Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium

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The Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium around 1894 (drawing)

The Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium (also Prinz-Heinrich-Gymnasium ) was a state-sponsored humanistic high school in Berlin-Schöneberg . It was founded in 1890 as the West Gymnasium and existed until 1945, from 1893 under the name Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium . Many of the teachers at this grammar school were also eminent scientists, especially until the First World War . Like most Prussian grammar schools, the Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium was a school for boys only (without co-education ). The famous students of the institution included the writer Hans Fallada , the historian Eric Hobsbawm and the actor Klaus Kinski .

After the school building was evacuated and destroyed in World War II , the grammar school was closed in 1945. In the building, which was rebuilt in 1958, a vocational and vocational school was set up, which later became the Friedrich List School (upper level center), which moved to two new locations in Berlin-Rummelsburg in February 2016 .

history

Foundation and directorate of Richter (1890–1910)

In the second half of the 19th century there were three grammar schools in the western part of Berlin: the Königliche Wilhelms-Gymnasium (founded in 1858), the Askanische Gymnasium (founded in 1875) and the Joachimsthalsche Gymnasium (founded in 1875), which had been located in Wilmersdorf since 1880 . In the course of the population increase and because of the sometimes unfavorable location of these grammar schools for the residents of the western part of the city, the need arose to set up another grammar school. The magistrate of Berlin was initially chosen as the school sponsor, but it rejected the project on February 10, 1883. On the other hand, the Prussian Ministry of Finance agreed to take over the financing of the building and the sponsorship of the school.

The opening of the grammar school in a temporary building, planned for Easter 1885, was delayed because no suitable building plot could be found. On July 27, 1886, the municipality of Schöneberg agreed to give away a piece of land for the grammar school free of charge. For this purpose, on October 24, 1886, they designated an approximately 5000 m² plot of land on Grunewaldstrasse in the so-called Akacienwäldchen , which, however, did not belong to the municipality alone: ​​the Evangelical parish of Schöneberg, which operated its domain there, was the ideal co-owner. The building commission negotiated with the parish and the Prussian Ministry of Agriculture in the following two years to give up the area in favor of the planned new building. After the municipality of Schöneberg bought the area, the handover took place on March 25, 1889.

Until the school building was completed on October 1, 1893, the grammar school was housed in a community schoolhouse in Schöneberg. Otto Richter , who had previously been a senior teacher at the Askanisches Gymnasium, was appointed the first director of the institution on May 26, 1890 . The school's opening ceremony took place on October 13, 1890, during which the provincial school councilor Gruhl introduced the director to his office. The grammar school was provisionally named West-Gymnasium .

When it was officially opened in 1893, the school was named Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium after Prince Heinrich of Prussia , the brother of Kaiser Wilhelm II.

With a steadily growing number of students, the grammar school developed into an important educational institution in Berlin. Under the director Richter, who ran the school for twenty years until 1910, the teaching staff went on excursions with the students to the new monuments on Siegesallee (1898) and to the newly inaugurated Kaiser-Friedrich-Museum (1905). A lively cultural life developed at the grammar school itself. Concerts and theater performances took place in the auditorium, and the scientifically excellent teachers Alfred Brueckner and Paul Graffunder gave slide shows about their specialist areas, the archeology of Athens and Rome.

Several sports clubs were formed at the school. In addition to the obligatory swimming lessons, the high school became a member of the Wannsee rowing club in 1907 and regularly organized rowing exercises. Some primary school students joined the Sport Club in 1896, which later became the Berliner Sport Club .

Apart from the usual school trips to the Berlin area, the Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium organized trips to Rome on the initiative of the senior teacher Ernst Herrmann, who was appointed in 1898. In the annual report of the grammar school in 1900, Herrmann reported on the first trip to Rome from March 24 to April 9, 1899, which went as planned after meticulous preparations despite a few complications. The trips to Rome were carried out until 1910 under the direction of Director Richter, who is a proven expert for the topography of the city of Rome was. Together with Herrmann, he carried out the second trip to Rome in 1900. The director made his next trips to Rome every spring from 1903 (with the exception of 1908). Richter commented on the experiences of the first seven trips and their purpose in the grammar school's annual report in 1908.

Directorate Michaelis (1910–1913) and Busse (1913–1922)

When Richter retired in 1910, the Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium had 640 students and 33 teachers. Gerhard Michaelis, who had previously headed the Reform Realgymnasium in Barmen , was appointed the new director in 1910 . The annual trips to Rome from 1911 to 1914 were carried out by senior teacher Graffunder. In addition to the gymnastics club and the rowing club, a school orchestra was established in autumn 1910 and a photography club in 1912.

