Rudolf Virchow Children's Hospital & Geriatric Home

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Rudolf Virchow Children's Hospital & Geriatric Home
Surgical pavilion on Reinickendorfer Strasse

Surgical pavilion on Reinickendorfer Strasse

Data
place Berlin-Wedding , Reinickendorfer Strasse 61/62 / Iranische Strasse 7 / Groninger Strasse 38–46 / Oudenarder Strasse 10–11 / Seestrasse 73
architect Architects 'firm Heino Schmieden , Victor von Weltzien and Rudolf Speer
Friedrich Hellwig (nurses' home)
Client Kaiser Friedrich Foundation / Magistrate of Berlin
Architectural style North German baroque
Construction year Designed in 1883, opened on July 5, 1890
Coordinates 52 ° 33 '16.9 "  N , 13 ° 21' 49.4"  E Coordinates: 52 ° 33 '16.9 "  N , 13 ° 21' 49.4"  E

The Rudolf Virchow Children's Hospital & Geriatric Home (since opening in 1890: Kaiser- und Kaiserin-Friedrich Children's Hospital , from 1945 to 1963: City Children's Hospital Wedding , 1963 to 1995: Rudolf Virchow Children's Hospital ) in the Berlin district of Wedding ( Mitte district ) on Reinickendorfer Straße is a former children's hospital that made a significant contribution to combating child mortality .

Today it houses part of the Virchow Klinikum (CVK) campus, Reinickendorfer Straße 61-62 (Clinic for Geriatrics and Geriatric Medicine ) and the Evangelical Geriatric Center Berlin (EGZB) .

history

Hospital plan 1890

Under the impression of the high child mortality and to prevent the spread of contagious diseases, Adolf Baginsky and Rudolf Virchow pushed ahead with the establishment of a children's hospital and finally founded it. Virchow had initiated the construction and was also chairman of the construction committee established to build the hospital. The property at Reinickendorfer Strasse 61/62, Iranischer Strasse , Seestrasse , Groninger Strasse and Oudenarder Strasse was made available by the City of Berlin, which also transferred a large amount of money intended for the Kaiser Friedrich Foundation. As early as 1883, the architects Heino Schmieden , Victor von Weltzien and Rudolf Speer , who specialized in hospital construction, created designs . The most modern medical and architectural knowledge of the time flowed into the construction. Initially, individual houses for diphtheria and scarlet fever were built in the inner courtyard from 1888 to 1890 as closed isolation wards based on the pavilion system developed by Virchow. The opening, at which Rudolf Virchow gave the speech, took place on July 5, 1890.

After the death of her husband Friedrich III. Empress Victoria, known for her social engagement, asked Professor Adolf Baginsky to visit Friedrichshof Palace . With the words "Create something for my babies", she assured her support for the developing children's hospital. From her silver wedding fund she transferred 250,000  marks to the Kaiser Friedrich Foundation and, when her plan for a larynx hospital failed, the same amount again. She took over the patronage of the hospital, which bore her name and that of her husband until 1945.

Since the foundation's finances were no longer sufficient, the health care facility was taken over into municipal administration on October 1, 1901. In 1945 it was renamed “Städtisches Kinderkrankenhaus Wedding”, in 1963 it was merged with the Rudolf Virchow Hospital and was named “Rudolf Virchow Children's Hospital”, but closed in 1995. Since 1995, the building complex, which was expanded in the 1970s and 2001, has served as a Protestant Geriatric Center and as a sports and health park in Berlin-Wedding.

After the geriatric center was founded, there was only a day clinic and an advice center on the site , which is today the care center . The acute clinic was added in 1999 and the research house in 2001 as well as the academy for advanced training and modern day care .

At the same time, further welfare institutions were built in the area around Reinickendorfer Straße, as large plots of land could be acquired cheaply here.

  • 1891–1892 “Clara Lange Schucke Foundation” Reinickendorfer Strasse 58b
  • 1895–1897 “Foundation The Hospitals of the Holy Spirit and St. George” Reinickendorfer Strasse 59
  • 1902 Jewish retirement home Iranische Strasse 3
  • 1910–1914 Jewish Hospital Iranische Strasse 2
  • The “House of Health”, which was built in the mid-1950s and now houses the child and youth health service, is in the immediate vicinity.

Construction stages

The first phase of construction dragged on for two decades:

  • 1888–1890 Diphtheria Pavilion and Scarlet Pavilion by Heino Schmieden, Victor von Weltzien and Rudolf Speer
  • 1890–1891 Surgical Pavilion of Schmieden und Speer
  • 1911 Administration building for Heino Schmieden and Julius Boethke
  • 1911–1912 Pavilions for Infectious Diseases by Heino Schmieden and Julius Boethke
  • 1911–1913 power plant, boiler house and workshop owned by Heino Schmieden and Julius Boethke.

