Volcanic rabbit
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Volcanic rabbit ( Romerolagus diazi ) |
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| Merriam , 1896 | ||||||||||||
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| ( Ferrari-Pérez in Diáz , 1893) |
The volcanic rabbit ( Romerolagus diazi ) is a species of mammal from the rabbit family (Leporidae). It is one of the smallest species in the family and is only endemic to the mountainous region in central Mexico , where it is known as Zacatuche or Teporingo . There it lives mainly in the area of the Popocatépetl and Iztaccíhuatl volcanoes , which is also referred to by its German and English common name . The animals are uniformly yellow-brown to black in color, they have comparatively short ears and the tail is not externally visible. They live in the undergrowth of pine and alder forests at heights of 2800 to 4250 meters, the habitats being strongly characterized by dense tufted grasses ("zacatón") and stony to rocky subsoil.
The animals form groups of two to five individuals and feed on grasses and herbs. They dig burrows in the forest floor or use the abandoned caves of other animal species. An average of two young animals are mainly born between April and September. The species is under strict protection and is classified as threatened due to its very small distribution area.
features
general characteristics
The volcanic rabbit has a head-torso length of around 23 to 35 centimeters and a weight of around 380 to 600 grams. The only smaller member of his family is the dwarf rabbit ( Brachylagus idahoensis ) that lives in the western United States . A sexual dimorphism is pronounced only slightly, the females are usually slightly larger than the males. The tail is very short and not visible from the outside; as with the pika it is covered by a flap of skin. The length of the caudal vertebrae is about 18 to 31 millimeters. The hind legs and feet are comparatively small, the hind foot length averages around 51 millimeters with a variance of 42 to 55 millimeters. The ears are small and rounded, they reach a length of 40 to 45 millimeters.
The fur is very short and dense, it is uniformly dark yellow-brown to gray or black in color on the back. The bases and the tips of the fur hair are black and the middle part is yellow. The throat, chest and belly are lighter sandy brown with a dark gray undercoat. On the chest there is a "mane" made of somewhat longer and softer hair, the color of which corresponds to the rest of the chest hair and does not stand out from it. The hind legs and feet are short, the tops of the front feet are light sand yellow, those of the hind feet are brown. The feet each have five toes, even if their tracks often only show four toes. The sides of the nose and the eye region are light sand brown, the base of the short and round ears is a little darker sand brown. Behind the ears is an indistinct triangle of yellowish hair.
The females have three pairs of teats , one each in the chest, abdomen and loin area. During breastfeeding, the mammary glands swell to a thickness of about one millimeter and form two strips, each two centimeters wide, which connect the two front teats. The females never produce milk in all teats and generally have four alternating active teats.
Skull features
| 2 | · | 0 | · | 3 | · | 3 | = 28 |
| 1 | · | 0 | · | 2 | · | 3 |
The skull reaches a total length of about 45 to 47 millimeters and a maximum width of 25 to 27 millimeters in the area of the zygomatic arches . Its general structure corresponds to that of a typical rabbit-like. The length of the nasal bones is about 22 to 25 millimeters with a width of 9.5 to 11.5 millimeters and the palatine bone is elongated with a length of about 6 to 8 millimeters compared to other species. The typical postorbital process of some rabbits , a protruding bone behind the eye, is only briefly developed in this species. The tympanic cavities are not enlarged and correspond in size to the foramen magnum . The ear canals , on the other hand, are longer than other rabbits and reach a length of 5.2 to 6.4 millimeters.
The animals have in the upper jaw , two each front teeth (incisors) followed by a longer tooth gap ( diastema ) and three Vorbackenzähnen (Praemolares) and three molars (molars). In addition to the three molars, there are only one incisor and only two premolars in the lower jaw. The animals have a total of 28 teeth. The length of the row of teeth is about 10 to 12 millimeters.