Michaelis moved to the provincial school college in 1913. His successor was Rudolf Busse, formerly director of the Kaiser-Friedrichs-Gymnasium in Frankfurt am Main . He headed the Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium for ten years. During the First World War , several teachers and students at the grammar school did military service; In the first year of the war, 24 students, teachers and alumni of the Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium had died. As the war continued, the publication of the annual report was stopped in 1916. In the winter of 1918/19 the school building served as quarters for the workers 'and peasants' councils.

Directorate Sorof (1922–1929) and Schönbrunn (1929–1933)

With the end of the First World War and the collapse of the German Empire, there were also many changes for the Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium. When the first annual report since 1915 appeared in 1922, the school was already part of Greater Berlin . The college consisted of 32 teachers, who were now called Studienräte ; the number of students was 603.

Several funeral ceremonies took place under the new director Gustav Sorof: on June 19, 1922 on the occasion of the partition of Silesia , on June 28, 1922 after the murder of Walther Rathenau and on January 13, 1923 on the occasion of the occupation of the Ruhr area . On April 4, 1922, the school erected a memorial to those who fell in the World War. In 1923 the preschool was separated from the grammar school.

In the 1920s, a number of new student associations emerged, including a literary association (which read dramas by Henrik Ibsen and Gerhart Hauptmann , among others ), a Bible study group, a tennis association, and a scientific association. The school rowing club and the school gymnastics club continued to prosper under the direction of physical education teachers.

In 1921 a parents' council was founded at the Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium, which was re-elected every two years. A highly acclaimed cultural event at the school was the performance of the Sophocles tragedy King Oedipus in Greek on December 19, 1925 by students in the lower class under the direction of the teacher Otto Rubensohn .

In 1929 Sorof retired. His successor was Walter Schönbrunn, who outlined his educational program in the 1930 annual report. He went into the importance of ancient language teaching , to which he ascribed a great importance for the "cultural awakening". In the same annual report, his fellow teachers, Junge and Heinrich, dealt with teaching in modern foreign languages ​​and physical education. At the same time, Schönbrunn strengthened student self-administration by giving students a say in various areas, such as setting up the student library, having a student court in compensation cases and participating in advice on disciplinary cases. The school's hiking trips no longer only led to the Berlin area, but also to Hamburg, the Rhineland, the Giant Mountains, the Weser Uplands, Mecklenburg, Saxon Switzerland and East Prussia.

On February 28 and March 4, 1930, students of the Realzweig under the direction of Studienrat Bodsch performed an English play, The Other Side by RC Sherriff , which portrayed the World War in an impartial manner.

Period of National Socialism (1933–1945): Directorate Deidert

During the time of National Socialism , the Schönbrunn school principal was relieved of his office (during the 1933 summer vacation). The directorate was initially represented by the senior student councilor Blankenburg, then from October 23, 1933 by the student councilor Erich Deidert, who was officially appointed director in 1934. Two other teachers, Salomon Birnbaum and Moritz Hirsch, were retired because of their Jewish origins in autumn 1933. Hirsch died on March 13, 1934, and Birnbaum was deported to Auschwitz in 1943. Hebrew classes and Jewish religion classes were canceled. The school's efforts to protect Jewish students and teachers are not known.

The essay topics of the final examination were in the upper prima of the grammar school in 1934: "The education for community in the Platonic and National Socialist sense" or alternatively: "One year of the National Socialist state: experiences and thoughts since January 30, 1933". The topics were set by a study assessor who had come to the Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium as a German teacher that same year. The other teachers at the Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium kept their Abitur exams free from National Socialist slogans.

On August 31, 1936 94% of the students belonged to a National Socialist organization (HJ, SA, SS), in 1939 it was 91%. The grammar school took part in all the school reforms of National Socialism, including the reduction of school time by one year in 1936, the merging of the lower and upper prima in 1937 and the renaming of the classes (instead of sixth grade: 1st grade, instead of prima: 8th grade, etc.). According to the assessment of a student of that time, the historian Eric Hobsbawm , the school seems to have largely closed itself to being appropriated by the National Socialist ideology. Hobsbawm writes in his memoirs:

“Like all high schools, the Prinz-Heinrich-Gymnasium was an elite school, but not a Nazi school. A friend with whom I am still in contact stayed until 1938. As a Jew, he never had any problems at this school. It was German national, loyal to the people and all these things from the empire. But they weren't Nazis, on the contrary. "

- Eric Hobsbawm : Between Worlds and Transitional Times. Interventions and requests to speak. Cologne 2009, p. 186

After the outbreak of the Second World War , the last annual report of the Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium was published at Easter 1940. The number of students was 329, the number of teachers 20. For the director Deidert, who was doing military service from September 1939, the senior teacher Walter Krahn acted as director. There were only a few concessions to National Socialist ideology in the curriculum: the reading plan for German lessons did not include a single relevant book, but two of the five essay topics of the upper and lower grammar school classes and the real branch were clearly National Socialist.

