Sophienstrasse (Dresden)
| Sophienstrasse | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Sophienstrasse towards Postplatz | |
| Basic data | |
| place | Dresden |
| District | Inner old town |
| Hist. Names | At the Klosterthor |
| Cross streets | Große Brüdergasse, Kleine Brüdergasse, Taschenberg |
| Places |
Postplatz , Theaterplatz |
| Buildings | Wilsdruffer Kubus, Haus am Zwinger , Taschenbergpalais , Dresden Residenzschloss , Zwinger , Altstädtische Hauptwache |
| use | |
| User groups |
Motor traffic , public transport , pedestrian traffic , bicycle traffic |
The Sophie Street is a city road in the center of Dresden . It connects the Postplatz with the Theaterplatz and leads between two of Dresden's most famous sights: Zwinger and Residenzschloss . There are several listed buildings along Sophienstrasse.
traffic
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Sophienstrasse plays a subordinate role for private motorized traffic . There is little through traffic and flows from Wilsdruffer Straße from Postplatz via Theaterplatz to the Terrassenufer . In the opposite direction from the Terrassenufer at Postplatz, only a right turn into Ostra-Allee in the Wilsdruffer Vorstadt is permitted. The streets of the north-western inner old town - Große and Kleine Brüdergasse - are connected to the road network via Sophienstrasse, and Schloßstrasse can also be reached via Taschenberg . Due to its location in the midst of several tourist attractions, foot traffic along and via Sophienstrasse is relatively heavy, which is why the maximum speed limit is 30 km / h.
There are no bike paths; Cyclists use the paved lanes (one in each direction), on which there are also the tracks for the Dresden tram . Lines 4, 8 and 9 of the Dresdner Verkehrsbetriebe serve local public transport , the next stops are at Postplatz and Theaterplatz. The trams continue across Schloßplatz and the Augustus Bridge , which is closed to motorized individual traffic . A fee is due for using the few parking spaces along Sophienstrasse. There are also two stops on the Dresden city tour at Taschenberg and Theaterplatz.
history
The course of today's Sophienstraße once marked the north-western end of the medieval city foundation of Dresden and subsequently became part of the city wall in the section between the castle and Wilsdruffer Tor when the Dresden fortifications were built . When the fortress was expanded in the 16th century, the northwestern area of the later Zwinger was also included, where the Bastion Tree Nursery was built (later called Bastion Luna). Nevertheless, the area of today's Sophienstrasse remained on the outskirts of the city. It was shaped, among other things, by the Dresden Franciscan monastery on the Große and Kleine Brüdergasse with its convent garden to the northeast. The area of the Zwinger served as an electoral orchard until after 1700.
In the heyday of the Dresden Baroque , a lot of building activity began at the beginning of the 18th century. The Taschenbergpalais, which was later expanded several times, was built from 1705 to 1708. In the 1710s and 1720s the ornamental buildings of the Zwinger were built as an orangery and a representative fairground. In 1745 , Andreas Adam had his Adamsche house built on the west side of the street near Postplatz . It was already laid out then, but still nameless, and ran in a north-south direction. The yard washing house was built to the north of the Adamsche Haus, and to the north the stables were adjacent and sealed off the area in the direction of the Zwinger. The area there was still called "In the monastery" in the early 19th century, even if the Franciscan monastery no longer existed since the introduction of the Reformation and its buildings, with the exception of the monastery church, had gradually been demolished.
As a result of the Reformation, the monastery and the church had been used as an armory and warehouse for over 50 years in the 16th century. Electress Sophie von Brandenburg (1568–1622), widow of Christian I of Saxony , had ensured that from 1598 services were held in the church again. Soon afterwards the church was named Sophienkirche in her honor . After the monastery gate at the level of Kleine Brüdergasse had stopped when the city fortifications were razed at the beginning of the 19th century, the street was called Am Klosterthor or Klosterthorgasse. In 1840 the monastery gate was demolished, and two years later the old stables too.
