Saint John (New Brunswick)

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Saint John
Nickname : SJ, Port City
Saint John, skyline
Saint John, skyline
Motto : O Fortunati Quorum Jam Moenia Surgunt
Location in New Brunswick
Saint John (New Brunswick)
Saint John
Saint John
State : CanadaCanada Canada
Province : New Brunswick
County: Saint John County
Coordinates : 45 ° 16 ′  N , 66 ° 3 ′  W Coordinates: 45 ° 16 ′  N , 66 ° 3 ′  W
Height : 10  m
Area : 316.31 km²
Inhabitants :
-  Metropolitan Area : 		67,575 (as of 2016)
126,202 (as of 2016)
Population density : 213.6 inhabitants / km²
Time zone : Atlantic Time ( UTC − 4 )
Municipality number: 506
Postal code : E2H-E2P
Foundation : 1604
Mayor : Mel Norton
Website : www.cityofsaintjohn.com

Saint John (French: Saint-Jean ) is the second largest city in the Canadian province of New Brunswick with 67,575 inhabitants . The "Saint" is never abbreviated to avoid confusion with St. John's in Newfoundland .

Geography and climate

The city is located in the south on the Bay of Fundy . The city is divided in half by the Saint John River and bordered to the east by the Kennebecasis River . The Saint John River flows west of the city center through a narrow gorge before reaching the harbor bay. A special phenomenon can be observed, the so-called Reversing Falls : At high tide , the flow direction of the river, which has rapids here, can reverse over a few kilometers.

The area around the city is hilly and extremely rocky. There are numerous freshwater lakes in the coastal plain to the east, west and north of the city. The old city center is on a peninsula on the east side of the harbor.

Saint John NB, New Brunswick
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
139
 
-3
-14
 
 
94
 
-2
-13
 
 
118
 
2
-7
 
 
104
 
8th
-1
 
 
118
 
15th
4th
 
 
101
 
20th
8th
 
 
102
 
22nd
12
 
 
90
 
22nd
12
 
 
117
 
18th
8th
 
 
125
 
12
3
 
 
134
 
6th
-2
 
 
149
 
0
-10
Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm
Source: Meteorological Service of Canada
Monthly average temperatures and rainfall for Saint John NB, New Brunswick
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) −2.7 −1.9 2.3 8.3 14.8 19.5 22.4 22.2 17.7 11.9 6.0 0.3 O 10.1
Min. Temperature (° C) −13.6 −12.7 −7.3 −1.2 4.0 8.4 11.7 11.6 7.7 2.7 −2.1 −9.7 O 0
Precipitation ( mm ) 139.4 94.0 117.9 104.2 117.5 100.9 101.5 89.6 117.4 124.8 133.7 149.4 Σ 1,390.3
Rainy days ( d ) 16.4 13.0 14.8 14.0 13.6 13.2 12.0 10.9 11.4 12.3 14.1 16.6 Σ 162.3
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
−2.7
−13.6
−1.9
−12.7
2.3
−7.3
8.3
−1.2
14.8
4.0
19.5
8.4
22.4
11.7
22.2
11.6
17.7
7.7
11.9
2.7
6.0
−2.1
0.3
−9.7
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		139.4
94.0
117.9
104.2
117.5
100.9
101.5
89.6
117.4
124.8
133.7
149.4
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

history

The area around Saint John was discovered on St John's Day (Fête de la St-Jean-Baptiste) in 1604 by the French explorer Samuel de Champlain . Charles Latour built a fort in 1631; Fort Latour was the first French settlement in New Brunswick. British troops captured Fort Latour in 1758 and renamed it Fort Frederick. After being destroyed during the American Revolutionary War, it was rebuilt by British loyalists on the same site as Fort Howe. Around the fort, the Parrtown and Carleton settlements emerged with a total of 14,000 inhabitants. These were united to Saint John in 1785, making it the first "incorporated" city in Canada. During the war of 1812 , the city was heavily fortified to fend off any attacks by the USA .

The Great Famine in Ireland in the middle of the 19th century caused the greatest surge in immigration. The government had to set up a quarantine station and a hospital on Partridge Island in front of the port to take care of the newcomers. The previously almost purely Protestant city now had a Catholic majority of the population.

