Sânpetru Mic
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Sânpetru Mic Kleinsanktpeter Kisszentpéter |
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| Basic data | |||||
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| State : |
 Romania
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| Historical region : | Banat | ||||
| Circle : | Timiș | ||||
| Municipality : | Variaș | ||||
| Coordinates : | 46 ° 2 ' N , 21 ° 2' E | ||||
| Time zone : | EET ( UTC +2) | ||||
| Residents : | 540 (2002) | ||||
| Postal code : | 307457 | ||||
| Telephone code : | (+40) 02 56 | ||||
| License plate : | TM | ||||
| Structure and administration (as of 2012) | |||||
| Community type : | Village | ||||
| Mayor : | Nicolae Birau ( USL ) | ||||
Sânpetru Mic (also Sînpetru Mic , German Kleinsanktpeter , Hungarian Kisszentpéter ) is a place in the Timiș district in the Romanian Banat . The original name Totina is mainly used by the inhabitants of the region to this day . Totina is derived from the historical place name Toti - a late medieval place name, which originated from the original Hungarian name for Slovaks or Slavs and refers to the Slovak founders of the place.
location
Sânpetru Mic is located on the edge of the Banat Heath, 35 km north of Timișoara , away from the Variaș - Gelu and Gelu - Sânpetru German roads . The Timișoara - Nerău railway line also runs past the village at a distance of 3 km. Neighboring villages are the Hungarian village Mailat in the east, Gelu ( Ketfel ) with the incorporated Colonia Mică ( small settlement ) in the south, Variaș ( Warjasch ) in the west, Satu Mare ( large village ) in the north-west, the Romanian village Secusigiu in the north and Sânpetru German ( Deutschsanktpeter ) in the northeast.
Neighboring places
| Satu Mare | Sânpetru German | Felnac |
| Periam |
.svg)
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Mailat |
| Variaș | Gelu | Mănăştiur |
history
Around the year 1250 the place was founded as Toti by Slovak settlers and between 1333 and 1656 it was also listed under this name in the Vatican tithe lists . There was no evidence of settlement for the period thereafter. In 1843 the orphaned place was re-established as a tobacco colony by 36 settler families, Banat Swabians from Deutschsanktpeter, and was given the name Kleinsanktpeter. The new settlers signed a lease agreement with the Hungarian state , to which the Banat still belonged at that time. From then on, tobacco growing dominated the town's agriculture. After the lease expired in 1863, the property became the property of the “Southern Hungarian Parceling Bank”. The tenants became owners of half of their land and had to pay a transfer fee. The terms of the leases plunged many families into serious financial difficulties. Only a few became wealthy.
Due to its location away from the main traffic axes and its poor connection to the transport network, the place remained small and relatively poor. The residents changed frequently. In 1873 and 1878, epidemics of scarlet fever and cholera thinned the population. In 1885 some families emigrated overseas. The railway line Temesvár -Warjasch- Szeged of the Hungarian State Railways , built in 1907, was led 3 kilometers past the village, although the residents contributed 3,000 guilders to the construction. Despite all this, the place developed a modest prosperity and an active cultural and club life in the 20th century. There was an elementary school and several clubs, including a music and singing club, a football team and a handball team that was very successful throughout the Banat in the 1950s .
In 1920 the place came as a result of the Treaty of Trianon , like two thirds of the Banat, to the Kingdom of Romania . Between 1920 and 1927, several hundred working-class children from Vienna spent their summer holidays in town. In the 1930s, as a result of the economic crisis, more families left the village to seek their fortune in America.
As a result of the Waffen-SS Agreement of May 12, 1943 between the Antonescu government and Hitler's Germany , all men of German origin who were conscripted into the German army. Before the end of the war, in January 1945, all ethnic German women between the ages of 18 and 30 and men between the ages of 16 and 45 were deported to the Soviet Union for reconstruction work .
