Lent Sunday

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The septuagesima are the Sundays in the Great Lent (lat. Quadragesima ). This is known in the Catholic Church as the Easter penance period, in the Protestant Church as the Passion period and comprises forty working days between Ash Wednesday and Easter ( Latin quadragesima , "fortieth"). It is a time of penance, in which the suffering of Christ is remembered, and serves to prepare for the solemn festival of Easter. The period of fasting or passion consists of six Sundays, the five Sundays of Lent and Palm Sunday .

Lent Sundays

The names of Sundays are not entirely uniform. The Latin names are common in the Protestant Church, in the Roman Catholic Church they are used a little less (with the exception of Laetare ). They are derived from the first word of the Introit (= opening verse of Holy Mass ).

Numbering (catholic / evangelical) designation Introitus Station Church
1st
Sunday of Lent 1st Sunday of Passion time		 Invocabit, also Invocavit Invocabit me, et ego exaudiam eum
“If he calls me, then I will answer him”
( Ps 91.15  EU )		 San Giovanni in Laterano
2nd
Sunday of Lent 2nd Sunday of Passion time		 Reminiscere Reminiscere miserationum tuarum
" Remember your mercy, Lord"
( Ps 25.6  EU )		 Santa Maria in Domnica
3rd
Sunday of Lent 3rd Sunday of Passion time		 Oculi Oculi mei semper ad Dominum
"My eyes always look to the Lord"
( Ps 25.15  EU )		 San Lorenzo Fuori le mura
4th
Sunday of Lent 4th Sunday of Passion time		 Laetare Laetare, Jerusalem
"Rejoice, Jerusalem"
( Isa 66,10  EU )		 Santa Croce in Gerusalemme
5th
Sunday of Lent 5th Sunday of Passion time		 Judica (also known as Passion Sunday in the Catholic Church) Judica me, Deus
"Judge me, O God"
( Ps 43.1  EU )		 St. Peter's Basilica
Palm Sunday
6th Sunday of Passion Time		 Palmarum, Catholic Dominica in Palmis de passione Domini (Palm and Passion Sunday) Hosanna call , because of palm consecration and procession at the beginning of the liturgy there is no introit. Formerly (1962) at the beginning of the actual mass:
Domine, ne longe facias
"But you, Lord, do not stay away"
( Ps 22:20, 22  EU )		 San Giovanni in Laterano

A mnemonic for impressing the names of the six Sundays Lent is the sentence " I n r genuine O rdnung l erne J esu P assion".

In the ordinary form of the Roman rite, the introit of the second Sunday of Lent since 1970 has alternatively been Tibi dixit cor meum, quaesivi vultum tuum. Faciem tuam, Domine, requiram, ne avertas faciem tuam a me. “My heart thinks of your word: Look for my face! I will seek your face, Lord. Do not hide your face from me. "( Ps 27 : 8-9  EU )

During Lent there are in the Liturgy no Hallelujah , and Gloria is only at festivals and solemnities sung. Often people do not call to church services with full bells; the organ is - except on the fourth Sunday of Lent - only allowed to accompany the singing. The altar may only be decorated with flowers on Sunday Laetare . The liturgical color is purple. On Laetare , pink paraments can be used instead, as on the third Sunday in Advent (Gaudete) . The purple, lightened to pink, indicates the joy of the approaching Easter at the end of the penance period.

The Sunday Invocabit was also called “white Sunday” in the Middle Ages, because in Rome the baptismal applicants who wanted to receive their baptism on Easter vigil went to church in white baptismal robes for the first time and took part in the service on this Sunday. Since the Council of Trento , the Sunday after Easter has been referred to as Dominica in Albis ( White Sunday ).

In evangelical theology, the invocavit sermons of Martin Luther in 1522 in Wittenberg and, on the Reformed side, sausage eating at the Zurich printer Christoph Froschauer , which also took place in 1522, are inseparably linked with the Sunday Invocavit .