During the 19th century, Saint John became the province's most important industrial and port city, with a significant shipbuilding and wood processing industry. The brisk trade with Great Britain and the Caribbean made Saint John one of the most important cities in the country. In 1842 the country's first public museum opened (now the New Brunswick Museum / Musée du Nouveau-Brunswick ). Canada's first bank was also founded here. In 1877 a fire destroyed the entire business district of the city.

During the First World War , Canadian troops were sent to Europe from Saint John to fight alongside the British Empire . During the Second World War , the port became less important due to the threat posed by German submarines , and the ship convoys left in the more protected Halifax . The veneer for the De Havilland mosquito bombers was made in Saint John .

Although the era of the shipbuilding industry finally came to an end with the closure of the shipyard in 2002, Saint John has remained the industrial center of Canada's Atlantic provinces. The industrialist KC Irving and his family built a widespread industrial conglomerate (petroleum, forest industry, shipbuilding, media, transport). The Irving Group is the most important employer in the region; Here it owns, among other things, the first oil tanker terminal in North America, the largest oil refinery in Canada, a factory for newsprint and a factory for household paper.

economy

overview

Irving Canaport LNG Terminal

Saint John is an industrial location in the Maritime Provinces of Canada. The major Canadian company of the Irving Group has several locations and subsidiaries in the city. These primarily include the oil production, forestry, shipbuilding, media and logistics sectors.

The port of Saint John also contributes to the city's revenue. Other larger companies include the Moosehead Brewery , the New Brunswick Power Corporation , which operates three power generator turbines and the Point Lepreau Nuclear Generating Station , Bell Aliant Telecom , and the Horizon Health Network, which operates five hospitals in Saint John and the surrounding area. Many IT companies have also settled in the city. In Saint John, the Canadian armed forces have several reserve units, which are spread over several bases and include several hundred soldiers and relatives.

Saint John is an important transshipment port for energy resources, supplying the American continent with natural gas and oil. The Canaport LNG Terminal was completed at the end of 2008 in cooperation with the Canadian company Irving Oil (25%) and the Spanish company Repsol (75%). The port terminal started operating in 2009. Natural gas is routed through the terminal in pipelines for the US and Canadian markets.

Education and Research

There are two supervisory authorities in Saint John responsible for the English-speaking and French-speaking schools. There are a total of eight publicly funded schools in which English is taught as the first language. These schools include elementary and high schools up to grade 12. There is also a state-funded school that teaches in French.

In 1964, the University of New Brunswick opened a campus in the city. Several departments are located on the UNB Saint John Campus and are located at Tucker Park.

Shopping centers

In addition to many smaller specialist shops in the historic downtown area, where there are also numerous cafes, restaurants and bars, Sain John also has several larger shopping malls. The larger centrally located shopping malls include: The Brunswick Square Shopping Center with over 60 specialty shops and several restaurants, cafes and bars. The shopping center is located on 39 King Street in the city center. Internal connecting paths and bridges lead to the smaller Market Square shopping mall . Other smaller malls are located in the districts of Saint John.

traffic

bus connections

A Saint John transit bus in the city

For urban public transport, Saint John is transit. The company operates several lines and connects important locations with each other. Acadian Lines operates a national bus route network between the cities.

Highways

Saint John Harbor Bridge

The city's main highway is the Saint John Throughway (Route 1). This connects several cities along the route and ends northeast at Moncton . Another major highway is Route 7, which connects Saint John with Fredericton. These vital links cross the Saint John River via the Harbor Bridge and Reversing Falls Bridge.

Flight connections

The city has its own airport. The Saint John Airport is located near Loch Lomond, about 15 kilometers outside of Saint John. The airport has scheduled services to Halifax, Toronto, Montreal and Ottawa.

Train connections

The Reversing Falls Railway Bridge provides a connection for freight trains operated by the New Brunswick Southern Railway on the route from St John to the US state of Maine .

Ship connections

Bay Ferries operates year-round connections between Saint John and Digby

Personalities from Saint John

Sons and daughters of the town:

Personalities related to the city:

  • Sir Samuel Leonard Tilley PC, KCMG (1818-1896), politician; Prime Minister and Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick
  • The Russian-born film producer Louis B. Mayer (1884–1957) spent his childhood in Saint John.

See also

Web links

Commons : Saint John  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Statistics Canada - Census 2016 Saint John, Municipality
  2. ↑ Statistics Canada - Census 2016 Saint John, Metropolitan Area