Genetic traits
The karyotype consists of a diploid chromosome set of 2n = 48 chromosomes with an arm number (fundamental number, FN) of 78. It corresponds to that of all representatives of the genus Lepus as well as that of the shrub rabbit ( Sylvilagus bachmani ) and is regarded as an original characteristic, with other species of the genera Sylvilagus and other rabbit species have a variable number of chromosomes from 2n = 42 to 52. It is a karyotype with 16 metacentric and 7 telocentric chromosomes and two large sex chromosomes (subtelocentric X and metacentric Y ).
traces
The most important traces of the volcanic rabbits are footprints and droppings. The former usually consist of prints of the front and rear feet, mostly only four toes are recognizable. The front footprints are about 3 centimeters long and the rear footprints are about 4.6 centimeters long, the width of both is about 1.5 centimeters. Step seals on running volcanic rabbits are the same as other rabbits, but because of their smaller size, they are closer together. The forefeet usually comes up with a distance of 10 to 12 centimeters behind the last rear footprints. The feces pills of the animals are lens-shaped with a diameter of 5 to 9 millimeters. Fresh pills are ocher and soft, later they turn yellow and dry. They can mainly be found near animal burrows and main paths.
distribution
The volcanic rabbit is endemic to central Mexico. The distribution area is limited to the mountainous region in the transmexican volcanic belt around the volcanoes Popocatépetl , Iztaccíhuatl , El Pelado and Tlaloc ( Sierra Volcánica Transversal ) in Morelos , in the west of Puebla and in the southern outskirts of Mexico City ("Federal District"). During intensive searches in the adjacent areas in the 1980s, no further occurrences could be identified. The total area of the distribution area is a maximum of about 386 square kilometers, which makes the volcanic rabbit probably the most narrowly delimited distribution area of all mammals in Mexico. Historically, the area was somewhat larger: the species has disappeared from the eastern foothills of the Iztaccihuatl and the Nevado de Toluca , among others ; In addition, the area is increasingly shrinking due to the fragmentation and change of use in the region.
Way of life and ecology
Habitats
The habitat of the volcanic rabbit is pine and, more rarely, alder forests at high altitudes with dense undergrowth of tall and densely growing tufted grasses ("zacatón") and a stony to rocky subsoil, interspersed with areas with dark and deep soils. The altitude distribution of the species is between 2800 and 4250 meters, the highest population density is, however, at heights of 3150 to 3400 meters. It also inhabits areas with sudden and steep slopes. These habitats in the border area between the Nearctic and Neotropical zones are characterized by warm and humid summers and cold and dry winters, the annual rainfall averages 1330 millimeters and the average temperature over the year around 9.5 ° Celsius. The vegetation consists mainly of up to 25 meters high stands of the Montezuma pine ( Pinus montezumae ), partly interspersed with other pine species such as Pinus hartwegii , Pinus teocote , Pinus rudis , Pinus patula and Pinus pseudostrobus . The undergrowth consists of up to 5 meter high grasses, mainly species such as Muhlenbergia macroura , Festuca amplissima , Festuca rosei , Stipa ichu and Epicampus species. There are also secondary stocks of the alder Alnus acuminata subsp. arguta (Syn. Alnus arguta ) with heights of up to 12 meters and the palm-like agave species Furcraea bedinghausii , which grows up to 6 meters high, as well as an undergrowth of buddleia ( Buddleja ), blackberries ( Rubus ), water dost ( Eupatorium ) and other herbaceous plants. Together with the grasses, the edition reaches heights of 2 to 5 meters with a high proportion of grasses and herbs. The volcanic rabbit also rarely populates fields with seed oats ( Avena sativa ) and leaves them after the oat harvest at the beginning of October.
Social behavior and diet
Volcanic rabbits often live in small groups of two to five individuals. They are predominantly crepuscular in the evening and early morning, but can also be found outside their burrows during the day and at night. However, you avoid the midday heat. During these times, they forage for food and engage in other activities, including "running after", "fighting" and "playing". The animals' diet consists of green leaves of available grasses and herbs, especially the "zacatón" grasses Festuca amplissima , Festuca rosei , Muhlenbergia macroura and Stipa ichu . There are also herbs such as Cunita tritifolium , Alchemilla sebaldiaefolia and Museniopsis arguta . The rabbits usually eat the young and still green shoots of the grass and bite off the leaves at the base of the stem. During the rainy seasons, the animals also eat young oat and maize plants in agricultural areas near their burrows.