In 1840 the street was named Sophienstraße. The decisive factor for this was the location at the Sophienkirche. The name was initially limited to the area between today's Postplatz and the space between the Glockenspielpavillon , Sophienkirche and Taschenbergpalais, which was called Zwingerplatz in the 1860s. This urban space was created by demolishing the outer staircase leading to the upper floor of the glockenspiel or city pavilion of the Zwinger (1826) and the opera house at the Zwinger, which burned down during the Dresden May uprising in 1849 . Only later was the name Sophienstrasse transferred to this area and the section north of it to Theaterplatz.
In the southern part of Sophienstraße, the old two-story residential buildings gave way to eaves-facing town houses from the Wilhelminian era with four full floors. The German Herold had its Dresden branch in one of them . The Adamsche Haus opposite - known as Stadtwaldschlößchen after 1865 because the Waldschlößchen brewery ran its main bar in the city center with an attached beer garden - received an enclosing two-storey extension that was used for the restaurant, but also for various shops. The complex of Adamschem Haus and Hofwaschhaus could also be bypassed at an early stage to the north and west on an initially nameless path, which after 1945 became the new main route on Sophienstrasse.
On June 19, 1881, the route from Postplatz to Waldschlösschen was one of the first in the history of the Dresden tram network to go into operation, which led over Sophienstrasse. The former opera house on Taschenberg , which last served as an archive , was demolished in 1889. According to plans by Schilling & Graebner , the Wettinobelisk with figures by Johannes Schilling, which was destroyed in 1945, was built in 1895/96 in the middle of the triangular square between the castle, Zwinger and Taschenbergpalais . In contrast, the cholera fountain, inaugurated in 1846 and moved from Postplatz to Sophienstrasse in 1927, is still used today to decorate the street .
The air raids on Dresden in February 1945 represented a serious turning point in the history of the street . All adjacent buildings were destroyed by bombs. The ruins in the southern part near the Postplatz were later removed. The demolition of the Sophienkirche ruins in 1962/63 proved to be particularly controversial. The Zwinger (1950s), the Taschenbergpalais (1992–1995) and the castle (since the 1980s) were rebuilt. On the east side of Sophienstrasse, the HO restaurant “Am Zwinger” was built between 1965 and 1967 , popularly known as “Freßwürfel”. The west side, formerly the location of Adam's house, remained undeveloped and from then on served as a traffic area.
In 1999 the house at the Zwinger was completed and the northern part of the former location of the Sophienkirche was built over. In order to point out the house of God, however, at the instigation of the State Office for Monument Preservation in 1998/99, the true-to-scale outline of the church in the form of large paving stones made of red Meissen granite was depicted on the floor. Since 1999, a plaque designed by the Dresden artist Einhart Grotegut has been pointing to the Sophienkirche at the level of the former main portal. In addition, the Busmann Chapel memorial was built in 2009 to commemorate the church.
The confluence with Sophienstrasse was also affected by the redesign of the Postplatz around 2006. By 2007 the "eating cube" was demolished again. When the Wilsdruffer Kubus was built on Postplatz as the first new building of the post-reunification period in 2007/08, the southern part of Sophienstrasse was built over, something that architects and Dresden citizens criticized. Since 2015, two Dresden Stolpersteine in front of the glockenspiel pavilion of the Zwinger have been pointing to two men who were involved in the development of the porcelain carillon and who perished as Jehovah's Witnesses after imprisonment in a concentration camp in the Third Reich.
Development
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Today there are no more buildings with the address Sophienstraße. Another special feature is that there is no uniform building line on Sophienstrasse - until 1945 there was one in the southern section, which is now overbuilt. For historical reasons, the street runs diagonally through the adjoining buildings and instead of a closed street space it forms several lined up squares, such as the forecourt of the Glockenspiel pavilion, once known as the Zwingerplatz, and the space between the castle, the Zwinger and the Taschenbergpalais. On the northwest side of the street are the old town main guard and the Zwinger, on the southeast side the castle, the Taschenbergpalais, the house at the Zwinger, the memorial Busmannkapelle and the Wilsdruffer Kubus.
The Altstädtische Hauptwache , also called Schinkelwache after its architect Karl Friedrich Schinkel , was built from 1830 to 1832 under the direction of Joseph Thürmer as the city police station. It shows itself in the style of Berlin classicism , which is seldom represented in Dresden, and its size clearly lags behind the neighboring buildings such as the Catholic Court Church and the Semperoper . On the side facing Sophienstrasse is the portico with six Ionic columns. In addition to the ticket office and the rights office of the Semperoper, the building houses a tourist information office and a café.
