Miastko

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Miastko
Coat of arms of Gmina Miastko
Miastko (Poland)
Miastko
Miastko
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Pomerania
Powiat : Bytowski
Gmina : Miastko
Area : 15.68  km²
Geographic location : 54 ° 0 '  N , 16 ° 59'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 59 '59 "  N , 16 ° 58' 35"  E
Height : 120 m npm
Residents : 10,632 (Dec. 31, 2016)
Postal code : 77-200
Telephone code : (+48) 59
License plate : GBY
Economy and Transport
Street : DK 20 Stargard - Gdynia
DK 21 Miastko- Slupsk
Ext. 206 Koszalin - Miastko
Rail route : PKP route 405: Szczecinek – Słupsk
Next international airport : Danzig



Miastko [ ˈmʲastkɔ ] ( German  Rummelsburg in Pommern or Rummelsburg i. Pom. ) Is a town in the powiat Bytowski in the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship . It is the seat of the town-and-country municipality of the same name and has around 10,600 inhabitants (2016).

Geographical location

The city is located in Western Pomerania , on the Studnica ( Stüdnitz ) river in a mountainous landscape, about 58 kilometers southeast of the town of Koszalin ( Köslin ) and 53 kilometers south of the town of Słupsk ( Stolp ). The urban area is divided into several parts by the deep Studnica valley.

history

City Church (Protestant until 1945, built 1730)

Already in prehistoric times people settled in the area of ​​the later Rummelsburg / Miastko. Stone axes from the Stone Age , stone box graves with face masks from the Bronze Age and an extensive coin find (Arabic and Germanic coins) from the Slavic phase were brought to light.

The village of Rummelsburg in the Duchy of Pomerania was first mentioned in 1478, when it was already owned by the von Massow family . In the loan document of Duke Bogislaw X. to his Marshal Ewald von Massow auf Woblanse from 1506, the place was referred to as a town. In fact, Rummelsburg was under an absolutist rule of the Massovs.

When in 1590 the pastor was removed from his office for wickedness, the visitor also reprimanded us. a. the ruinous state of the church and the omnipotence of the Massows, who provided all 13 church patrons. The nobles also presumed to appoint the bailiff and councilors.

In 1616, the citizens of Rummelsburg revolted, and in 1617 they were granted city rights by the Stettin court . But the judge's verdict did not change the actual circumstances either, because the Massows continued to deny the citizens any rights. The unrest in the city dragged on until the outbreak of the Thirty Years War . In 1628, Rummelsburg was burned down when the imperial troops withdrew, who had settled there for a year.

In 1637 Rummelsburg became part of Sweden and in 1657 it became part of Brandenburg . After the end of the war, the reconstruction took place. During the Swedish-Polish War , the Poles invaded the city and plundered and pillaged it. In 1670 the ruins of the church had to be torn down, and in 1719 Rummelsburg burned down completely.

Old coat of arms

Under Friedrich Wilhelm I , Rummelsburg became a garrison town in 1721, and in the same year the soldier king personally enforced the town charter of Lübeck .

In the middle of the 18th century, Rummelsburg developed into a cloth-making town and industrialization began 100 years later. The first steam spinning mill started operations in 1840 and there was a weaving school from 1849 to 1876. In 1878 a railway connection was established.

From 1816 to 1945 the city was the seat of the Rummelsburg district . Around 1930, in addition to Rummelsburg itself, the residential areas at Rummelsburg i. Pom. , Bergschloßbrauerei , Biallen , Bütschen , Chausseehaus , Dickebach , Ernsthof , Forsthaus Rummelsburg i. Pom. , Geißmühle , trades spinning , Götzenberg , Hans Berg , Hopfenbruch , Horst field , half , Jakobstal , Karlstal , Karl works , Klara height , sticks break , Lepzin , Löpershof , Propsthof , clubhouse , settlement on Loddermoor , city brick , Stüdnitzsche Walkmühle , Vangerinenhof and Wildberg . Furthermore, on April 1, 1938, the previous rural community Hanswalde was incorporated into Rummelsburg.

Up to 1945, four cloth factories were producing in the city, and there were also wood processing companies in the area.

Fierce fighting took place in Rummelsburg in the spring of 1945 towards the end of the Second World War , before the city was conquered by the Red Army on March 2, 1945 . 45% of the city was destroyed. Shortly after the Soviet occupation, the city was placed under Polish administration. The new district area (powiat) was opened under Polish administration on March 14, 1945.

The immigration of Polish and Ukrainian migrants began, initially mainly from areas east of the Curzon Line , where they had belonged to Polish or Ukrainian minorities.

In the following time, the remaining German residents in Rummelsburg were expelled . During a transport on 3./4. January 1947 of around 2500 people from Rummelsburg and from the district area to the Stettin-Frauendorf interim camp, 28 refugees died from hypothermia. The city got the Polish name Miastko .

As a result of two administrative reforms in 1946 and 1950, Miastko first came to the Szczecin Voivodeship, then Koszalin Voivodeship.

Seven major fires raged between 1945 and 1955, devastating large parts of the city.