They spend their rest periods in the buildings, the hidden entrances of which are at the base of tufts of grass. These burrows are up to 5 meters long and often have several exits, and the groups often share a common burrow. The burrows have a maximum length of about five meters and are seldom straight because of the stony subsoil. Some of them are not dug themselves, but come from other burrowing animals in the habitats such as the silver badger ( Taxidea taxus ), the rock goblet ( Otospermophilus variegatus ), the nine-banded armadillo ( Dasypus novemcinctus ) or the Merriam pocket rat ( Cratogeomys merriami ). Caves between stones and logs or holes in the ground are also used as temporary shelter. The nests for the young animals are made by the females in a flat burrow, which is usually dug into the ground at the base of tufts of grass; the nest entrance is hidden under plant material. Nests in the area of rubble and stones are also rarely found. A single nest is about 15 centimeters in diameter and about 11 centimeters high. Dry vegetation such as grass, leaves and twigs, which are padded with the mother's hair, are used as nest material.
Within their groups, hierarchies with a dominant female have been observed, usually one male and a maximum of one or two females are sexually active. They communicate with one another with variable and high-pitched whistling tones, which are reminiscent of those of the whistling hares and are not pronounced in other hares and rabbits , as well as by drumming their hind paws. According to individual observations, the ringing frequency increases after rain.
Aggression has been observed within captive groups, usually emanating from dominant females and mostly directed against other females and less often against males.
Reproduction and development
There is no set mating and breeding season for the volcanic rabbits, they can give birth to offspring all year round. The males are able to reproduce all year round , their testicles are accordingly in the scrotum for the whole year . The peak of the births is in the warm and rainy summer, however pregnant females have been identified from January to October and lactating females from February to December. In captivity, the males usually mate with the same female and only when this is no longer available with another female. The copulation can take place throughout the day. To mate, the male usually approaches the female from behind and stops there, often sniffing the female's hind legs and rump. Then the female turns around to the male and flanks it and several quick circumnavigations follow before the male mounts the female and mates with a few pelvic thrusts.
The nests for the young are mainly found between April and September. The gestation period is around 38 to 41 days, which is slightly longer than that of most cottontail rabbits and pigeon hares , but shorter than that of real hares . The litter size is one to (rarely) five, on average two, young animals. It corresponds to that of hare species of the genus Lepus , but differs significantly from the large litters of cottontail rabbits ( Sylvilagus ) and wild rabbits ( Oryctolagus ). The birth almost always takes place at night. The young are completely hairy and born with their eyes closed, which they open after four to eight days. They have a body length of about 8 to 10 centimeters with a tail 8 to 10 millimeters in length and a weight of about 25 grams. Their back color is dull gray, the color of the head and the sides of the body is yellowish with individual white areas on the flanks. The tail is still visible and not covered by a flap of skin, as in the adult animals. The feet have strong, dark brown claws. The young animals spend the first two weeks of life in the burrow and are breastfed by the mother. The mother usually only gives milk to four of the six teats. After about three weeks the young animals start to eat solid food and after one month they are independent, but can still get milk from their mother for a while. You leave the burrow weighing about 100 grams. The dams can become pregnant again immediately after the last litter and while the young are being reared. Since several females still breastfeeding were identified who were also pregnant, it is assumed that the females ovulate after birth, after which they are fertile again.
Interactions with other species
Within the distribution area, the volcanic rabbit appears sympatric with two species of cottontail rabbit , the Mexican cottontail rabbit ( Sylvilagus cunicularius ) and the Florida cottontail rabbit ( S. floridanus ). The two genera occur together in about 8% of the area, but the volcanic rabbit lives mainly in the higher elevations.