On April 1, 1940, the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Gymnasium , the second oldest (1797) Berlin gymnasium, was merged with the Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium. In the further course of the war, the pupils of the two institutions were relocated to Saxony as part of the Kinderland deportation and later to Heideburg in the Czech Republic .

The school building was badly damaged in a bombing raid on January 30, 1944. The biological, physical and chemical collections as well as the valuable teacher library of the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Gymnasium perished. The auditorium and the administration rooms with the archive and the school files were also completely destroyed. The north wing with the teacher and student library of the Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium, the teachers and music room could be saved.

After the end of the war, in 1945 the Robert Blum School (secondary school for boys) in Berlin-Schöneberg was designated as the successor school to the Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium and received its teacher and student library. Part of the teacher's library was transferred to the library of the Classical Archeology Seminar at the Free University of Berlin . On March 25, 1964, on the initiative of Heinz Stallmann, who had been teaching at the Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium from 1939, the humanistic Paul-Natorp-Gymnasium in Berlin-Friedenau took over the tradition of the Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium.

building

Site plan of the school building
View of the east facade of the Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium (drawing)

The buildings of the Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium were constructed from 1891 to 1893 according to a design by the architect Friedrich Schulze (architect) . After the groundbreaking on October 2, 1891, the director's residence was first pulled up and then the foundation stone for the school building was laid on December 19, 1891. Construction work was completed on October 10, 1893.

The 5000 m² school area was enclosed by a two meter high wall with wrought iron bars. The main front of the three-storey class building of the grammar school faced the acacia-lined school yard. To the side of the main entrance was the two-story director's house, on the opposite side (on the southeast corner) the gymnasium. The two (heated) toilet buildings on the school premises were connected to the side corridors of the class building by covered halls.

The class building offered space for around 900 students in the classrooms. It consisted of a central building and two wings on the south and north sides. The school library, the singing class, the conference room, the drawing room and the historical-geographical teaching apparatus were housed in the northern wing. in the southern wing the natural science collection, the teachers' library and the subject room for physics with a collection of teaching materials. In addition to the classrooms, the central building contained the director's room, the caretaker's apartment and the auditorium (on the second floor).

After a heavy bomb hit on January 30, 1944, the south wing of the school burned down and the north wing was saved. The ruin of the school building was long neglected and was slated for demolition, but in 1956 the Berlin Senate decided to renovate the building. It was rebuilt from the foundation in 1958. Only the director's house, which housed a kindergarten for a while, has been completely preserved from the original structure.

The building is located between Grunewaldstraße, Akazienstraße and Apostel-Paulus-Straße at the address Klixstraße 7 (named after the school supervisor Gustav Adolf Klix , who made a contribution to founding the school). After the rebuilding in 1958, a commercial vocational and technical college moved into the building. The Friedrich List School was located there until February 2016, and the Anna Freud School - Technical School for Social Pedagogy - has been there ever since.

Known students

Known teachers

  • Fritz Böhm (1880–1943), folklorist, teacher from 1931–1932 and 1940–1943
  • Alfred Brueckner (1861–1936), classical archaeologist, senior teacher 1891–1924
  • Carl Kappus (1879–1951), linguist, senior teacher 1912–1919
  • Friedrich Cauer (1863–1932), ancient historian, senior teacher 1896–1899
  • Peter Corssen (1856–1928), classical philologist, senior teacher 1891–1921
  • David Coste (1853–1915), ancient historian, senior teacher 1890–1895
  • Emil Engelmann (1861–1945), local history researcher, senior teacher 1891–1905
  • Hans Gossen (1884–1946), classical philologist, teacher from 1919–1928
  • Paul Graffunder (1857–1914), classical philologist, senior teacher 1890–1914
  • Bernhard Kübler (1859–1940), classical philologist and legal historian, senior teacher 1893–1895
  • Bruno Rappaport (1875–1915), ancient historian, candidate 1902–1903
  • Otto Rubensohn (1867–1964), classical archaeologist, teacher from 1924–1932
  • Max CP Schmidt (1853–1918), classical philologist, senior teacher 1895–1912
  • Ernst Theodor Schulze (1859–1919), classical philologist, senior teacher 1898–1919
  • Otto Möller (1883–1964), teacher from 1926–1945