In 1963 the glove and leather clothing factory ( Fabryka Rękawiczek i Odzieży Skórzanej ) was opened, which was to become the pride and most important economic factor of the city for many years. The next reform in 1975 brought Miastko to the Slupsk Voivodeship ( Stolp ). The administrative reform of 1999 made Miastko an urban-and-rural municipality ( gmina miejsko-wiejska ) in the powiat Bytowski ( Bütow ).

In 2000 Gmina Miastko entered into a town twinning with Bad Fallingbostel . There is also a partnership with the French Périers . Miastko is also a member of the Euroregion Pomerania partnership .

Demographics

Population development until 1945
year Residents Remarks
1740 968
1782 1232 no jews
1791 1297 including 24 Jews
1794 1307 including 24 Jews
1802 1426
1810 1623
1812 1682 including two Catholics and 49 Jews
1816 1690 1637 Protestants, 53 Jews, no Catholics; according to other sources 2129 inhabitants, including four Catholics and 106 Jews
1821 2085 in 265 private houses
1831 2434 including eight Catholics and 122 Jews
1843 3209 including 27 Catholics and 123 Jews
1852 3818 including 22 Catholics and 121 Jews
1861 4241 including 14 Catholics and 147 Jews
1871 4707
1890 5080 including 32 Catholics and 155 Jews
1905 5453
1925 6682 including 6,319 Protestants, 188 Catholics and 68 Jews
1933 7687
1939 8516
Number of inhabitants after the Second World War
year Residents Remarks
1960 8100
1975 9800
2003 11100

Culture and sights

City Church

The town church was built as a late baroque building from 1730 and consecrated as a Protestant church in 1733. In 1904 a tower was added, the upper part of which had to be removed in 1917 due to structural damage. In 1927 a new tower helmet was put on; the spire still forms a weather vane with the year "1927". The wife of the famous Prussian Field Marshal Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher was buried in this church.

After 1945 the Polish Catholic Church appropriated the building and has since used it as a Catholic church building.

War memorial

The memorial created by the sculptor Emil Cauer the Younger for the fallen of the First World War showed a warrior in an order's cloak on a high plinth. It was inaugurated on October 17, 1926. After 1945, Polish authorities replaced the figure of a Teutonic Knight on the pedestal with a Polish eagle .

traffic

Miastko station is on the Piła – Ustka railway line . The Bütow – Rummelsburg (Pom) railway ended here until 1945 .

Gmina Miastko

The urban-and-rural municipality Miastko covers an area of ​​467.19 km² and has more than 19,600 inhabitants.

Personalities: sons and daughters of the city

literature

  • Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann : Detailed description of the current state of the Königl. Prussian Duchy of Vor and Hinter Pomerania . Part II, Volume 2: Description of the court district of the Royal. State colleges in Cößlin belonging to the Eastern Pomeranian districts . Stettin 1784, pp. 779-782.
  • Gustav Kratz : The cities of the province of Pomerania - outline of their history, mostly according to documents . Berlin 1865, pp. 339-340 ( full text ).
  • Our Pommerland Jg. 10, H. 5: Schlawe-Rummelsburg .

Web links

Commons : Miastko  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Rummelsborg in the Topographia Electoratus Brandenburgici et Ducatus Pomeraniae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Footnotes

  1. ^ Heinrich Berghaus : History of the barometric determination of altitude in Berlin and Dresden . Berlin 1836, p. 59.
  2. ^ City of Rummelsburg in the Pommern information system.
  3. ↑ Systematic directory of name and inventory changes of municipalities . Excerpts from: Fritz R. Barran: City Atlas Pomerania . 2nd Edition. Rautenberg, Würzburg 2005, ISBN 3-8003-3097-0 , p. 192.
  4. ^ Günter Böddeker: The refugees - The expulsion of the Germans in the east . 3rd edition, Ullstein, Ulm 1997, ISBN 3-548-34322-8 , pp. 405-406.
  5. ↑ Euroregion Pomerania - area and partners ( memento of November 17, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on November 13, 2015
  6. ^ A b c d e f g h i Gustav Kratz : The cities of the province of Pomerania - outline of their history, mostly according to documents . Berlin 1865, p. 340 .
  7. ↑ Christian Friedrich Wutstrack (Ed.): Brief historical-geographical-statistical description of the royal Prussian duchy of Western and Western Pomerania . Stettin 1793, overview table on p. 736.
  8. ↑ a b c d Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 5: T – Z , Halle 1823, pp. 368-371, item 607 .
  9. ↑ a b The district of Rummelsburg. A home book. Pommerscher Buchversand, Hamburg 1979, p. 230.
  10. ↑ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. rummelsburg.html # ew39rumlarum. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  11. ↑ http://stadt.rummelsburg.kreis-rummelsburg.de/
  12. ^ Resident population on the day of the census on June 16, 1933, printed in: Der Kreis Rummelsburg. A home book. Pommerscher Buchversand, Hamburg 1979, p. 594.
  13. ^ Resident population on the day of the census on May 17, 1939, printed in: Hans-Ulrich Kuchenbäcker (edit.): Der Kreis Rummelsburg. A book of fate. Pommerscher Zentralverband, Lübeck 1985, p. 357.
  14. ^ The Pomeranian Newspaper. No. 15/2009, p. 8.
  15. ^ The Pomeranian Newspaper. dated December 14, 1996
  16. ^ The Pomeranian Newspaper. No. 46/2008, p. 8.