Waldschlösschen (Dresden)

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Main front (south facade) of the Waldschlösschen (2017)

The Waldschlösschen is a listed building in Dresden in the Radeberger Vorstadt district . Erected from 1800 as a hunting lodge for the influential Saxon court official Camillo Marcolini according to plans by an architect who is not known by name , it is considered an early example of historicism in Saxony and the oldest neo-Gothic building in Dresden. It was named after the neighboring Waldschlößchen brewery (today the “Brauhaus am Waldschlösschen” pub brewery ), the Waldschlösschen district and the Waldschlößchen bridge . After being used for residential purposes in the meantime, the building fell into disrepair in the 1990s and 2000s. Since a renovation from 2009 to 2013, it has belonged to a private specialist clinic for psychosomatic medicine .

Location

Waldschlösschen (top, middle) at the northern end of the Waldschlösschen area, which was dominated by large office buildings from the 1990s

The Waldschlösschen stands on the right Elbe 3.5 kilometers northeast of the Altmarkt on the outer edge of the Dresden suburb belt . It is located on the northern edge of the Waldschlösschenviertel or area named after him in the east of the Radeberger suburb of Dresden and thus in the far east of the Neustadt district . Its location, surrounded by trees, is several meters above street level on a sand hill on the edge of the Heidesand terrace (middle terrace) at about 140  m above sea level. NN , a little above the Dresden Elbe slopes gently flowing towards the west .

Immediately to the north of the building at Radeberger Strasse 60, Charlottenstrasse joins Radeberger Strasse , with the other side of the street being part of Albertstadt ( Jägerpark ). The street Am Waldschlößchen runs immediately to the east, the Sudhausweg south of the hill on which the Waldschlösschen stands. Most of the buildings in the neighborhood are significantly larger in their dimensions than the Waldschlösschen, such as the Wilhelminian-style residential houses adjoining to the west along Radeberger Strasse, the modern office buildings in the Waldschlösschen area to the south and the former soldiers' houses and barracks in Albertstadt to the north.

Structural matters

East facade of the Waldschlösschen

The Waldschlösschen appears as a representative hunting lodge in the English neo-Gothic style, which is seldom found in Dresden , clearly based on British country palace architecture, but also with echoes of the late Gothic in medieval Germany. The gothic forms, however, only serve to decorate the facade. The house itself with its rectangular floor plan, on the other hand, has the calm and block-like basic forms of classicism and, with the large hall on the upper floor, a room arrangement that is more based on baroque traditions. The Waldschlösschen thus represents an idiosyncratic, in Dresden very early form of architecture with historicizing elements, where its architectural significance for the state capital and Saxony lies. Once the building stood free in the landscape, starting in the 19th century, the immediate neighboring properties were gradually built on.

The largest part of the building consists of a half-timbered construction , which is clad in large parts on the outside with a light gray painted wooden formwork. Masonry made of Cotta and Posta sandstone , on the other hand, is shown in front of the south facade, which is to be addressed as the main front and which lies on the former garden side towards the Elbe , and the adjacent first of four window axes of the side facades. The house has two full floors and an attic that emerges on the central symmetrical, five-axis main front in the form of a picturesque gable. This forms the upper end of a three-axis risalite , in the area of ​​which the sandstone is plastered on both full floors; On the other hand, it is made of exposed brickwork on the sides and largely on the gable .

Typical Gothic elements can be found on the windows, among other things. On the main front, the two side windows on the ground floor are closed with a pointed arch and all windows on the upper floor are closed with a double keel arch , which is crowned with finials in the area of ​​the risalits . The two fragmented versprossten ground floor windows of the projections have an oval shape in which a drawn quatrefoil with schneußenartiger ornamentation place. Blend columns with plate capitals and bell-shaped neck, known in this form from the English early Gothic, flank the main portal with its door closed by a pointed arch in the central axis, which is borne by the alliance coat of arms of the former landlord Camillo Marcolini and his Irish-born wife, a née O'Kelly , is crowned. Above the coat of arms, which can also be found in a different form at the Palais Brühl-Marcolini in Dresden's Friedrichstadt , an ornamental gable closes the portal as a roof , which continues as a cornice at the side .