The Land Reform Act of March 23, 1945 , which provided for the expropriation of German farmers in Romania, deprived the rural population of their livelihoods. The expropriated land was distributed to smallholders, farm workers and colonists from other parts of the country. The collectivization of agriculture was initiated in the early 1950s . Through the nationalization law of June 11, 1948 , which provided for the nationalization of all industrial and commercial enterprises, banks and insurance companies, the expropriation of all economic enterprises took place regardless of ethnicity.
Since the population along the Romanian-Yugoslav border was classified as a security risk by the Romanian government after the rift between Stalin and Tito and his exclusion from the Cominform alliance, "politically unreliable elements" were deported to the Bărăgan on June 18, 1951 . Steppe regardless of ethnicity. At the same time, the Romanian leadership aimed to break the resistance against the impending collectivization of agriculture. When the Bărăgan abductees returned home in 1956, the houses and farms expropriated in 1945 were returned to them. However, the field ownership was collectivized.
The townscape remained unchanged for many decades and is still characterized today by the wide alleys and elongated farmhouses typical of the region. In 1914 the new Catholic Church was consecrated, which replaced the old and modest prayer house in the same place. A primary school, an inn, a grocery store, a barber and later a kindergarten rounded off the townscape. In the 1950s, an LPG was built on the outskirts . In the center of a building complex with was the new general store and tavern (the so-called "Bufet") together with beer garden and bowling alley , a new center created. Probably the most important infrastructure measure of the post-war period was the narrow footpath and bike path made of concrete slabs, built by the residents of the village themselves in the 1960s, which ran parallel to the unpaved and therefore weather-prone road to the Gelu (Ketfel) train station 3 km away, but today is no longer preserved.
Most recently, Little Saint Peter caught the attention of the road builders who paved the main road in the village. They renamed it Sin City - as a play on the Romanian place name Sîn petru Mic. Some filmmakers noticed this lettering on the place-name sign ; so the village gained unexpected prominence. A film shows the poverty of the people and the misery in the once beautiful village.
Demographic development
Immediately after the Second World War , Kleinsanktpeter suffered from being abducted to the Soviet Union . In the 1950s, its population was affected by expropriations , collectivization of agriculture and deportation to the Bărăgan steppe . In the 1960s the village recovered from the aftermath of the war; church life flourished again. Nevertheless, from 1976 onwards a massive wave of emigration of the local Banat Swabians to Germany began, with the land and houses becoming state property. The ethnic composition of the population and life in the village changed fundamentally within ten years. The majority of German residents had already left the village before the 1989 coup . Romanian and Hungarian settlers (e.g. also Szekler ) from other parts of Romania had followed suit since the 1980s. The new settlers were only able to partially fill in the gaps. The fluctuation remained high. The few remaining Germans left the country within a very short time after 1989. Today (2013) only one family of German descent lives in the village. Due to the lack of attachment and identification of the new settlers with the place and its (now state-owned) houses, large parts of the village fell into disrepair. Even the asphalting of the main access road into the town, which had been longed for for decades and was only carried out in 2003, could no longer stop its decline.
Today, Kleinsanktpeter is only inhabited by around 500 people who live in relatively poor conditions and who work mainly in agriculture. Some commute daily to a job in industry in nearby Timișoara.
| census | Ethnicity | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| year | Residents | Romanians | Hungary | German | Other | |||
| 1880 | 709 | 1 | - | 706 | 2 | |||
| 1910 | 643 | 7th | 10 | 615 | 11 | |||
| 1930 | 618 | 2 | 11 | 500 | 5 | |||
| 1977 | 557 | 143 | 54 | 349 | 11 | |||
| 2002 | 540 | 372 | 165 | 3 | - | |||
Personalities
- Hans Kehrer (1913–2009), actor
See also
literature
- Hometown community Kleinsanktpeter - Totina (Hrsg.): Kleinsanktpeter - Totina. 1843 - 1993. Self-published in 1992.
- Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber and Walter Wolf : The Banat and the Banat Swabians. Volume 5. Cities and Villages , Media Group Universal Grafische Betriebe München GmbH, Munich, 2011, 670 pages, ISBN 3-922979-63-7 .