Sundays of the pre-Passion time or pre-fasting time

The Sundays before Ash Wednesday (until 2018 three, from 2019 up to five) are referred to as the pre-Passion time in the Evangelical Church . In the Roman Catholic Church this time was called the pre-fasting period until the liturgical reform of 1968, since then it has belonged to the time of the year in the ordinary form of the Roman rite . The liturgical color is green in both denominations. In the extraordinary form of the Roman rite , purple vestments are still used in the pre-fasting period, as they were before the liturgical reform .

“Presumably under the influence of Eastern Church practice, a pre-Lent that began with the Sunday Septuagesimae [...] was preceded in Rome since the 6th century. Other influences - the preparation for the Easter baptism, an increased sense of penance in view of the uncertain world situation - may have played a role. "

The last three Sundays before Lent or Passion are named

  • Circumdederunt or Septuagesimae (in the Catholic Church Septuagesima ) ( Latin septuagesimus , "seventieth"), 70th day before the end of Easter week, which ends with the Sunday Quasimodogeniti :
    "Circumdederunt me gemitus mortis"
    ("I was embraced by the fetters of Death ", Ps 18,5  EU )
  • Exsurge or Sexagesimae (in the Catholic Church Sexagesima ) (Latin sexagesimus , "sixtieth"), about 60 days left:
    "Exsurge, quare obdormis, Domine"
    ("Wake up! Why are you sleeping, Lord?", Ps 44:24  EU )
  • Estomihi or Quinquagesimae (in the Catholic Church Quinquagesima ) (Latin quinquagesimus , "fiftieth"), about 50 days left:
    "Esto mihi in Deum protectorem, et in locum refugii, ut salvum me facias."
    ("Be a protective rock for me." , a strong castle that saves me. ", Ps 31,3  EU )

As part of the pericope revision , the Evangelical Church in Germany decided in November 2017 to extend the pre-fasting period to up to five Sundays; the two additional Sundays are referred to as the 4th and 5th "Sunday before the Passion". The principle is to set the change from Epihanias to pre- Lent on a fixed date: “There are now four stable Sundays after Epiphany, the last of which coincides approximately with February 2nd ( Presentation of the Lord ); this is followed by up to five Sundays before the Passion time. ”This means that the Epiphany time can accordingly be two Sundays shorter than was the case in the regulations that were valid up to then. According to the reorganization, which came into force at the beginning of the church year on the First Advent of 2018, in years with very early Easter there are also no other pre-Lent Sundays, in extreme cases - for example, if Easter is celebrated on March 22nd in a normal year and Invokavit on February 8th will - even all.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Praise to God . Edition for the Archdiocese of Cologne. No. 803,13f.
  2. ↑ Guido Muff: White Sunday . In: Walter Kasper (Ed.): Lexicon for Theology and Church . 3. Edition. tape 10 . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 2001, Sp. 1052 f . Manfred Becker-Huberti : Celebrations - Festivals - Seasons. Living customs all year round . Herder, Freiburg-Basel-Wien 1998, ISBN 3-451-27702-6 , p. 260.
  3. ^ Matthias Reuter: Eating sausages - breaking the fast in 1522 . Reformed Church of the Canton of Zurich, accessed on February 5, 2018.
  4. ↑ Karl-Heinrich Bieritz: The church service in the church year: Introduction to the proprium de tempore. In: Evangelisches Gottesdienstbuch , supplementary volume, p. 162.
  5. ↑ Report of the Council of the EKD, Part B: 4.2 Revision of the divine service readings and sermon texts . Evangelical Church in Germany, 4th meeting of the 12th Synod of the EKD, 12. – 15. November 2017, accessed February 5, 2018.
  6. ^ Pericope revision: draft for testing . Union of Evangelical Churches , July 23, 2014, page 16, accessed on February 5, 2018 (pdf; 4.4 MB).
  7. ^ 4th session of the 12th general synod of the VELKD ended . Evangelical Church in Germany, November 11, 2017, accessed on February 5, 2018.
  8. ^ Pericope revision . Union of Evangelical Churches , January 24, 2018, accessed on February 5, 2018.