The gable of the attic begins above a frieze of three-pass arches . There are also many Gothic elements in it, including pointed arches, three passes, plate capitals and finials. On the right and left, a canopy forms the end of the gable. Balustrades with quatrains adjoin the gable on the side and are also repeated in the middle as a fall protection for the balcony. The four pinnacles are typically Gothic, two of which are on the gable and one on each corner of the building. On the hipped roof are three chimneys decorated with gothic shapes; in the east, north and west direction there is a dormer window . In contrast to the five-axis main front, in addition to the four-axis side fronts, the rear facing Radeberger Straße is only four-axis, but there, too, there are windows with Gothic echoes. The two central axes of the rear face are relatively close together, the outer axes follow at a greater distance.

history

From the construction period around 1800 until the turn of the century

Camillo Marcolini , portrait, before 1814
Brauhaus am Waldschlösschen , 2007

The owner of the Waldschlösschen was Camillo Marcolini (1739–1814). The Italian had once come to the Dresden court as a silver page and had made a steep political career there. He rose first to the position of chief steward, then to privy councilor and lord of chamberlain, and finally to Saxon cabinet minister. He enjoyed the trust of the Elector and later King Friedrich August and was also director of the Meissen porcelain factory and general director of the Dresden Art Academy and the art collections . In the east of the then largely undeveloped area “New Cultivation”, which means the urban area that once belonged to the Dresdner Heide and is now built up by the Äußere Neustadt and Radeberger Vorstadt, Marcolini bought land from 1785 to 1787 in order to build a model agricultural estate based on the English model to build. The Marcolini Vorwerk as the center of this estate, to which extensive meadows and fields belonged, was built on the site of the former Posern ball foundry at Bautzner Straße 96. After several renovations, the listed property is still known today as the Marcolinis or Marcolini Vorwerk (see list of cultural monuments in the new town ).

From the hill in the north-eastern area of ​​his lands there was a view from east-north-east along the Elbe to the inner old town of Dresden , which is now known as the Waldschlösschenblick, and which has been kept free of buildings until recently . There, at the transition from his gardens and fields to the Dresden Heath , he let his wife Maria Anna O'Kelly and himself build the Waldschlösschen as a hunting lodge. It is possible that his wife, of Irish descent, conveyed the English-Neo-Gothic formal language. In the literature there is often the statement that the Waldschlösschen was built between 1785 and 1790 according to plans by Johann Daniel Schade . For example, the Dresden art historian Fritz Löffler wrote in his main work, Das alten Dresden , that the architect and the time when the Waldschlösschen was built are still unclear. However, there are more arguments for Schade, who also created the artificial ruin in Pillnitz and who led several construction projects for Marcolini, as the originator than for Christian Friedrich Schuricht . On the basis of the fact that Marcolini had acquired the property in 1785, Löffler ultimately wrongly assumed that the Waldschlösschen was completed before 1790.

As dendrochronological studies in the period 2009/10 showed, the first smaller building was not built until 1800, two years after Schade's death, which means that the name of the architect responsible is still unclear. Marcolini had the initially single-storey hunting lodge extended in two construction phases to include the upper storey, the attic and the sandstone facade. A landscape garden was created around it, into which it blended in like a staffage . In its early years, the building was called "Maison gothique" (Gothic house) or "Jagdschlößchen". What Marcolini put it is not known. What is certain, however, is that it was given the name Waldschlösschen after a few decades at the latest due to its location on the edge of the forest. Around 1810 created Gottlob Friedrich Thormeyer an outline - etching leading to the existence of the Kupferstichkabinett Dresden belongs and externally finished Waldschlösschen shows to the hill, a long, straight path from the Bautzner road leads. After Marcolini's death in exile in Prague in 1814, his property, including the building, was auctioned.