Just like the cottontail rabbits, the volcanic rabbit is an important prey for the coyotes ( Canis latrans cagottis ) and bobcats ( Lynx rufus escuinapae ) living in the region . The proportion of volcanic rabbits in the prey of both species is lower than that of the cottontail rabbits, however the rarer occurrence they are captured less often. This is mainly attributed to their small size and activity during twilight rather than at night. Other predators that prey on volcanic rabbits are the long-tailed weasel (Mustela frenata perotae), the Mexican plateau rattlesnake ( Crotalus triseriatus ) and the red-tailed buzzard ( Buteo jamaicensis costaricensis ).
As endoparasite of were nematode Paraheligmonella romerolagi from the small intestine held wild and in captivity volcano rabbit and Teporingonema cerropeladoensis and Dermatoxys romerolagi isolated as species-specific parasites from the volcano rabbit and described. In addition, with Trichostrongylus calcaratus , Trichostrongylus tatertaeformis , Trichuris leporis and Dermatoxys veligera, further nematodes were identified as endoparasites that can infest animals in the wild and in zoos . Among the tapeworms , Cittotania ctenoides and Multiceps serialis were found in the intestinal tract of the species, and the new species Anoplocephaloides romerolagi was isolated from the bile duct of the species and described. Also coccidia as Eimeria perforans , Eimeria coecicola and Eimeria stiedae that a coccidiosis of rabbits cause, were found in the internal organs and faecal pellets of animals.
As with other small mammals, fleas and ticks are particularly relevant among the ectoparasites . Flea and tick infestations occur in the animals all year round and are particularly strong in the warm and humid summers, with the ticks mainly in the ears and face. Cediopsylla inequalis , Strepsylla mina and other Strepsylla species were found among the fleas, and Cediopsylla tepolita and Hoplopsyllus pectinatus were newly described. The species-specific tick Cheyletiella mexicanus was newly described in 1979, and Cheyletiella parasitivorax and Ixodes spinipalpis were identified on the species. Further ectoparasites on volcanic rabbits are unspecified running mites (Trombiculidae) and botflies (Cuterebridae), whose larvae live under the skin.
Systematics
Taxonomy and taxonomy history
The volcanic rabbit is assigned to the hares (Leporidae) as an independent and only species of the genus Romerolagus, which is monotypical . The first scientific description of the species was made in 1891 by Fernando Ferrari-Pérez as Lepus diazi from the area around San Martin Texmelucan from the northeast slope of the Iztaccíhuatl volcano in Puebla, Mexico. The species was listed and illustrated as a newly described species as part of a catalog to record the geography of the region by the Comision Geografico Exploradora under the direction of the engineer Augustín Diáz under the name "Conejo del volcán", but not described in more detail.
In 1896, Clinton Hart Merriam described the genus Romerolagus and therein the species Romerolagus nelsoni from Popocatépetl as a nomenclatory type . The types were collected by Edward William Nelson , after whom he named the species, and Edward Alphonso Goldman . Romerolagus nelsoni was synonymous with Lepus diazi by Gerrit Smith Miller in 1911 and named with the species name Romerolagus diazi , which is valid today . Gerrit Smith Miller, however, assigned the first description to Diáz and argued that the latter published the publication with the first description. Together with Ferrari-Pérez, he examined other individuals of the species and compared them with the types of Merriam in order to be able to make a reliable synonymization. It was not until 1955 that P. Rojas proposed to use "(Ferrari-Pérez in Diáz)" as the first descriptor for Romerolagus diazi in accordance with the rules of the International Rules for Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) .
Phylogenetic classification
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Phylogenetic systematics of the rabbits according to Matthee et al. 2004 and Robinson & Mathee 2005
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There are no fossil records for the volcanic rabbit and any potential ancestors. During investigations in the distribution area, only the remains of Sylvilagus floridiana and Sylvilagus cunicularius could be identified.
