Sand-Radmelde
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Sand-Radmelde ( Bassia laniflora ) |
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| Bassia laniflora | ||||||||||||
| ( SGGmel. ) AJ Scott |
The Sand-Radmelde ( Bassia laniflora ), also called Sand-Kochie , is a plant species in the foxtail family (Amaranthaceae). It is widespread in Eurasia .
description
Vegetative characteristics
The Sand-Radmelde grows as an annual herbaceous plant that reaches heights of about 20 to 50 cm (rarely 80 cm). It is usually loosely branched at the base with low-lying or rising delicate branches. The stems, which are often reddish, are unstriped and slightly ribbed. They initially have dense, downy hairs, later they shed. The alternately arranged leaves are protruding or slightly curved upwards and sitting. The simple leaf blade has a semicircular cross-section and is up to 2.5 cm long, linear, somewhat pointed and with entire margins.
Inflorescence and flower
The total inflorescences consist of interrupted, annual partial inflorescences . The flowers sit individually or in twos or threes in the axilla of the bracts . At the base of the flowers have a wreath of long white or light brown hair. The scientific species name ( Bassia laniflora = woolly bassia) refers to this characteristic feature . The bracts are green and slightly fleshy in the upper part. There are five stamens , the anthers have a length of about 1 mm. The compressed-globular ovary has two or three short stigmas. The flowering period extends from August to October. The pollination is carried by the wind ( anemophily ).
Fruit and seeds
At the time of fruiting, the bracts have dry-skinned, diamond-shaped, egg-shaped appendages on their backs, which are clearly separated from each other. The membranous, whitish pericarp surrounds the seed. The black-brown or black seed is broad-egg-shaped with a diameter of 1.5 to 2 mm.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.
Photosynthetic pathway
The Sand-Radmelde is a C 4 plant .
Occurrence
The distribution area of the Sand-Radmelde includes Europe and North Africa , Western and Central Asia to the northern part of the Chinese Xinjiang . This species is also native to Germany .
The Sand-Radmelde inhabits subcontinental to continental areas and occurs in dry steppe and semi-desert areas. The plant needs full sun exposure and high to extremely high temperatures. It grows in semi-arid climates on locations with the lowest nitrogen levels and especially on loose sandy soils . In Germany it grows in fields and short-lived weed meadows , as well as in dry and semi-arid grasslands ( sand-poor grasslands ). In Central Europe it is a character species of the Jurinea-Koelerietum from the association Koelerion glaucae, but also occurs in the Bromo-Corispermetum from the association Salsolion.
Danger
The Sand-Radmelde is considered to be endangered across Europe, as its populations have decreased drastically, especially in Central Europe .
In Germany, sand cycling has always been rare and restricted to the northern Upper Rhine area. Here it used to be found in sandy places from Schwetzingen , Mannheim and Worms to Mainz and Ingelheim am Rhein . The disappearance of many sandy areas through development, sand mining or reforestation has severely restricted their living space. Entering and driving on sand dunes, as well as being eaten by rabbits, also contributed to the decline in sand bike reports. Today this species is threatened with extinction in Germany ( Red List of Endangered Species 1).
In 2007, all of the remaining growth sites in Germany were examined. Overall, the sand bike report could only be detected at ten locations with a total area of just under 1 hectare. More than 99% of all individuals were found in only two protected areas in Darmstadt-Eberstadt , which are therefore of outstanding importance for the maintenance of the Sand-Radmelde in Germany. In Hesse , the Sand-Radmelde is considered severely endangered (Red List 2).
In Rhineland-Palatinate , the Sand-Radmelde is considered threatened with extinction. Here it grows on the Großer Sand near Mainz. In order to protect the last specimens there against rabbits and kick damage, the place of growth was fenced off. Since then the stock has been able to recover somewhat.
In Baden-Württemberg , the Sand-Radmelde only occurs in the particularly low-precipitation area between Mannheim and Sandhausen , the Sandhausen dunes . Therefore, it is also considered to be threatened with extinction in Baden-Württemberg.
Taxonomy
The first publication was made of this kind in 1774 by Samuel Gottlieb Gmelin under the name Salsola laniflora in travel through Russia , 1, p 160, Table 37. Andrew John Scott put this kind in 1978 under the name Bassia laniflora in the genus Bassia (In: Feddes Repertory , Volume 89, p. 108). Phylogenetic studies by Kadereit & Freitag confirmed this assignment in 2011.
Other synonyms of Bassia laniflora (SGGmel.) AJScott are Kochia laniflora (SGGmel.) Borbás , Salsola arenaria Maerkl. , Chenopodium arenarium (Maerkl.) P.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb. (nom. illeg.), Kochia arenaria (P.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb.) Roth , Salsola laniflora S.G. Gmelin and Salsola dasyphylla Pall.
use
In China, the Sand-Radmelde is a good fodder and is eaten by camels and sheep.
literature
- Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 , p. 94 (section description).
- Gelin Zhu, Sergei L. Mosyakin & Steven E. Clemants: Chenopodiaceae : Kochia laniflora (SGGmelin) Borbás , p. 386 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China , Volume 5: Ulmaceae through Basellaceae. , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2003, ISBN 1-930723-27-X . (Sections Description, Distribution, Use)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Entry at BiolFlor .
- ↑ a b Gudrun Kadereit & Helmut Freitag: Molecular phylogeny of Camphorosmeae (Camphorosmoideae, Chenopodiaceae): Implications for biogeography, evolution of C4-photosynthesis and taxonomy , In: Taxon , Volume 60 (1), 2011, pp. 51-78.
- ↑ a b c d e f Sand-Radmelde. In: FloraWeb.de.
- ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 350 .
- ↑ S. Hodvina & R. Cezanne: The Sand-Radmelde (Bassia laniflora) in Hessen. In: Botany and Nature Conservation in Hessen , Issue 21, 2008, pp. 89–113 (summary online) /
- ↑ Protective measure for the Sand-Radmelde, Mainzer Sand ( Memento of the original dated December 30, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
