Speltach

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Speltach
The Speltach near the Gründisches Brunnen. View upriver roughly to west-northwest. In the background on the right the hamlet of Fichtenhaus.

The Speltach near the Gründisches Brunnen . View upriver roughly to west-northwest. In the background on the right the hamlet of Fichtenhaus .

Data
Water code DE : 238816
location Swabian-Franconian forest mountains

Baden-Württemberg

River system Rhine
Drain over Jagst  → Neckar  → Rhine  → North Sea
origin Confluence of the right Buchbach and the left Lanzenbach at Frankenhardt- Oberspeltach
49 ° 6 ′ 10 ″  N , 9 ° 58 ′ 46 ″  E
Source height approx.  422  m above sea level NHN
muzzle At Crailsheim- Jagstheim from the left and west into the upper Jagst coordinates: 49 ° 5 '40 "  N , 10 ° 4' 4"  E 49 ° 5 '40 "  N , 10 ° 4' 4"  E
Mouth height 403.2  m above sea level NHN
Height difference approx. 18.8 m
Bottom slope approx. 2.7 ‰
length 6.9 km  from Zsfls. Buchbach / Lanzenbach

11.2 km with Buchbach

11.3 km with Lanzenbach
Catchment area 37.412 km²
Discharge at the Unterspeltach
A Eo gauge : 33 km²
Location: 2.263 km above the mouth 		MNQ
MQ
Mq
 MHQ
 29 l / s
364 l / s
11 l / (s km²)
 11.68 m³ / s

The Speltach is a small river in the district of Schwäbisch Hall in north-eastern Baden-Württemberg , which mostly runs in the area of ​​the municipality of Frankenhardt and flows into the upper Jagst from the left and about west in the Crailsheim district of Jagstheim . The wide floodplain of the river and its open erosion bay up to the edge of the surrounding forests are called Speltachgrund .

geography

Headwaters

The Speltach arises, according to the local topographical map and according to information provided by locals, from the confluence of its upper reaches Buchbach and Lanzenbach on the southern edge of the village of Oberspeltach at about 422  m above sea level. NHN . The longest strands of the spring streams, some of which only have intermittent water-bearing sections, are just under 4.5 km long and arise at an altitude of 450–475 m.

Buchbach

The right upper reaches of the Buchbach rises on the northeast slope Kohlsteige of the Hackenberg , approx. 0.6 km northwest of Frankenhardt- Steinehaig on the border with the urban area of Vellberg . It flows quite steadily to the east, takes on an almost equally long southwestern branch at the foot of the hamlet of Waldbuch , shortly afterwards a slightly shorter northwestern branch at Bonolzhof and after about 4.3 km reaches the confluence with the almost equally long Lanzenbach, which comes from the northwest .

Lanzenbach

The Lanzenbach arises in a bay in the forest area of ​​the Vellberg district of Großaltdorf south of its hamlet Lorenzenzimmern and west of the castle hill , the highest point in the area. It initially flows east through the forest, later south-east in an open valley to Oberspeltach, crosses this only place on the river and then joins the Buchbach on the southern edge of the village after about 4.5 km.

course

The there at about 422  m above sea level. The Speltach, created by the NHN , then flows from Oberspeltach for about 7 km in a consistently south-easterly to easterly direction with little gradient through a strikingly wide, flat and almost settlement-free floodplain, in which it runs alongside smaller tributaries from the right of the Betzenbach , after which it leaves the L 1066 is crossed. The small hamlet of Fichtenhaus lies a little higher above the floodplain on its left edge . After the road bridge, the Hörlesbach soon flows from the left and opposite the Gründischer Brunnen , then the Stettbach , the longest and most catchment-rich tributary , from the right .

After two very short tributaries at the hamlet of Unterspeltach , the outskirts of which extend to the water, the moderately long Scheidklingenbach flows from the left along the border to Crailsheim , in whose Jagstheim district the river now flows. Once again free of settlement for a long time and only temporarily fed by short drainage ditches from the floodplain, the small river reaches the northern edge of the village of Jagstheim , crosses under the B 290 and immediately afterwards the Obere Jagstbahn , which comes from Ellwangen on the uppermost Jagst, which follows to Crailsheim and then flows out at 403.9  m above sea level NHN from left and west in there looped and sluggishly flowing upper Jagst .

The Speltach, which has even been straightened, partly trench-like, flows after a 6.9 km long run with a mean bed gradient of about 2.6 ‰ only about 18 meters lower, calculated from the confluence of its upper reaches. With its two upper reaches it is 11.3 and 11.2 km long.

Catchment area

The catchment area of ​​the Speltach covers about 37 km². It extends further on the right towards Bühler and Steinbach than on the left towards the receiving Jagst. It encompasses a large part of the community of Frankenhardt , plus small gussets in the west of the Vellberger district. In the north, the watershed is partially a little north of the municipal boundary to Crailsheim , in the lower reaches of the east, the river and valley cross over to Crailsheim about 2 km before Jagstheim. The catchment area has roughly the shape of a 7 km × 5 km large, northwest-southeast oriented rectangle, the eastern tip of which would have been pulled out further.

In the north and northeast the Jagst tributary Maulach competes with the Speltach, in the southeast for Honhardt the Jagst tributary Steinbach competes . Further to the west, the watershed climbs the edge of the steps to the Stubensandstein for a short distance around Vorderuhlberg, where the Kocher inflow Blinde Rot competes in the south . Then on the southwest and west side there are the Bühler tributaries Nesselbach and ( Schneckenweiler !) Lanzenbach one after the other . From west to north it is finally the Aalenbach , which also drains to the Bühler.