On the basis of molecular biological data, Conrad A. Matthee et al. In 2004 and later by Robinson & Mathee in 2005, a cladogram was developed that shows the phylogenetic relationships between the genera within the hares. Accordingly, the volcano rabbit is within the rabbit a taxon consisting of the Real rabbits (genus Lepus ), the cottontail rabbit (genus Sylvilagus ), the dwarf rabbits , the rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ), the bristle rabbits ( Caprolagus hispidus ), the Buschmann rabbits ( Bunolagus monticularis ) and contrasted with the Ryukyu rabbit ( Pentalagus furnessi ) as a basal species. The bush rabbit ( Poelagus marjorita ), the red rabbit ( Pronolagus ) and the striped rabbit ( Nesolagus ) form the sister group to the other hares. The cariotype is original, a closer relationship of the species to the genus Sylvilagus than to the genus Lepus was confirmed by comparing different allozymes .
The volcanic rabbit is monotypical , within the species no subspecies are differentiated apart from the nominate form .
etymology
Fernando Ferrari-Pérez named the volcanic rabbit after Augustín Diáz, the leader of the geographic expedition in Mexico. The generic name Romerolagus , later followed by Clinton Hart Merriam, is derived from the name of the Mexican politician Martín Romero , who supported Nelson and Goldman in their work in Mexico, as well as from the Greek name for the hare, "lagos". Although the English name "volcano rabbit" is generally used internationally or "Vulkankaninchen" in German-speaking countries, the species is usually referred to as Zacatuche or, more rarely, Teporingo in its distribution area. The local name Zacatuche comes from the Aztec language and means "grass hare", derived from "zacatl" for "grass" and "tochtli" for "hare". There is no information about the meaning of the name Teporingo, which is also used.
Threat and protection
The species is classified as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) due to its very small distribution area and the strong decline in populations. The main threat to the species came from the transformation of its habitat into fields and pastures and the associated fragmentation and habitat degradation through grazing and agricultural use of the areas. In addition, there is the removal of the Zacatón grasses and the slash and burn of the Zacatón grasses in order to prepare new usable areas or to improve the grazing conditions for cattle and sheep as well as the removal of the grasses for domestic use. The proximity to Mexico City and the expansion of the suburbs into the distribution areas of the species also lead to habitat losses and population declines. Another fragmentation is caused by the construction of roads and highways. It is estimated that the available habitats have declined by 15 to 20% over the last three generations of rabbits. Population estimates assume a total population of approximately 2,500 to 12,000 animals.
Their distribution area is now fragmented into a few, according to more specific information 16, small spots in which the animals are genetically isolated from one another. This fragmented distribution increases the risk of local extermination of individual populations and the associated further decline in populations. A landscape modeling in 2018 identified a total area of 75.44 km 2 , which is potentially available as a habitat for the species, divided into 957 individual areas of usually around 2500 m 2 in size. Above all, the region on the Pelado and the Tlaloc was designated as a retreat for the animals, which is already considered the core habitat for the species. Although the species is protected in Mexico and hunting is prohibited, it is sometimes still hunted by the local population as a source of meat, and young animals are also often killed by dogs.
The volcanic rabbit was one of the first species of hare-like to be the focus of species protection. Together with the bristle rabbit ( Caprolagus hispidus ), the Sumatran rabbit ( Nesolagus netscheri ) and the Ryukyu rabbit ( Pentalagus furnessi ) it was already represented in the IUCN Reda Data Books in 1972 and 1978 and listed as an endangered species. It is listed on Appendix I of the Washington Convention on the Protection of Species (CITES) from 1973 and is therefore strictly protected. Import into and trade in the United States is also prohibited. It occurs in the Parque Nacional Izta-Popo-Zoquiapan , but here too it is not sufficiently protected from slash and burn and hunting, and the local population is not very well informed about the special protection of animals. To protect stocks, captive breeding programs have been started, especially at the Chapultepec Zoo (Zoológico de Chapultepec) in Mexico City, the Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, as well as Kawasaki in Japan and Antwerp Zoo in Belgium. The programs were and are partially successful, but the mortality of the young animals in captivity is very high.
supporting documents
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Fernando A. Cervantes, Consuelo Lorenzo, Robert S. Hoffmann: Romerolagus diazi . In: Mammalian Species . tape 360 , 1990, pp. 1-7 . , doi : 10.2307 / 3504131 , JSTOR 3504131 , full text
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p S.C. Shai-Braun, K. Hackländer: Volcano Rabbit. In: Don E. Wilson, TE Lacher, Jr., Russell A. Mittermeier (Eds.): Handbook of the Mammals of the World: Lagomorphs and Rodents 1. (HMW, Volume 6) Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2016, p. 111 -112, ISBN 978-84-941892-3-4 .
