Philipp Münz

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Philipp Münz (around 1900)

Philipp Münz , born as Pichas (Pinkus) Münz (born January 9, 1864 in Tarnów , Western Galicia , † August 15, 1944 in the Theresienstadt ghetto ) was a German general practitioner and specialist book author. He was the founder and chief physician of the Israelite children's sanatorium in Bad Kissingen .

Life

Former Israelite children's sanatorium (1940)
Former Israelite children's sanatorium at Salinenstrasse 34 (2015)
Stumbling block for Philipp Münz

Medical Council Dr. med. Philipp Münz was the son of the rabbi and writer Dr. phil. Lazar Münz and the daughter of a merchant Lea Luise Kleinmann from Tarnów. After graduating from high school in Posen in 1883 , where he also acquired Prussian citizenship , he began studying medicine at the University of Berlin from the 1885 summer semester . After completing his physics course , he moved to the University of Würzburg in the summer semester of 1888 . There he received his license to practice medicine in July 1892 . On January 20, 1893, he was from the University of Leipzig Dr. med. PhD . Then it worked as a general practitioner, at the latest since 1894 in Nuremberg.

He was married to from Rheinhessen originating Martha Sauer Bach (1871-1939). The couple had two sons, the general practitioner Alfred (1897–1944), who practiced together with his father in Nuremberg and Bad Kissingen, and the dentist Heinrich Münz (1900- ??) in Berlin .

In May 1903, Münz moved with the family to Bad Kissingen at Theresienstraße 7 (today No. 1) and from then on ran a spa pension there in addition to the doctor's office. After the end of the course season, the family regularly moved back to Nuremberg at Hochstrasse 22 for the winter half-year from November to April, where they had kept their home and practice. In Nuremberg, Münz (mentioned around 1900) was a member of the “ Natural History Society of Nuremberg ”. Münz only gave up this residence and the Nuremberg practice in autumn 1932 at the age of 68. After his license to practice medicine, his son Alfred also worked as a general practitioner in his father's practices in Nuremberg and Bad Kissingen on March 1, 1925, but no later than 1929.

In addition to his work as a general practitioner, Philipp Münz also worked scientifically and as an author. He wrote several reference books on digestion , proper nutrition (especially kosher food ), arteriosclerosis and urinalysis .

In addition, he also showed great social commitment. Inspired by a visit to the Protestant children's sanatorium in Bad Kissinger Salinenstrasse, he woke up to the desire to set up a similar Jewish facility in Bad Kissingen. On August 31, 1899, for example, in the Jewish weekly newspaper Der Israelit, he insisted on the need for such a house for chronically ill Jewish children from poor backgrounds. He urged the readership: “And now , let's do it ! May everyone contribute to the completion of this great charitable work according to the measure of his fortune and his nobility! ” Only six years after this appeal, the Association of the Israelite Children's Sanatorium in Bad Kissingen , which was founded in 1901 and whose secretary and (around 1930) chairman Münz was, opened. on June 12, 1905, his Israelitische Kinderheilstätte at Salinenstrasse 34, "which should open their hospitable doors to poor and ailing children from families from all parts of the country and from all religious party directions" . Until the displacement of the Jewish spa guests in 1938, thousands of children of all denominations - most recently up to 400 children per season with a stay of around 30 days each - were able to get rid of their chronic illnesses free of charge or for a small contribution under the medical care of Philipp Münz recover. Also on his initiative, spa facilities for working Jewish girls and women were created in 1919 through an extension with 30 beds. In 1927, on his initiative, the Israelitisches Kurhospiz for poor Israelites (for adults) was built in Altenberg 2, which, like the children's sanatorium, was taken over by the city of Bad Kissingen in 1938 and converted into a residential building. Both institutions were banned from operation by the city administration in March 1938. Today (2012) the building of the children's sanatorium is a vacation home of the Upper Hessian Utilities in Friedberg .

Münz showed patriotic behavior in World War I and volunteered as a field doctor . But even this did not protect him - like all other Jewish citizens - from reprisals and ultimately from being banned from practicing his profession .

Immediately after the " seizure of power " by the National Socialists on January 30, 1933, most of the Jewish doctors in Germany were "removed" from their employment. Only a small number were allowed to practice freelance in the following years under difficult conditions. In the spring of 1938 there were only two other Jewish doctors in Bad Kissingen besides Münz and his son Alfred - Siegfried Wahle and Sally Mayer . The legal basis for the final revocation of the license to practice medicine from all Jewish doctors was finally provided by the 4th ordinance on the Reich Citizenship Act of June 25, 1938, according to which “Jewish” was equated with “hostile to the state”. From now on, the four remaining Jewish doctors were officially only allowed to work as “ medical practitioners ” exclusively for Jewish patients. This completely deprived them and their families of their livelihoods.

In Bad Kissingen, the municipal building council decided on March 3, 1938, that most of the spa pensions of Jewish owners had their operating permits withdrawn. Philipp Münz, from whom it had also been withdrawn at first, was subsequently granted permission to continue operating his sanatorium, probably out of consideration for his earlier reputation in the city as a medical councilor.