After being interrupted by the First World War

  • 1928–1930 nurses' dormitory of Friedrich Hellwig's municipal building officer.

Later buildings

  • 1974–1976 New Children's Hospital Odwin (Od) Arnold and Gerd Zabre
  • 1980 Demolition of the old two-storey polyclinic
  • 2001 research house

In the late 1950s, Iranische Strasse was rededicated as a pedestrian walkway and landscaped. This means that the actual main page of the main building, which faces the street, can only be experienced to a limited extent.

architecture

Diphtheria and Scarlet Pavilion
Administration building
Infectious Diseases Pavilion
Power plant with boiler and workshop building
Sisters' home from 1930
Bed house from 1976

The architects Heino Schmieden, Victor von Weltzien and Rudolf Speer, who had specialized in hospital construction, were entrusted with the first construction phase, which lasted over two decades. In the inner courtyard are the diphtheria and scarlet pavilions , which were built as isolation wards . The unadorned buildings are uniformly clad with red brick and structured by brick layers made of blue-red glaze stones. The two-story head building with medical treatment rooms is followed by a single-storey hospital wing with hospital rooms. The central corridor leads to an open lounge area.

The complex is delimited to Iranische Strasse by the elongated main building. It consists of a three-storey administrative building built between 1909 and 1911 by Heino Schmieden and Julius Boethke, which with its pilaster strips and the steep hipped roof looks austere and representative. Two-storey treatment wings adjoin the administration building on both sides, which in turn are bounded by three-storey front buildings. The side buildings were built in 1890-1891. This is indicated by the simple design with regularly lined up segmental arched windows and decorative brick layers made of blue-red glaze stones. The entrance door on the courtyard side is framed by mighty wall templates that end under a balcony.

On Groninger Strasse are the two three-storey pavilions built between 1911 and 1912 for the treatment of infectious diseases, which are characterized by the strict North German Baroque with their mansard roof, the articulated cornices and edging made of sandstone and the protruding staircase axes on both sides.

The power station built in 1913 by Heino Schmieden and Julius Boethk, which adjoins the rear fire wall of the tenement houses at Oudenarder Strasse 7/8, consists of two symmetrical buildings with a chimney in the middle. The boiler house and workshop building, which is closed off with a triangular gable, has a varied design with stepped slate roofs and small lattice windows. On both buildings there are reliefs that show a lion on a group of columns and symbolize “spirit” and “power”.

Magistratsbaurat Friedrich Hellwig built the nurses' home in 1928–1930, which adjoins a tenement house in Groninger Strasse and connects with a rounded street from Seestrasse to Iranische Strasse. With its plastered and dusky pink painted facades, the dormitory differs from the hospital's older brick buildings. The simple, unadorned design and the simple rectangular windows are characteristic of the architecture of the New Objectivity .

The hospital was expanded from 1974 to 1978 to include a children's clinic, which was designed as a six-storey steel frame building with gray facade panels and colored fields between the windows. The striking high-rise is based on a design by Od Arnold and Gerd Zabre.

Use as a children's hospital

The clinic was the first children's treatment center in Berlin with its own departments for pediatrics , infectious diseases and children's surgery and marked the beginning of pediatrics in Berlin. The opening of the children's hospital on August 1, 1890 was the first step towards connection to international child treatment centers such as B. London Great Ormond Street Hospital (1852) or Children's Hospital Zurich (1868). At the end of the 19th century, childhood diseases such as measles or chickenpox were a much greater danger than they are today, and the understanding of pathogens and infection routes was still in its infancy. Infectious diseases such as diphtheria , measles and smallpox should therefore be treated here . For this reason, the isolation pavilions for diphtheria and scarlet fever were created first . Originally designed for 300 patients, the building, which was barely destroyed in the war, continued to be used as a children's hospital and polyclinic after 1945.

In addition to the surgical department and the departments for pediatrics and infectious diseases, there was an obstetrics department and a department for pediatric radiology until 1975 . In addition, schoolchildren received specialist training in their own children's nursing school.