Daa catchment area is naturally part of the sub-area Burgberg-Vorhöhen and Speltachbucht of the Swabian-Franconian Forest Mountains , the largest part of which it itself includes.

Tributaries

The following waters flow into the Speltach one after the other from the source to the mouth. In addition to the selection offered here, there are also a few short floodplain ditches with predominantly inconsistent drainage. For evidence of the information, see the respective article.

Neighbors

The Speltach has been straightened, and for the most part its headwaters and tributaries in areas where flat meadows take their valley beds. The floodplain of the Speltach often runs through straight drainage ditches. The village of Oberspeltach lies next to the river in flat floodplain areas, the hamlet of Fichtenhaus a little higher on the left edge of the floodplain , the hamlet of Unterspeltach between the bank and the right foot of the slope. Jagstheim, a district of Crailsheim and the only settlement in the catchment area that does not belong to the municipality of Frankenhardt, is located on the lower slope above the triangle of the mouth. The immediate bank location is therefore rarely populated. Other places are on or in the valleys of the western Buchbach source stream (Steinehaig, Waldbuch, Bonolzenhof) or the southern tributaries ( Banzenweiler , Gründelhardt, Brunzenberg , Birkhof , Hellmannshofen , Reishof, Altenfelden, Stetten); the western and southern edges of the catchment area line Spaichbühl and Vorderuhlberg.

The number of residents in the entire area is less than 5000.

On the lower reaches of the Speltach slopes occasionally cover the heaths.

geology

The Speltach and its tributaries run entirely in the Keuper , mostly in the Gipskeuper . The mountainous edge of the catchment area is mostly covered by forest, from the Speltach estuary in the east to the north it shows the shape of a barely ever above 470  m above sea level. NHN outstanding ridge of fluctuating height, reaches a height of 534  m above sea level on the castle hill in the north . NHN , the western and southeastern sections, however rich nowhere about 515  m above sea level. NHN out (Hackenberg, Hahnenberg, Mörder, Vorderuhlberg, Schwindhalde). The deeper central areas above the valley floors, almost entirely free of forest, are characterized by large planed areas above the erosion-resistant Corbula bank of the gypsum keuper, on which arable farming is carried out. They sometimes show a pronounced stratum edge to the flat, wide valley meadows, in which meadows dominate the picture.

The Gründische Brunnen near Unterspeltach

The Neckar-Jagst furrow crosses the Speltach roughly on the Hahnenberg – Gründelhardt – Stettbach estuary line. In this tectonic basin, a little northwest of Gründelhardt, over 500  m above sea level. NHN high, conspicuous elevation Nonnenkappel Relief reversal . Up until the 20th century there was a bitter water well near the mouth of the Stettbach (“ Gründischer Brunnen ”), which was fed from the valley water and was later backfilled after the water appeared elsewhere. During the 1970s the pouring of this spring also decreased and in another spring nearby the pouring increased. In the 1990s, the spring and its immediate surroundings were redesigned as part of land consolidation; it is a broad, cone-shaped dredged spring pool with a noticeably heavy fill.

Protected areas

In the southwest of the catchment area there is a water protection area around the upper Madenbach and the upper Brunnenbach, two higher tributaries of the Stettbach near Gründelhardt. There are three very small landscape protection areas, the northernmost protecting the area around the castle hill, which is mostly in a corridor clearing, with its prehistoric ramparts; the red mountain within the present day outlines of Gründelhardt includes old orchards around a tectonically created hilltop; the wood on the right slope of the lower reaches is an oak grove. In various places, remains of the hut forest and heaths are designated as natural monuments.

See also

Individual evidence

LUBW

Official online waterway map with a suitable section and the layers used here: Course and catchment area of ​​the Speltach
General introduction without default settings and layers: State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( notes )

  1. ↑ a b Height according to the gray lettering on the background layer topographic map .
  2. ↑ a b c Length according to the waterway network layer ( AWGN ) .
  3. ↑ Catchment area summed up from the sub-catchment areas according to the basic catchment area layer (AWGN) .
  4. ↑ Protected areas according to the relevant layers, nature partly according to the biotope layer .

Other evidence

  1. ↑ Flood forecast center, State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg, adopted on May 24, 2017
  2. ↑ Wolf-Dieter Sick : Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 162 Rothenburg o. D. Deaf. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1962. →  Online map (PDF; 4.7 MB)

literature

  • Hans Mattern: On nature conservation trips in northern Württemberg (3) . In: State Institute for Environmental Protection Baden-Württemberg (Hrsg.): Publications for nature conservation and landscape management in Baden-Württemberg. Volume 68/69, 1994, pp. 9-44 ISSN  0342-684X (Speltach and its valley regarding pp. 21 to 31)
  • Topographic map 1: 25,000 Baden-Württemberg North, single-sheet cut the maps No. 6825 Ilshofen, No. 6925 Obersontheim, No. 6826 Crailsheim, No. 6926 Stimpfach

Web links

Commons : Topographical Atlas of the Kingdom of Württemberg, Ellwangen sheet

from 1851, sheet no. XXV according to the publication sequence or no. 12 according to the topographical arrangement (PDG, 5.8 MByte)