From 1829, its owners at the time ran a pub in the Waldschlösschen , from which there was a view of Dresden and Saxon Switzerland , which increased the building's popularity and popularity. Seven years later, citizens of Dresden founded one of the first German stock breweries . In October 1836, they acquired the entire site up to Bautzner Straße from the owner at the time, Carl Christoph Müller, at a price of 8,500 thalers and built a large brewery there by 1838, which was soon named Societätsbrauerei zum Waldschlößchen after the former hunting lodge, which was only 30 years old at the time . A line of sight to Bautzner Strasse remained free along the west side of the complex. Since then, the Waldschlösschen has been leading a shadowy existence in the back of the mighty brewery area with its representative bar. From the middle of the 1870s, the Saxon Army built the barracks in Albertstadt, which also built the immediate hinterland of the Waldschlösschen and moved the edge of the Dresden Heide forest to the north.

Finally, towards the end of the 19th century, the villas in the Prussian Quarter also reached the area around the Waldschlösschen. Waldschlößchenstraße was laid out in 1885 and then, continued along Radeberger Straße to the immediate vicinity of Waldschlösschen, built with Wilhelminian-style residential houses, including rear buildings, in closed construction, which come within a few meters of the historic building. While maintaining its external shape, the Waldschlösschen was rebuilt for residential purposes in 1915 and 1930, for which, among other things, several partition walls and ceilings were installed on the upper floor. Since then, the house has been used by brewery employees. The expropriation and nationalization of the brewery after the Second World War and in the time of the GDR also affected the Waldschlösschen attached to it, which in the 1980s belonged to the state-owned Dresden beverage combine as part of the brewery.

Failed and executed recovery plans from 1990

Condition before the renovation (2007), including weathered sandstone and missing finials on the pinnacles
Condition before the renovation (2008), among other things with boarded-up windows on the ground floor to protect against vandalism and burglary and a yellow-brown wooden facade

After the fall of the Wall in 1990, Bayerische Hausbau bought the entire brewery area and devoted itself to extensive structural redesign from 1992 to 1997. For the dilapidated and meanwhile in great need of renovation Waldschlösschen itself, which was inhabited until 1992 and then served as a construction office for the neighboring large construction site, there were initial plans for a renovation in 1997, which was to begin in 1998. But then Bayerische Hausbau GmbH sold the building to GbR Historisches Waldschlößchen, which in turn began planning renovations in early 2000. The aim was to open an inn with 120 seats inside and outside in January 2002. In the period 2000/01, the owners at that time had a sponge renovation carried out, the roof re-covered and the brick chimneys that had been installed in the meantime dismantled in favor of the original sandstone chimney heads. However, the GbR Historisches Waldschlößchen took over financially. Its majority owner, a former director of the art'otel dresden , went into hiding before the actual renovation started. The planned renovation came to a standstill.

Despite several attempts and efforts on the part of the monument protection office, which had to protect the building against break-ins and vandalism, initially no new investor was found in the following years. At the beginning of 2007, the Dresden entrepreneur and later President of the Chamber of Crafts, Jörg Dittrich, bought the property, but ultimately looked unsuccessfully for a user with a viable concept despite several interested parties. That is why he put the historic building up for auction in June 2008. Since nobody wanted to pay the starting bid of 190,000 euros, the auction of the house, the name of which was now known nationwide due to the controversy surrounding the Waldschlößchenbrücke , failed . In a second auction attempt in June 2009, the starting bid for the 1,473 square meter property overgrown by scrub and the dilapidated building with 332 square meters of residential or office space was reduced to 99,000 euros. This led to a bidding contest, which the current (as of 2018) owner, the head of a neighboring private specialist clinic, won with his successful bid of 214,000 euros. Another year later, in June 2010, he went public for the first time and announced his restructuring plans.