  • Alongside Rudolf Virchow, the founder and first director of the hospital was Adolf Baginsky (1843–1918) from 1890 until his death in 1918.
  • His successor was Heinrich Finkelstein (1865–1942), who retired on March 1, 1933 after the National Socialists came to power .
  • Ludwig Ferdinand Meyer (1879–1954) then took over the management of the hospital until he was discharged in May 1934 (according to other sources in May 1933) due to his Jewish origin.
  • Hans Opitz (1988–1971) took over the pediatric management provisionally in 1934 and finally from August 1935 until 1945. After the Second World War, he headed the Heidelberg Children's Clinic while Philipp Bamberger was on leave and, after his rehabilitation, he became professor there with a small tuberculosis ward and an outpatient clinic until his retirement in 1957 .
  • The chief surgeon from 1890 to 1924 was Themistocles Gluck (1853-1942), a student of Ernst von Bergmann and Bernhard von Langenbeck , who made fundamental and forward-looking research on the treatment of vascular, bone, muscle, tendon and nerve Made a name for defects through sewing, transplantation and plastic prostheses.
  • His successor from 1924 to 1952 was Georg Lange (1883–1970), who devoted himself to special problems in X-ray diagnostics in surgically ill children.
  • After Georg Lange left the company in 1952 W. Weidenmann, a student of Erwin Gohrbandt , took over the management of the pediatric surgery department. He was particularly interested in accidents in childhood and the thorium X treatment of post-traumatic keloids and cord formation. During this time the clinic became part of the Rudolf Virchow Clinic.
  • On April 16, 1972, Wolfgang Haße succeeded W. Weidenmann as head of the pediatric surgery department of the children's clinic at the Rudolf-Virchow Hospital. Haße held this position until his retirement on November 30, 1991.

Extensive modernization of the children's center began in 1965, and a pediatric radiology department was created with R. Stolowsky (specialist in pediatrics and radiology) as the first chief physician to ensure that state-of-the-art equipment was installed. In 1985 Stolowsky retired and was succeeded by Th. Riebel.

The bed requirement plan of the state of Berlin for 1975, however, demanded major cuts in the modernization program that had been started. The required bed reductions could only be achieved by merging the internal and surgical departments. The original construction phase 2, the new construction of the surgical department, fell victim to the austerity measures of the Berlin Senate . In the new ward building built in 1979, the surgical department received 81 and the internal department 162 beds out of a total of 243 beds.

The " first aid surgery" remained in the old building. Around 10,000 children of all age groups were cared for here every year. The operating theaters in the old building - two aseptic and one septic - and the sterilization facilities also remained in their old location. All the facilities mentioned were connected to the ward block by means of a closed transition bridge.

In 1987 the Berlin House of Representatives passed the "Law on the Establishment of the Rudolf Virchow University Hospital", on the basis of which the University Children's Hospital in the Kaiserin-Auguste-Viktoria Infant Home was closed and individual units of the "Children's Hospital Rudolf Virchow", which had meanwhile become a university hospital, were moved to the emerging campus of Rudolf Virchow Clinic on Augustenburger Platz . Implementation of the law has required a number of problematic restructurings and drastic restrictions on medical care for children. Despite sound arguments against closing z. B. on the part of the President of the German Society for Pediatric Surgery Prof. S. Hofmann v. Kap-herr , the clinic was closed in 1995 by Berlin specialists from pediatrics and pediatric surgery and protests from the population.

Remarks

  1. ↑ The architects' association was called Gropius & Schmieden from 1866 to 1880 , from 1880 until Viktor von Weltzien left the company it operated under Schmieden, v. Weltzien & Speer . From 1899 to 1913 the law firm was called Schmieden & Boethke . During these years Julius Boethke was the main architect in charge.

literature

  • Matthias Donath, Gabriele Schulz: Mitte district - Wedding and Gesundbrunnen districts . Ed .: Landesdenkmalamt Berlin (=  monument topography Federal Republic of Germany. Monuments in Berlin ). Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2004, ISBN 3-937251-26-X , p. 171-172 .

Web links

Commons : S  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The beginnings of paediatrics in Berlin. The Kaiser and Kaiserin Friedrich Hospital. Evangelisches Geriatriezentrum Berlin, accessed on January 27, 2016 .
  2. ↑ Joachim Reinhardt: Public Health. (No longer available online.) The Kaiserin Friedrich, archived from the original on December 6, 2010 ; accessed on January 27, 2016 .
  3. ↑ Everything for old age - in one place. Evangelisches Geriatriezentrum Berlin, accessed on January 27, 2016 .
  4. ^ Sports-Health Park Berlin-Wedding. Center for Sports Medicine, accessed January 27, 2016 .
  5. ↑ Child and Youth Health Service. District Office Mitte of Berlin, accessed on January 27, 2016 .
  6. ^ Siegfried Singer: Jewish Doctors from Germany. and their part in building the Israeli health system. haGalil e. V., accessed on January 27, 2016 .
  7. ^ "History of the day", Clin. Wochenschr. 13 (1934) p. 1864; 14 (1935) p. 1232
  8. ^ Developments and perspectives in child and adolescent medicine - 150 years of pediatrics in Heidelberg. Georg F. Hoffmann, Wolfgang U. Eckart, Philipp Osten (Eds.) Kirchheim Mainz 2010
  9. ^ A b Wolfgang Haße: The development of children's surgery in West Berlin from 1945 to 1991. German Society for Children's Surgery e. V. (DGKCH), accessed on January 27, 2016 .