But just a few weeks after the death of his wife Martha, the now 75-year-old left the spa town of Bad Kissingen forever with his son Alfred on July 21, 1939. He moved to Berlin, presumably to his younger son Heinrich, first to Kurfürstendamm 22, later to Marburger Straße 12. Four days after his 79th birthday, Münz was deported on January 13, 1943, together with Alfred, to the Theresienstadt ghetto , where he was on Perished on August 15, 1944.

In memory of Philip coin and his son Alfred on 15 May 2012 at the instigation of citizens' Bad Kissinger pitfalls of Gunter Demnig two stumbling blocks in front of the Bad Kissinger House Theresienstraße 1 installed.

Works

  • A case of isolated hypoglossal spasm , Nuremberg 1894
  • On the advantages of ritual circumcision. A reply , in: Münchener medicinische Wochenschrift of March 1, 1898, Volume 45, Pages 264-266
  • since 1896 employee at: Josephine Meyer Gumprich: Complete practical cookbook for the Jewish kitchen , 1st edition 1888 and 2nd edition 1896; continued by Bertha Gumprich , 3rd edition 1899 to 9th edition 1925, Verlag J. Kauffmann , Frankfurt am Main 1914–1925; Reprint 2002
  • Handbook of nutrition for the healthy and the stomach sick. With special consideration of the Jewish dietary laws , Johann Wirthsche Hofbuchdruckerei, Mainz 1901
  • For the treatment of whooping cough in: New Therapy , No. 7, 1904
  • Artificial nutritional preparations and their ritual permissibility , Johann Wirthsche Hofbuchdruckerei, Mainz 1904
  • The children's sanctuary system in Germany . Lecture given at the 27th Balneology Congress, in: Berliner Klinische Wochenschrift No. 19, Berlin 1906
  • A columnist-apologetic essay on the (Jewish) food laws in: Contributions to the history and appreciation of the hygiene of the Jews , special issue (40), around 1912
  • The hardening of the arteries (arteriosclerosis), its nature and its treatment , with appendix: Your treatment in Bad Kissingen , Verlag Steinitz, 1907, 2nd edition 1913
  • The nutrition of the healthy and sick stomach , Verlag Heerdegen-Barbeck, 1912
  • with Nathan Rosenberg: The corrected main methods of urinalysis for the daily practice of the doctor, pharmacist and chemist, as well as for students, hospitals, sanatoriums and similar institutes , Fischer's medicinische Buchhandlung H. Kornfeld, Berlin 1913
  • Nutritional u. Organ preparations and their ritual admissibility , Verlag M. Baumann, 1926

Web links

Commons : Philipp Münz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Michael Diefenbacher , Wiltrud Fischer-Pache: Memorial Book for the Nuremberg Victims of the Shoah , supplementary volume , City Archives Nuremberg, 2002, ISBN 3871913081 and ISBN 9783871913082 , page 73
  2. ^ Entry on the register card of the Reichsarztregister, from which it was removed on September 30, 1938.
  3. ↑ Alfred Münz was deported from Theresienstadt concentration camp to Auschwitz on September 29, 1944 , where he soon perished.
  4. ↑ Münz must have been in Bad Kissingen even before 1903 - perhaps irregularly? - have stayed and know the situation there, because as early as August 31, 1899 he called in Der Israelit (September 4, 1899 edition) for the establishment of an Israelite children's sanatorium in Bad Kissingen.
  5. ↑ Call for the construction of an Israelite children's sanatorium (August / September 1899), Part 1 and Part 2
  6. ↑ The Israelite of August 4, 1902 ( online )
  7. ↑ Allgemeine Zeitung des Judentums of June 30, 1905 ( Part 1 and Part 2 ) with a poem written by Philipp Münz, which was read by his 8-year-old son Alfred "with deep emphasis" .
  8. ↑ Heinz Angermeier , Erich Meuthen (ed.): Advances in historical science through research on the Reichstag files , series of publications by the Historical Commission at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, Volume 35, Verlag Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1988, ISBN 3525359357 and ISBN 9783525359358 , page 46 ( excerpt )
  9. ^ Annual report of the Israelitisches Kurhospiz Bad Kissingen eV association for 1929 , self-published, Bad Kissingen 1930
  10. ^ Frank Bajohr : "Our hotel is free of Jews". Time of National Socialism , Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, 2003, ISBN 359615796X or ISBN 9783596157969 , page 140 ( excerpt )
  11. ^ Hans-Jürgen Beck, Rudolf Walter: Jüdisches Leben in Bad Kissingen , page 32ff. ( Extracts )
  12. ↑ Hans-Jürgen Beck, Rudolf Walter: Jüdisches Leben in Bad Kissingen , Rötter Druck und Verlag, Bad Neustadt (Saale) 1990, page 95
  13. ↑ Hans-Jürgen Beck, Rudolf Walter: Jüdisches Leben in Bad Kissingen , page 92
  14. ↑ Heinrich Münz soon managed to emigrate to the United States
  15. ↑ Victims database Theresienstadt  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. - The year of birth is 1865 .@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.holocaust.cz  
personal data
SURNAME Münz, Philipp
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Münz, Pinkus Philipp; Münz, Pichas Philipp
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German general practitioner and specialist book author
DATE OF BIRTH January 9, 1864
PLACE OF BIRTH Tarnów , Western Galicia
DATE OF DEATH August 15, 1944
Place of death Theresienstadt ghetto