Directors

  • Otto Richter (1843–1918), classical archaeologist, director 1890–1910
  • Gerhard Michaelis (1869–1934), director 1910–1913
  • Rudolf Busse (1857–1943), reform pedagogue, director 1913–1922
  • Gustav Sorof (1863–1935), director 1922–1929
  • Walter Schönbrunn (1889–1960), reform pedagogue, director 1929–1933
  • Erich Deidert (1891 – after 1965), director 1934–1945 (provisional since 1933)
    • Walter Krahn (1885 – after 1965), deputy director 1940–1945

literature

  • Royal Prince Heinrichs-Gymnasium in Berlin. IV. Annual report for the school year 1893/94 . Berlin 1894 ULB Düsseldorf . In this:
    • Otto Richter: Foundation and inauguration of the Royal Prince Heinrichs Gymnasium , pp. 3–15
    • Otto Poetsch: Building description , pp. 16-20 (with drawings and plans)
  • Heinz Stallmann: The Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium zu Schöneberg 1890-1945. History of a school . Berlin 1965
  • The Royal Prince Heinrich High School in Schöneberg near Berlin . In: Zeitschrift für Bauwesen , Volume 45 (1895), Col. 21–26, Plates 1–3. Digitized in the holdings of the Central and State Library Berlin .

Web links

Commons : Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Friedrich-List-Schule - Oberstufenzentrum: Current information , accessed on January 10, 2018.
  2. ^ Heinz Stallmann: The Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium zu Schöneberg 1890–1945. History of a school . Berlin 1965, p. 22f.
  3. ^ Ernst Herrmann: A school trip to Rome . In: Annual report of the Königlichen Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium for the school year 1899/1900 . Berlin 1900 urn : nbn: de: hbz: 061: 1-371213 }.
  4. ^ Heinz Stallmann: The Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium zu Schöneberg 1890–1945. History of a school . Berlin 1965, p. 28f.
  5. ^ Heinz Stallmann: The Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium zu Schöneberg 1890–1945. History of a school . Berlin 1965, p. 31f.
  6. ^ Heinz Stallmann: The Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium zu Schöneberg 1890–1945. History of a school . Berlin 1965, p. 34.
  7. ^ Heinz Stallmann: The Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium zu Schöneberg 1890–1945. History of a school . Berlin 1965, pp. 37-40.
  8. ^ Heinz Stallmann: The Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium zu Schöneberg 1890–1945. History of a school . Berlin 1965, p. 40.
  9. ^ Heinz Stallmann: The Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium zu Schöneberg 1890–1945. History of a school . Berlin 1965, pp. 41-44.
  10. ^ Heinz Stallmann: The Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium zu Schöneberg 1890–1945. History of a school . Berlin 1965, pp. 46-50.
  11. ^ Heinz Stallmann: The Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium zu Schöneberg 1890–1945. History of a school . Berlin 1965, p. 53.
  12. ^ Heinz Stallmann: The Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium zu Schöneberg 1890–1945. History of a school . Berlin 1965, p. 57f.
  13. ^ Heinz Stallmann: The Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium zu Schöneberg 1890–1945. History of a school . Berlin 1965, p. 58.
  14. ^ Heinz Stallmann: The Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium zu Schöneberg 1890–1945. History of a school . Berlin 1965, p. 59.
  15. ^ Heinz Stallmann: The Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium zu Schöneberg 1890–1945. History of a school . Berlin 1965, pp. 60f.
  16. ^ Heinz Stallmann: The Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium zu Schöneberg 1890–1945. History of a school . Berlin 1965, p. 61.
  17. ^ Heinz Stallmann: The Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium zu Schöneberg 1890–1945. History of a school . Berlin 1965, p. 62.
  18. ^ Heinz Stallmann: The Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium zu Schöneberg 1890–1945. History of a school . Berlin 1965, p. 63.
  19. ^ Heinz Stallmann: The Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium zu Schöneberg 1890–1945. History of a school . Berlin 1965, p. 64.
  20. ↑ Handbook of the historical book inventory: Berlin . Part 1, Hildesheim 1995, p. 193.
  21. ^ Heinz Stallmann: The Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium zu Schöneberg 1890–1945. History of a school . Berlin 1965, p. 64f.
  22. ^ Heinz Stallmann: The Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium zu Schöneberg 1890–1945. History of a school . Berlin 1965, p. 65.
  23. ^ Heinz Stallmann: The Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium zu Schöneberg 1890–1945. History of a school . Berlin 1965, p. 65.
  24. ↑ Anna Freud School - contact details , accessed on January 10, 2018.


Coordinates: 52 ° 29 '20 "  N , 13 ° 21' 5.9"  E