The Zwinger adjoins it to the southwest . The total work of art of architecture, sculpture and painting, built under the direction of the architect Matthäus Daniel Pöppelmann and the sculptor Balthasar Permoser , is one of the most important buildings of the Baroque and, along with the Frauenkirche, is the most famous architectural monument and symbol of Dresden. The following parts of the building complex are lined up along Sophienstrasse: the Sempergalerie , the German Pavilion with its extension, the carillon pavilion flanked by two arched galleries and the porcelain pavilion with its extension. This means that high-ranking Dresden museums are right on Sophienstrasse: the Old Masters picture gallery in the Sempergalerie and the porcelain collection in the porcelain pavilion.
The Green Vault, which is also part of the Dresden State Art Collection and is the most extensive collection of treasures in Europe, is seamlessly integrated into this list and is located opposite the Old Town Main Guard in the west wing of Dresden Castle . The Renaissance building was the residential palace of the Saxon electors (1547–1806) and kings (1806–1918). As the headquarters of the Albertine line of the Wettin family , it was formative for the cultural development of Dresden from the 16th century. The residence is one of the oldest buildings in the city and historically significant, as all styles from Romanesque to historicism have left their mark on the building. Today it is mainly a museum building.
The Taschenbergpalais , a grand hotel of the Kempinski hotel group, is south of Taschenberg . Externally, the complex represents the lush Dresden baroque style. August the Strong had the palace built as a gift for his mistress Constantia von Cosel in the immediate vicinity of his castle, to which it is connected by a bridge. After its destruction in the Second World War, the house remained in ruins until it was opened 50 years after the end of the war in 1995 as the first 5-star hotel in Saxony. The interior of the building is modern, with the exception of the stairwell, which has been refurbished in accordance with monument regulations. The house has 182 rooms and 32 suites for guests. In June 2009, US President Barack Obama stayed at the Taschenbergpalais, where the Bilderberg Conference took place in June 2016 .
The neo-Gothic cholera fountain , made by the sculptor Franz Schwarz , stands in the corner between the Taschenbergpalais and Haus am Zwinger . The latter is a former office block built in 1999 by the investor Advanta. The elongated building gains urban significance through the reconstruction of the historic Kleine Brüdergasse , the south side of which it forms. The building designed by Heinz Tesar was popularly known for a long time as the "Advanta bar". Since its complete renovation by the denkmalneu group of companies (spring 2015 to spring 2016), the building has been officially called "The Living House". It houses shops, offices, apartments, restaurants and a conference center. In the three central stairwells, the Viennese artist and perception researcher sha. Light-sound artworks installed.
The Busmann Chapel Memorial has been under construction since 2009 at the confluence of Grosse Brüdergasse and Sophienstrasse . This is according to the design of the Dresden architectural firm Gustav and Lungwitz of 1995 to a spatial reproduction of the 1400 side mounted to the Ayasofya Busmannkapelle at their original location. The slightly abstract chapel, the three walls of which are made of exposed concrete, is protected by a glass enclosure and should contain original architectural parts and fragments in their original places. Four buttresses erected in the open air from the chapel illustrate the size of the Sophienkirche.
The Wilsdruffer Kubus rises south of the memorial . The office and commercial building with underground parking has a sandstone grid facade. The strictly right-angled building is intended to form a contrast to the house at the Zwinger with its curved tip. The main tenant is the largest European software manufacturer SAP , which has its Dresden branch there.
literature
- Stadtlexikon Dresden A-Z . Verlag der Kunst, Dresden 1995, ISBN 3-364-00300-9 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Adolf Hantzsch: Name book of the streets and squares of Dresden. Series of publications by the Society for the History of Dresden, 17/18, Baensch, Dresden 1905.
- ↑ dresden.de: Wilsdruffer Kubus. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
- ↑ das-neue-dresden.de: Postplatz "Wilsdruffer Kubus". Grid facade in sandstone. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
Coordinates: 51 ° 3 ′ 7 " N , 13 ° 44 ′ 4" E