Pulkau (river)
| Pulkau | ||
 The Pulkau in the city of Pulkau |
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| Data | ||
| location | Lower Austria ( Austria ) | |
| River system | Danube | |
| Drain over | Thaya → March → Danube → Black Sea | |
| source | near Pernegg in the Waldviertel 48 ° 45 ′ 43 ″ N , 15 ° 37 ′ 9 ″ E |
|
| Source height | approx. 540 m above sea level A. | |
| muzzle | at Laa an der Thaya in the Thaya Coordinates: 48 ° 44 ′ 9 ″ N , 16 ° 20 ′ 51 ″ E 48 ° 44 ′ 9 ″ N , 16 ° 20 ′ 51 ″ E |
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| Mouth height | 177 m above sea level A. | |
| Height difference | approx. 363 m | |
| Bottom slope | approx. 7 ‰ | |
| length | 52 km | |
| Catchment area | 533.6 km² | |
| Drain |
MQ |
300 l / s |
| Small towns | Pulkau , Laa an der Thaya | |
| Communities | Seefeld-Kadolz , Großharras | |
 West of Pulkau , the river winds through a valley cut deep into the Bohemian Massif with several former mills and is largely unregulated. |
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 The Mühlbach aqueduct |
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The Pulkau is a river that rises in the eastern Waldviertel, flows through the northern Weinviertel in Lower Austria with a west-east course and flows into the Thaya at Laa . The length is 52 kilometers, the average flow rate 0.3 m³ / s (near Zwingendorf ).
The name Pulkau is of Germanic origin: the term * Fulkahwa is divided into * fulka (= people) and * ahwo (= water) and could mean "river where a lot of people live".
For the undulating hilly landscape of the Weinviertel, the Pulkau valley is relatively deeply dug. The difference in altitude to some of the elevations around the Wartberg is up to 100 meters.
geography
Headwaters
The Pulkau originally arose north of the village of Ludweishofen in the political district of Horn in the eastern Waldviertel in a wet meadow . Due to drainage measures, however, their water only comes to the surface today southeast of Ludweishofen at the confluence with an artificially created channel from a pipe.
Upper course
In the upper reaches, the Pulkau is a strongly meandering, largely natural forest and wet meadow stream, which flows as a "local stream" through Raisdorf, Hötzelsdorf , Walkenstein , Brugg.
Middle course
From Brugg the Pulkau begins to cut deeper and deeper into the gneiss and to flow past places like Therasburg and Missingdorf. The Pulkau is largely inaccessible and at most accessible by hiking trails. The Neudegg ruin is also located here and, after Pulkau, there are also numerous mills.
Lower course
At Pulkau the river emerges from this incised valley and at the same time into the Weinviertel. It flows through Rohrendorf , Dietmannsdorf, Deinzendorf, Zellerndorf , Watzelsdorf, Pernersdorf , Karlsdorf , Peigarten , Jetzelsdorf , Auggenthal, Haugsdorf , Alberndorf , Untermarkersdorf , Hadres , Obritz , Seefeld-Kadolz , Zwingendorf , Wulzeshofen and Laa an der Thaya . The Pulkautal Straße B 45 and the former Pulkautalbahn run parallel to the course of the river between Pulkau and Laa an der Thaya .
muzzle
Shortly before the confluence with the Thaya , about two kilometers northwest of Laa an der Thaya , the Pulkau is crossed by the Thayamühlbach in the listed Mühlbachaqueduct.
environment
The Pulkau used to meander and was surrounded by extensive wetlands . From the end of the 18th century, the water body began to be straightened and lowered. The river has been degraded to a drainage ditch, the task of which is to drain the water as quickly as possible. On the one hand, this should protect the settlements against floods and, above all, enable more intensive agricultural use of the river area. Since wetlands and backwaters serve as receiving waters during floods and dampen the flood peaks in the places downstream, the measures have on the contrary increased the risk of flooding in many places. In addition, valuable habitats for animal and plant species that have now become rare have been destroyed and biodiversity has been reduced. The Teichgraben near Pulkau is one of the few still intact wetlands today and is considered the most important meadow area in the northern Weinviertel. At Zwingendorf there are extremely remarkable salt habitats .
fauna
In the upper reaches of the Pulkau, the habitat in the river is inhabited by the brown trout , the brook loach , formerly inhabited by the crayfish . The black stork and today the otter again occur.
Water quality
From the town of Pulkau (Weinviertel), the Pulkau was severely straightened and denatured in the 1950s, which, in addition to pollution from agriculture (e.g. a large animal breeding company in Seefeld-Kadolz ) and the waste water from a chemical factory ( Jungbunzlauer in Pernhofen), is the reason for the poor water quality of the river is.
Between the town of Pulkau , where the river of the same name leaves the Waldviertel and reaches the Weinviertel , and the mouth, the river has a water quality of quality class III (heavily polluted). The Pulkau from Laa also pollutes the Thaya , whose water quality drops from II (near Drosendorf) to II-III. This was also noted critically by the Austrian Court of Auditors during an audit of the National Park Thaya project.
A study between June and September 2001 found that typical widespread vegetation is an indicator of polluted and polluted waters. Since then, renaturation projects have been running to improve the water quality.
Protected areas
Landscape protection area Upper Pulkautal
The Upper Pulkautal conservation area is located at the transition from the Waldviertel to the Weinviertel. It was decided in 1973 on the size of 3,823 hectares.
FFH area western Weinviertel
The fauna-flora-habitat area Westliches Weinviertel was issued in 2010.
Western Weinviertel bird sanctuary
The European protected area includes properties in the Pulkautal and was also issued in 2010 to protect the listed breeding bird species, migrants and winter visitors.
Flood
In 2010 the Pulkau burst its banks three times. Zellerndorf and Hadres were particularly affected , the last time in early August.
For this reason, retention basins were created to provide more protection.
various
- In 1953, in Vienna-Floridsdorf , Pulkaugasse was named after the river.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ BMLFUW (Hrsg.): Area directory of the river areas: Danube area from the Enns to the Leitha. In: Contributions to Austria's Hydrography Issue 62, Vienna 2014, p. 139. PDF download , accessed on July 8, 2018.
- ↑ a b Heinz Wiesbauer and Manuel Denner: Wetlands - Natural and Cultural History of the Weinviertel Waters , Vienna 2013 (published by the Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management and the Office of the Lower Austrian Provincial Government, Department of Water Management)
- ^ Federal Environment Agency (ed.): Salt habitats in Austria . (PDF; 3.8 MB) Vienna 2006. ISBN 3-85457-800-8 . P. 22 f., 183 f.
- ^ Franz Xaver Schweickhardt: "Representation of the Archduchy of Austria under the Ens, district above the Manhartsberg", Dominion Drosendorf to Strahlbach, 5th volume, Anton Benko, 1840, p. 127
- ↑ Long-term evaluation of the trans-boundary problems of Dyje / Thaya River pollution by the Austrian tributary Pulkava / Pulkau ( Memento of the original from January 16, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 6.2 MB)
- ↑ Landscape protection areas in Lower Austria
- ^ FFH area western Weinviertel
- ↑ The West Weinviertel bird sanctuary
- ↑ Severe storms in the district: around 1000 fire brigade members on duty! ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the website of the Hollabrunn district fire brigade command on August 7th, accessed on August 31, 2010
- ^ "Urgestein" Karl Weber announces farewell on September 7, 2017, accessed on January 21, 2018.
