Schwenninger Moos

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Neckar spring around 1928
Schwenninger Moos, headwaters of the Neckar
In the Schwenninger Moos
Schwenninger Moos
Information board
Schwenninger Moos

The Schwenninger Moos is a rain moor on the Baar near Villingen-Schwenningen in Baden-Württemberg .

description

The moor area is three square kilometers, is 705  m above sea level. NHN and is a nature reserve . The European watershed , which separates the tributaries of the Rhine and Danube , runs through the moor : the origin of the 362 km long Neckar , which flows into the Rhine near Mannheim, is located in the moor . A source of limestone marl within the moor could best be described as the origin of the Neckar, but is located in a protected area and is therefore not visible to visitors. In addition, the Moor source area of the Talbachs, the at Marbach , a municipality Villingen-Schwenningen, in the Brigach , one of the two source fluxes of the Danube, opens .

Emergence

The origin of the Schwenninger moss can be traced by means of the pollen analysis of drill cores. Around 12,000 BC At the end of the last glacial period , there was still a lake at the place where Schwenninger Moos is today. This began around 6,000 to 5,000 BC. The growth of peat after the lake became blind due to sedimentation. At that time mainly reeds and sedges grew there, plants which nowadays also occupy a relatively large proportion of the bog. Around 2000 years later, the proportion of rainwater in the peat increased, while the proportion of groundwater continued to decline. The progression of this process took place around 2,000 BC. Chr. To a separation of the peat plants from the mineral-rich groundwater and thus brought about the transition to the raised bog.

Danger

Land consumption

Until the middle of the 19th century there were almost only meadows and forest areas around the Schwenninger Moos. The Schwenninger Moos was constantly supplied with water through these elevations.

From 1869 the area around the Schwenninger Moos was increasingly built on. The railway line from Villingen-Schwenningen to Rottweil in the west of the moor and roads and buildings in the east reduced the water supply to the moor.

Peat extraction

In the Schwenninger Moos, peat was extracted from 1748 until the 1950s . Before the bog could be dismantled, it first had to be drained. For this purpose drainage ditches with a length of 28.4 km were built. There were several extraction phases and around one and a half meters of peat was cut off for each extraction phase. This means that the moor has lost between three and four meters.

Peat extraction in the Schwenninger Moos along the central extraction edge around 1920.

Reforestation

In 1944, 6% of the bog was covered with forest. In 1968 it was already 24% and in 2014 40% were overgrown with forest. This process arose after peat mining came to an end. Since the people no longer ensured that there was no vegetation on the bog, trees could spread unhindered and, through their water consumption, contribute to drainage.

Development of the forest cover on the Schwenninger Moos in 1944, 1968 and 2014

Renaturation measures

In 1987, a round table made up of numerous local institutions was set up to save the Schwenninger Moos.

By building barriers in the trenches, the forest cover could be pushed back and a renaturation achieved. The moor meadows have been grazed by moorland snakes since 2003, which fight the emerging growth of birch shoots inside the moss. This and other work is carried out by the BUND's Black Forest-Baar-Heuberg regional association .

plants

There are over 400 different plant species in the moor. These include many endangered plants.

Peat mosses are the most important plants in the bog. They are optimal water stores because they have small living cells that carry out photosynthesis and large dead cells that can store water. The sphagnum peat, for example, can have a water content above 90%. This property enables them to regulate the entire water balance of the bog. Peat mosses are also effective collectors of nutrients. Mosses depend on rainwater because they have no roots. The moss binds nutrients to its cell wall and releases protons during this process, which is why the peatland becomes acidic.

Swamp violets , swamp blood-eyes and narrow-leaved cottongrass , for example, grow in the wet areas . The dry areas are inhabited , for example, by the heather carnation , devil's claw and pale yellow clover . Since there are few nutrients in the bog, some plants, for example the heather, enter into a symbiosis with mushrooms . Carnivorous plants like the misunderstood water hose receive nitrogen , phosphorus and other nutrients.

useful information

A hiking trail leads around the core area of ​​the Schwenninger Moos through spruce and birch forest, from which you can partially see the open moorland. A short walkway allows you to see the regenerating vegetation of the moor up close, without unlawfully entering or damaging the moor. The Neckarweg long-distance hiking trail also begins in Schwenninger Moos and follows the course of the Neckar to the mouth in Mannheim.

In 2008, “Moosgeschichten. Encounters at the origin of the Neckar ” by Klaus Peter Karger published a documentary about the Schwenninger Moos, which was shown in regional cinemas and is available on DVD.

In 2010 the state garden show took place in Villingen-Schwenningen . In the course of the work for this, the industrial wasteland of the former freight station in the district of Schwenningen, which was in need of renovation, was converted into a spacious park, the Neckarpark. This is followed by the Möglingshöhe city park with the symbolic Neckar spring and the Bauchenberg landscape park. This continuous green area now connects the city center with the Schwenninger Moos.

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Schwenninger Moos  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Schwenninger Moos nature reserve. (No longer available online.) Unit 56-Nature Conservation and Landscape Management, Freiburg Regional Council, archived from the original on December 20, 2016 ; accessed on December 17, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.umweltzentrum-sbn.de
  2. ↑ The Schwenninger Moos - the origin not only of the Neckar. (No longer available online.) Umweltzentrum Schwarzwald Baar Neckar, archived from the original on April 28, 2015 ; accessed on September 14, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.umweltzentrum-sbn.de
  3. ↑ Silke Kohlmann: Elsa had to go back to the moor. Badische Zeitung, April 22, 2009, accessed on October 18, 2015 (“Moosgeschichten”: Klaus Peter Karger made a film about the origins of the Neckar).
  4. ↑ Moss Stories. Encounters at the origin of the Neckar. Internet Movie Database , November 16, 2008, accessed November 18, 2015 .
  5. ↑ Moss stories - encounters at the origin of the Neckar. Kino.de, 2008, accessed on October 18, 2015 .

Coordinates: 48 ° 2 ′ 31.3 "  N , 8 ° 31 ′ 40.4"  E