During a construction study commissioned by him, it had emerged, among other things, that the foundations of the Waldschlösschen were drifting outwards on the sand hill under its own weight, which led to the formation of cracks in the facade. One of the prerequisites for a renovation was consequently the drawing in of a concrete belt into the subsoil around the foundation, which ultimately ensured the stability of the house. Decades of neglect also resulted in significant damage to the building structure - from weathered sandstone to broken windows to the graffiti-smeared wooden paneling on the north facade. The once rotten wooden floors on the ground floor had been removed. The client therefore began a careful restoration of the structure of the building, which was largely preserved in the original, together with a Pirna architects' association experienced in monument restoration, whereby the floorboards , stucco ceilings, windows, doors and staircases, all from around 1800, were refurbished and integrated. The false ceilings and walls that were built into the building for residential purposes in the early 20th century were removed, which is why the ballroom on the upper floor can be experienced in its original size. Nevertheless, the Waldschlösschen was also adapted to modern requirements, for example by installing underfloor heating.

The missing sandstone parts, for example the incomplete pinnacles, were supplemented with historical images; The stonemason company responsible received a commendation for this when the Peter Parler Prize was awarded in 2013. In addition to the refreshing color of the exterior facade - the worn dark yellow of the wooden paneling gave way to a light gray tone - the preservation of historical paintings on interior walls, funded by the German Foundation for Monument Protection with 10,000 euros, played a role and blankets play a special role. For this purpose, the walls were washed and parts of the old paintings were exposed, secured and partly restored. On the first floor there was a painted wall mirror arrangement on some of the interior walls with an illusionistic coffered base and freely applied floral ornaments from around 1800. The rooms on the upper floor were adorned with large stucco profiles and valleys that had been hidden for decades under the built-in false ceilings. There, however, the color findings were sparse, which is why experts suspected that there were fabric coverings or wallpaper on the walls, of which, however, no remnants remained.

Since the provisional completion of the restoration work in 2013, the Waldschlösschen has been used again. Its rooms serve as offices and therapy rooms for the neighboring specialist clinic. In September 2017, the Waldschlösschen opened its doors to the public for the first time on the day of the open monument. The offer included guided tours and lectures on the history of the building.

Namesake

Wall fountain at Bautzner Straße 153, to the left of the Gambrinus figure the relief representation of the Waldschlösschen

Over the decades, the Waldschlösschen, as a significant single property, similar to the Wilder Mann winery in northwest Dresden, gave its name to the surrounding area. This began when the Waldschlößchen brewery named after him expanded into a large area at the end of the 1830s, which has been known as the Waldschlösschen area since it was rebuilt in the 1990s. The Waldschlösschenviertel includes further areas in an easterly direction up to the Neustädter district boundary and thus extends between Angelikastrasse and Waldschlößchenstrasse, which was named in 1888. The Waldschlößchenbrücke officially got its name in January 2012, after having been popularly known for years. The tunnel at the northern bridgehead under the Waldschlößchenstrasse is known as the Waldschlößchen tunnel. The transition from the tunnel to the bridge lies in the middle of the Waldschlösschenwiese, which the Dresden council had actually bought in 1908 with the aim of keeping it free from development forever.

A view of Dresden city center known as Waldschlösschenblick is available from the said meadow as well as from the terrace of the Waldschlößchen brewery slightly above. Their representative main house is also known for short as the Waldschlösschen; Derived from this, the Adamsche House in Dresden's inner old town , which was destroyed in 1945, was given the nickname Stadtwaldschlößchen, as the brewery's bar was located there. A simplified drawing of Marcolini's hunting lodge now adorns the brewery's logo. A relief showing the historical building is part of the disused wall fountain ("Gambrinus fountain") on the retaining wall of the terrace of the brewery at Bautzner Strasse 153 (see list of fountains and water features in Dresden ). The street Am Waldschlößchen was given its name in 1996. As early as 1863, a paddle steamer built by the Saxon-Bohemian Steamship Company in Blasewitz was given the name Waldschlösschen . It is also the namesake of the "Klinik am Waldschlösschen", some of which has been located in the Waldschlösschen since the renovation was completed .