- ^ A b Francisco J. Romero, Fernando A. Cervantes: Zacatuche, Teporingo, Volcano rabbit. In: Gerardo Ceballos: Mammals of Mexico. JHU Press, 2014; Pp. 121-125. ( Google Books )
- ↑ a b c J. Hoth, A. Velazquez, FJ Romero, L. Leon: The volcano rabbit — a shrinking distribution and a threatened habitat. Oryx 21 (2) April 1987; Pp. 85-91. doi : 10.1017 / S0030605300026600 , full text .
- ↑ a b c d e f Romerolagus diazi in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012.2. Listed by: Mexican Association for Conservation and Study of Lagomorphs (AMCELA), FJ Romero Malpica, H. Rangel Cordero, PC de Grammont, AD Cuarón, 2008. Retrieved January 14, 2013.
- ↑ Juan Manuel Uriostegui-Velarde, Zuri Samuel Vera-García, Luis Gerardo Ávila-Torresagatón, Areli Rizo-Aguilar, Mircea G. Hidalgo-Mihart, José Antonio Guerrero: Importancia del conejo zacatuche (Romerolagus diazi) en la dieta del coyote (Canis lastrans) y del lince (Lynx rufus). Therya 6 (3), 2015; Pp. 609-624. doi : 10.12933 / therya-15-306 .
- ^ Fernando Alfredo Cervantes-Reza: Some Predators of the Zacatuche (Romerolagus diazi). Journal of Mammalogy 62 (4), 1981; Pp. 850-851. doi : 10.2307 / 1380613 .
- ^ Marie-Claude Durette-Desset, Alberto Santos, III: Carolinensis tuffi sp. n. (Nematoda: Trichostrongylina: Heligmosomoidea) from the White-Ankled Mouse, Peromyscus pectoralis Osgood (Rodentia: Cricetidae) from Texas, USA Comparative Parasitology 67 (1), 2000; Pp. 66–70, online PDF , 10.6 MB (entire issue).
- ↑ Lynda M. Gibbons, V. Kumar: Boreostrongylus romerolagi n.sp. (Nematoda, Heligmonellidae) from a Mexican volcano rabbit, Romerolagus diazi. Systematic Parasitology 1 (2) January 1980; Pp. 117-122. doi : 10.1007 / BF00009857 .
- ↑ Eileen A. Harris: Some helminths of the volcano rabbit Romerolagus diazi, including a description of the nematode Teporingonema cerropeladoensis gen. Nov., Sp. nov. (Trichostrongylidae: Libyostrongylinae). Journal of Natural History 19 (6), 1985; Pp. 1239-1248. doi : 10.1080 / 00222938500770791 .
- ↑ Masao Kamiya, Hiroshi Suzuki, Bernand Villa-R, Bernand: A new anoplocephaline cestode, Anoplocephaloides romerolagi sp. n. parasitic in the volcano rabbit, Romerolagus diazi. Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research 27 (3-4), 1979; Pp. 67-71. Full text , doi : 10.14943 / jjvr.27.3-4.67 .
- ↑ Douglas E. Norris, JSH Klompen, James E. Keirans, Robert S. Lane, Joseph Piesman, William C. Black, IV: Taxonomic Status of Ixodes neotomae and I. spinipalpis (Acari: Ixodidae) Based on Mitochondrial DNA Evidence. Journal of Medical Entomology 34 (6), 1997; Pp. 696-703, doi : 10.1093 / jmedent / 34.6.696 .
