 1511) ∞ Maria von Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein (* 1438; † 1480)
parents	Philip II of Hanau-Lichtenberg (* 1462; † 1504) ∞ Anna von Isenburg -Büdingen († 1522)
Philip III from Hanau-Lichtenberg

For the family cf. Main article: Hanau (noble family)

family

Marriage and offspring

Philip III married Margravine Sibylle von Baden- Sponheim on January 24, 1504 in Baden (* April 26, 1485 - July 10, 1518), daughter of Margrave Christoph I of Baden-Sponheim. She brought a dowry of 5000 fl . into marriage. From this marriage came:

1. Johanna (* 1507; † January 27, 1572 at Eberstein Castle near Gernsbach ), married on November 6, 1522 to Wilhelm IV. Von Eberstein (* May 3, 1497; † July 1, 1562).
2. Christophora (* 1509; † March 7, 1582), nun since November 1526 and later the last abbess of the Marienborn monastery , secular after the monastery was dissolved in 1559.
3. Amalie (* 1512; † February 5, 1578), since November 1526 nun in the Marienborn monastery, secular after the monastery was dissolved in 1559, buried on February 7, 1578 in the town church of St. Nikolaus in Babenhausen .
4. Felicitas (March 5, 1513; † November 1513).
5. Philip IV (September 20, 1514 - February 19, 1590).
6. Felicitas (* 1516; † after 1559 in Babenhausen), since November 1526 nun in the Marienborn monastery.

Family and territorial stability

The severance payment for his younger brothers, Ludwig and Reinhard , ultimately took place without the country being divided. Ludwig initially received the Buchsweiler office in 1513 , but later instead received a pension of 500 florins and the right to use the Hanau-Lichtenberger Hof in Strasbourg . Reinhard was assigned territory, but this later fell to Philip III. back.

With the relatives from the Zweibrücken-Bitsch house , after a long dispute, the condominiums Willstätt and Brumath were divided . The former went to Philip III, the latter to Zweibrücken-Bitsch.

government

The political legacy from the Landshut War of Succession

Even before he took office, Philip III. engaged in the Landshut War of Succession 1503–1505 between the Electoral Palatinate and Bavaria in favor of the later defeated Electoral Palatinate and against his father, who remained neutral. Landgrave Wilhelm II of Hesse was commissioned by the Roman-German King and later Emperor Maximilian I to carry out the eight against the Electoral Palatinate, classified as a breach of the peace , and its allies. The rural area of ​​the Babenhausen office was already devastated before Philip II succeeded, with the help of Maximilian I and the fact that Babenhausen, as a Bohemian fief, belonged indirectly to the Habsburgs, to stem the campaign against their own possessions. The fact that Philip III. had fought on the wrong side, resented Maximilian I and Count Philip III. his government in 1504 came under the spell saying the imperial ban on. Due to the final regulations on the Landshut War of Succession at the Reichstag in Cologne in 1505, he had to cede half of his share in the Groß-Umstadt condominium and Otzberg Castle as compensation for their war costs to the Landgraviate of Hesse . The situation was calmed down again and in 1506 he received the office of Babenhausen as a fiefdom from King Maximilian I, and even subsequently received the title of imperial council. His losses from the Landshut War of Succession were partially compensated for by the Electoral Palatinate and Hesse after almost two decades with the assignment of rulership rights in Kleestadt and Langstadt as well as a payment of 16,000  florins in 1521. Overall, Philip III. got out of the affair quite lightly.

reformation

Under the government of Count Philip III. The Reformation slowly gained a foothold in the county of Hanau-Lichtenberg from 1525 . So the office of the soul was banned. On the other hand, he expelled Johannes Anglicus , who spread the new doctrine in his county, of the country. Philip III was very careful here because of the political consequences. This included the revolutionary explosive power with regard to the peasants, foreign policy considerations with regard to the Archdiocese of Mainz , his aversion to bourgeois, evangelical Strasbourg and his wife, who was uncompromisingly devoted to traditional piety.

Peasants' War

In the reign of Philip III. the peasant war also falls . The Hanau-Lichtenberg subjects were ultimately involved extensively, occasionally even during the Bundschuh movement in 1517. However, this uprising was suppressed before it broke out in full. The Hanau-Lichtenberg subjects had been increasingly called upon by the sovereigns for some time to pay taxes and charges, up to the limit of their burdens and, for some, beyond. In 1525 a mass uprising broke out in the Upper Rhine area. Philip III used the emerging unrest to attack and plunder the Neuweiler Abbey together with the farmers on April 19, 1525 . At the same time he informed the Council of the City of Strasbourg about the incident, but claimed that he could not assert himself against the farmers. The peasants adopted the Twelve Articles of the Swabian Peasantry. On April 20, 1525, they were made known to the farmers gathered at the Neuburg monastery and a few days later they were also distributed in the Hanau-Lichtenberg estates on the right of the Rhine. Count Philip III's situation slipped away, but at the latest when the farmers plundered his own castle in Buchsweiler on May 6, 1525 and caused 10,000 florins in damage. With the help of neighboring powers, including the Duke Anton II of Lorraine and the Count of Zweibrücken-Bitsch, there were a number of military victories over the peasants in the summer. After the final victory of Count Philip III. On December 1, 1525, the 18 municipalities of the Buchsweiler office again submitted to Philip III. Large fines were imposed, a new oath of allegiance had to be taken, the farmers had to forego weapons in the future, and a ban on assembly was imposed.