Web links

Commons : Waldschlösschen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑
    Beech trees occupied by Robin Wood activists at the confluence with Angelika- / Bautzner Strasse on January 10, 2008, five days before they were felled
    The Dresden bridge dispute about the construction of the Waldschlößchenbrücke , which began at the end of 2007, culminated in the withdrawal of the UNESCO World Heritage title for the Dresden Elbe Valley cultural landscape in 2009 . Among other things, a red beech tree planted in 1805 in the English landscape garden of the Waldschlösschen at the confluence of Angelikastrasse and Bautzner Strasse was felled at the beginning of 2008 for road construction work in connection with the bridge construction . This had led to a nationwide media coverage due to the previous, more than 30-day tree occupation by activists of the nature conservation organization Robin Wood . A chronology of these events can be found in the article Robin-Wood-Buche in Stadtwiki Dresden.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cultural monuments on the Dresden themed city map. Accessed on November 3, 2018. See list of cultural monuments in the Neustadt (Dresden, P – Z) .
  2. ^ Fritz Löffler : The old Dresden - history of its buildings . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1981, ISBN 3-363-00007-3 , p. 340 .
  3. ^ Fritz Löffler : The old Dresden - history of its buildings . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1981, ISBN 3-363-00007-3 , p. 341 .
  4. ↑ Gilbert Lupfer et al. (Ed.): Architecture Guide Dresden. Dietrich Reimer, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-496-01179-3 , p. 124.
  5. ^ Fritz Löffler : The old Dresden - history of its buildings . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1981, ISBN 3-363-00007-3 , p. 326 .
  6. ↑ Carola Nathan: Hidden behind the brush. In: Monuments Online , Edition 2/2012. Retrieved November 3, 2018.
  7. ^ The Societäts-Brauerei zum Waldschlößchen near Dresden. In: Eduard Sommer: Saxonia, Museum for Saxon Patriotic Studies. Vol. 5, Dresden 1841, p. 11. ( digitized version )
  8. ↑ Establishment Waldschlößchen-Terrasse. Dresden 1900, p. 9. ( digitized version )
  9. ↑ Ralf Redemund: At the Waldschlößchen. In: Dresdner Latest News , edition May 14, 1997.
  10. ↑ Genia Bleier: Marcolini's hunting lodge becomes a restaurant. In: Dresdner Latest News , edition February 26, 2001.
  11. ↑ Heidrun Hannusch: Historical walls in rapid decline. In: Dresdner Latest News , Edition October 6, 2005, p. 14. ( Copy of the text on welterbe-dresdner-elbtal.de )
  12. ↑ Heidrun Hannusch: Waldschlößchen saved. In: Dresdner Latest News , edition February 21, 2007, p. 14.
  13. ↑ Heidrun Hannusch: Neo-Gothic from 190000 euros. In: Dresdner Latest News , edition May 27, 2008, p. 16.
  14. ↑ Bettina Klemm: Waldschlösschen goes under the hammer. In: sz-online.de , May 23, 2009. Accessed November 3, 2018.
  15. ↑ Genia Bleier: Marcolini's Waldschlösschen is sold. In: Dresdner Latest News , edition June 3, 2009, p. 15.
  16. ↑ The hospital operator is renovating the Waldschlößchen in Dresden. In: lvz.de , June 10, 2010. Accessed November 3, 2018.
  17. ^ Catrin Steinbach: Restored Dresden Waldschlösschen to be visited for the first time. In: dnn.de , September 9, 2017. Retrieved November 3, 2018.
  18. ↑ Peter Parler Prize 2013. In: Naturstein , edition 5/2013.
  19. ↑ Genia Bleier: Secret about the Dresden Waldschlösschen - restoration in camera. In: Dresdner Latest News , edition September 5, 2012, p. 13.
  20. ^ Stenzel & Taubert: Dresden, historical forest castle. Retrieved November 3, 2018.
  21. ↑ Dirk Hein: You will soon be able to take a look at the Waldschlösschen. In: TAG24 , September 6, 2017. Retrieved November 3, 2018.
  22. ↑ dresden-neustadt.de: Waldschlößchenstrasse. Retrieved November 3, 2018.
  23. ↑ Entwicklungsforum-dresden.de: Waldschlösschen. Retrieved November 3, 2018.
  24. ↑ klinik-waldschloesschen.de: Klinik am Waldschlösschen. Retrieved November 3, 2008.

Coordinates: 51 ° 4 ′ 11.8 "  N , 13 ° 46 ′ 41.5"  E