- ↑ Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (eds.): Romerolagus diazi in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed).
- ^ First description by Ferrari-Pérez, In: Augustín Diáz: Catálogo de los objetos que componen el contingente de la Comisión, precedido de algunas notas sobre su organización y trabajos. Comision Geografico Exploradora, Republica Mexicana, Mexico, Distrito Federal, 1893 ( download from archive.org); Listed on p. 23, illustration in the table.
- ↑ Clinton Hart Merriam : Romerolagus nelsoni, a new genus and species of rabbit from Mt. Popocatepetl. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 10, 1896; Pp. 169-174. ( Digitized in the Biodiversity Heritage Library)
- ↑ Gerrit Smith Miller : The volcano rabbit of Mt. Iztaccihuatl. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 24, 1911; Pp. 228-229.
- ^ A b Conrad A. Matthee, Bettine Jansen Van Vuuren, Diana Bell, Terence J. Robinson: A Molecular Supermatrix of the Rabbits and Hares (Leporidae) Allows for the Identification of Five Intercontinental Exchanges During the Miocene. Systematic Biology 53 (3); Pp. 433-447. ( Abstract )
- ↑ Terence J. Robinson, Conrad A. Matthee: Phylogeny and evolutionary origins of the Leporidae: a review of cytogenetics, molecular analyzes and a supermatrix analysis. Mammal Review 35 (3-4), December 19, 2005; Pp. 231-247. doi : 10.1111 / j.1365-2907.2005.00073.x
- ↑ Andrew T. Smith, Charlotte H. Johnston, Paulo C. Alves, Klaus Hackländer: Lagomorphs: Pikas, Rabbits, and Hares of the World. JHU Press, January 2018; Pp. 114-117. ( Google Books )
- ↑ Juan M Uriostegui-Velarde, Alberto González-Romero, Eduardo Pineda Rafael, Reyna-Hurtado Areli, Rizo-Aguilar José, Antonio Guerrero: Configuration of the volcano rabbit (Romerolagus diazi) landscape in the Ajusco-Chichinautzin Mountain Range. Journal of Mammalogy 99 (1), February 2018; Pp. 263-272. doi : 10.1093 / jmammal / gyx174 .
- ↑ Andrew T. Smith: Conservation of Endangered Lagomorphs. In: Paulo C. Alves, Nuno Ferrand, Klaus Hackländer (Eds.): Lagomorph Biology: Evolution, Ecology, and Conservation. Springer Verlag 2007; Pp. 296-297. ISBN 978-3-540-72446-9
literature
- SC Shai-Braun, K. Hackländer: Volcano Rabbit. In: Don E. Wilson, TE Lacher, Jr., Russell A. Mittermeier (Eds.): Handbook of the Mammals of the World: Lagomorphs and Rodents 1. (HMW, Volume 6) Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2016, p. 111 -112, ISBN 978-84-941892-3-4 .
- Fernando A. Cervantes, Consuelo Lorenzo, Robert S. Hoffmann: Romerolagus diazi . In: Mammalian Species . tape 360 , 1990, pp. 1–7 ( full text (PDF; 934 kB)).
- John E. Fa, Diana J. Bell: The Volcano Rabbit Romerolagus diazi. In: Joseph A. Chapman, John EC Flux (Eds.): Rabbits, Hares and Pikas. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. (PDF; 11.3 MB) International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), Gland 1990; Pp. 105-106. ISBN 2-8317-0019-1 .
- Francisco J. Romero, Fernando A. Cervantes: Zacatuche, Teporingo, Volcano rabbit. In: Gerardo Ceballos: Mammals of Mexico. JHU Press, 2014; Pp. 121-125. ( Google Books )
Web links
- Romerolagus diazi inthe IUCN 2017-3 Red List of Threatened Species . Listed by: Mexican Association for Conservation and Study of Lagomorphs (AMCELA), FJ Romero Malpica, H. Rangel Cordero, PC de Grammont, AD Cuarón, 2008. Retrieved February 27, 2018.