The Berwangen affair

Because of the killing of one of his own officials, Albrecht von Berwangen, who had resigned due to outstanding payment of his salary, he had to answer to the Reichshofrat and the Reichskammergericht . Philip III pleaded for self-defense - not very credible due to the mutilated condition of the corpse. Finally he had to pay a fine of 500 florins. But that was not enough for the brother of the dead man. He feuded the count in alliance with Franz von Sickingen and plundered the Hanau-Lichtenberg village of Duntzenheim .

rich

Philip III participated in the Diets in Worms in 1521, Speyer in 1526 and Regensburg in 1532. He was imperial councilor also Emperor Charles V and continued advice of the Archduke Ferdinand , the Elector of the Palatinate and the Duke of Wuerttemberg .

Philip III was also with the city of Strasbourg . in a protracted dispute, a conflict that was nourished by conflicting interests in the fields of economics, religion and politics.

Domestic politics

In 1527 Philip III donated a hospital in Buchsweiler, which was provided with a "endowment fund" for its maintenance. This grew into a bank over the years , the largest in the county.

death

Grave slab of Philip III. from Hanau-Lichtenberg in the town church Babenhausen (Hesse)

Philip III fell ill a few years before his death. and handed over the business of government to his successor, Philip IV.

Philip III died on May 15, 1538 in Buchsweiler and was buried in the family funeral in the town church of St. Nikolaus in Babenhausen . The grave slab is in the church and a death shield is preserved in the Darmstadt Castle Museum .

literature

• Johannes Beinert: The train of Strasbourg against Count Philip III. from Hanau-Lichtenberg . In: Yearbook for History, Language and Literature Alsace-Lorraine 24 (1908), pp. 33ff.
• M. Goltzené and A. Matt: From the history of the office Buchsweiler and the gentlemen from Hanau-Lichtenberg . In: Société d'Histoire et d'Archaeologie de Saverne et Environs (ed.): Cinquième centenaire de la création du Comté de Hanau-Lichtenberg 1480 - 1980 = Pays d'Alsace 111/112 (2, 3/1980), p 63-72.
• JG Lehmann: Documented history of the county Hanau-Lichtenberg in the lower Alsace . 2 vol., O. O. 1862 (?), ND Pirmasens 1970.
• Wilhelm Morhardt: Hanau old - in honor of b'halt - The Counts of Hanau-Lichtenberg in history and stories = Babenhausen then and now 10th Babenhausen 1984
• Sebastian Scholz: The inscriptions of the city of Darmstadt and the district of Darmstadt-Dieburg and Groß-Gerau = The German inscriptions Bd. 49. Mainz series Bd. 6. Ed. of the Academy of Sciences in Mainz. Wiesbaden 1999.
• Sebastian Scholz: A death shield for Count Philipp III. from Hanau-Lichtenberg . In: Contributions to the history of the County of Hanau-Lichtenberg. Published for the 20th anniversary of the partnership between the two former royal royal cities of Babenhausen and Bouxwiller = Babenhausen once and now 31 (2004), p. 31ff.
• Reinhard Suchier : Genealogy of the Hanauer count house . In: Festschrift of the Hanau History Association for its 50th anniversary celebration on August 27, 1894 . Hanau 1894.
• Peter Karl Weber: Lichtenberg. Alsatian domination on the way to becoming a territorial state. Social costs of political innovation . Heidelberg 1993.
• Ernst Julius Zimmermann : Hanau city and country . 3rd edition, Hanau 1919, ND 1978.

References

1. ↑ The document Staatsarchiv Darmstadt D7: 1/1 states February 14th 1538
2. ↑ Sometimes also written “Sybille”.
3. ↑ Goltzené, p. 65
4. ↑ The classification of this second Felicitas, who died in the year of her birth, is difficult and controversial, see: Suchier, notes 92 and 93:
5. ↑ It is still mentioned in the compensation for the nuns of the dissolved Marienborn Monastery on February 20, 1559; therefore the date mentioned in Suchier: p. 20, August 27, 1551, cannot be correct.
6. ^ Weber: Lichtenberg , p. 191.
7. ^ Weber: Lichtenberg , p. 199.
8. ↑ ^{a b} Weber: Lichtenberg , p. 192.
9. ^ Weber: Lichtenberg , p. 210.
10. ^ Weber: Lichtenberg , p. 194.
11. ↑ ^{a b} Weber: Lichtenberg , p. 211.
12. ^ Weber: Lichtenberg , p. 211f.
13. ↑ See also: Zimmerische Chronik , Vol. 2, p. 230 Page: De Zimmerische Chronik 2 230.jpg
14. ↑ Goltzené and A. Matt: From the story , p. 65.
15. ↑ Scholz, Insschriften, p. 168
16. ↑ Scholz, Insschriften, p. 169

predecessor	Office	successor
Philip II	Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg 1504–1538	Philip IV