Witostowice
| Witostowice | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Lower Silesia | ||
| Powiat : | Ząbkowice Śląskie | ||
| Gmina : | Ziębice | ||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 41 ' N , 17 ° 3' E | ||
| Height : | 628 m npm | ||
| Residents : | |||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 74 | ||
| License plate : | DZA | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Ziębice - Strzelin | ||
| Next international airport : | Wroclaw | ||
Witostowice (German Schönjohnsdorf ) is a village in the powiat Ząbkowicki in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland. It is located eight kilometers north of Ziębice , to whose urban and rural municipality it belongs.
geography
Witostowice is located in the Wzgórza Strzelińskie ( Strehlener Mountains ), off the 395 voivodship road, which runs from Ziębice to Strzelin . Neighboring towns are Gębice and Nowolesie in the north, Dobroszów ( Dobrischau / Rummelsdorf ) and Romanów in the northeast, Płosa in the east, Nowina and Jasienica ( Heinzendorf ) in the southeast, Skalice ( Reumen ) in the south, Henryków , Brukalice ( Taschenberg ) and Raczyce ( Rätsch ) in the southwest, Wadochowice ( Wiesenthal ) and Wilamowice ( Willwitz ) in the west and Kazanów in the northwest.
history
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The lands around the later Schönjohnsdorf were donated in 1227 by the then Silesian sovereign Heinrich I to the monastery Heinrichau , founded in the same year . To the east of it, on the so-called castle hill, there was a fort ( castellum ) much earlier , which according to the records of the Heinrichauer Foundation Book 1227 should have belonged to the heirs of the farmer Colacs. This fort probably went out after it was donated to the Heinrichau monastery.
Politically, "Withostowizi" / Johnsdorf, founded in the second half of the 13th century, initially belonged to the Duchy of Breslau and, after its division in 1278, to the Duchy of Schweidnitz . From 1321 it passed to the newly founded Duchy of Münsterberg , the 1336 under King John of Luxembourg under Bohemian suzerainty came that same year of Bolko II. Was recognized by Münsterberg in the Treaty of Straubing. A year earlier the Polish king had renounced Silesia in the Treaty of Trenčín .
It is not known when Heinrichau Abbey sold the village of Johnsdorf again. In 1328 it was owned by the ministerial ducal servant Witzko von Johnsdorf, who was followed in 1333 by Jasko von Johnsdorf. There is evidence of a moated castle for 1351, which may have succeeded the extinct festivals on the castle hill and was owned by Peter von Domantz that year. In 1374 Johnsdorf belonged to the knight Wenzel von Haugwitz and in 1413 to Bernhard von Donyn . From 1463 it was owned by the Lords of Stosch , who sold it to Peter von Sebottendorf in 1497, from whom Przibislaus von Zierotin acquired it in 1516 . After the death of Duke Karl Christoph in 1569, with which the Münsterberg line of the Lords of Podiebrad expired, Johnsdorf fell together with the Duchy of Münsterberg as a settled fiefdom to the Crown of Bohemia . Subsequently, Emperor Ferdinand III transferred it . in his capacity as King of Bohemia to the von Burghaus family . She acquired other villages in the neighborhood and made Johnsdorf the center of the rule of the same name, which was temporarily owned by the lords of Zedlitz and Neukirch . Anna Karolina Countess Gallas , née Mansfeld, is the owner of Schönjohnsdorf in 1707 .
In 1739 Schönjohnsdorf and the associated villages were acquired by the Heinrichau Abbot Gerhard. After the First Silesian War , like almost all of Silesia, it fell to Prussia in 1742 . While it belonged to the Heinrichau monastery, the moated castle was rebuilt after a fire in the second half of the 18th century and expanded into a castle that served as the residence of the Heinrichau abbots. It was probably at this time that the place name Schönjohnsdorf became common . After the monastery Heinrichau in 1810 the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III. was abolished, the monastery property and thus also Schönjohnsdorf came in 1812 to his sister Friederike Louise Wilhelmine , who later became Queen of the Netherlands. In 1863 Schönjohnsdorf was sold to the Grand Dukes of Saxony-Weimar , who owned it until it was expropriated in 1945.
Administratively, Schönjohnsdorf has belonged to the province of Silesia since the reorganization of Prussia in 1815 and was incorporated into the district of Strehlen from 1818, from which it was added to the district of Frankenstein on October 1, 1932 . The rural community of Schönjohnsdorf has belonged to the district of the same name since 1874 . In 1939 Schönjohnsdorf had 562 inhabitants.
As a result of the Second World War , Schönjohnsdorf, like most of Silesia, fell to Poland in 1945 and was renamed Witostowice . The German population was expelled. Some of the new residents were displaced from eastern Poland . From 1975 to 1998 Witostowice was part of the Wałbrzych Voivodeship .
Attractions
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- The water castle Schönjohnsdorf was built on the site of a castle, which is documented for the year 1351. After 1463 it was expanded by the Lords of Stosch and rebuilt in the second half of the 16th century by the Lords of Burghaus in the Renaissance style. After the transition to the Heinrichau monastery, it was restored from 1749 to 1763 and rebuilt after a fire. In 1889 a vestibule in neo-Gothic style was built on the courtyard side . The moated castle is surrounded by a double moat ring that has been partially filled in. A bridge leads across the outer ditch in the north, in front of which there are two baroque figures of St. Florian and Johannes von Nepomuk are located.
- About two kilometers north-east of Witostowice there are two castle walls in a forest area:
- The rampart on the Kellerberg is about 250 × 150 m in size and badly damaged. It may come from prehistoric times.
- About 400 m southeast of the Kellerberg is the smaller, about 48 × 120 m large castle wall, which is said to date from prehistoric times and on which, according to the records of the Heinrichauer Foundation Book in 1227, a fortress was located, which at that time belonged to the heirs of the farmer Colacs.
literature
- Hugo Weczerka (Hrsg.): Handbook of the historical places . Volume: Silesia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 316). Kröner, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-520-31601-3 , pp. 484-485.
- Dehio -Manual of Art Monuments in Poland Silesia . Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-422-03109-X , p. 1016.