St-Spire (Corbeil-Essonnes)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Saint-Spire Cathedral, bell tower on the west facade
apse

The Catholic parish church of Saint-Spire in Corbeil-Essonnes , a town in the Essonne department in the French region of Île-de-France , dates back to a collegiate church from the 10th century. The current church was built in the 12th century and consecrated in 1437. After the establishment of the Diocese of Evry-Corbeil-Essonnes in 1966, the church was elevated to a cathedral . Saint-Spire has been co- cathedral of the diocese since the inauguration of the new Evry Cathedral in 1996 . The church is one of the structures that were included as Monument historique in the list of architectural monuments ( Base Mérimée ) in France as early as 1840 .

history

The construction of the Saint-Spire church is traced back to Count Haymon, who had the church built in 950 to house the relics of St. Exuperius (Spire), the first bishop of Bayeux . The church was initially dedicated to the Twelve Apostles and St. Exuperius. In 1019 the first church was destroyed by fire, in 1070 the church and the canons' houses belonging to it were surrounded with a wall. After two more fires in the first half of the 12th century, the current building was erected, and it was consecrated in 1437. At that time the church received its current patronage .

During the French Revolution , the collegiate monastery was dissolved and Saint-Spire became the parish church of Corbeil.

architecture

Gate to the Abbey District

Gate to the Abbey District
West portal

Behind the apse of the church is the monumental gate built in the 14th century that delimited the monastery immunity area . The ogival passage is flanked by two slender towers. In the two niches originally stood the statues of St. Exuperius and St. Lupus (Loup), the third bishop of Bayeux, whose relics had reached Corbeil around the year 1000.

Bell tower and west portal

The 35-meter-high bell tower from the first half of the 13th century, flanked on three sides by mighty buttresses , rises on the west facade , the lower floor of which serves as the entrance hall. The columns of the portal with leaf capitals decorated. Two consoles are designed as heads.

inner space

Nave

The three-aisled nave dates from the second half of the 12th century. It is divided into four bays divided based on arched arcades rest on massive pillars. The central nave was in the 14./15. Century covered with a ribbed vault. The keystones are carved with foliage and two busts. The side aisles have groined vaults .

The north aisle leads to the two rooms of the 13th century sacristy . There is a wall painting over the door to the sacristy that dates back to the 15th century. It represents the teaching of Mary by Saint Anne .

A spiral staircase leads from the sacristy to two chapels , which also date from the 13th century. One chapel served as the chapter house , the other chapel, which opens onto the choir , was reserved for the royal family, who attended the services there.

The choir with five-eighth end and high lancet windows was built in the 15th century in the Flamboyant Gothic style. In two niches one above the other in the middle of the apse wall, the shrine with the relics of St. Exuperius is kept below, in the niche above there is a wooden sculpture of the saint. The two eastern pillars of the crossing have the oldest capitals in the church. They come with a palmette frieze carved, dating back to the 11th century.

Leaded glass window

Meeting of Jesus with the Samaritan woman

The stained glass windows were after World War II largely on the stained glass Mauméjean created. The representations in the choir recall the patron saints of the former churches of Corbeil: Saint-Nicolas, Notre-Dame, Saint-Guénault, Saint-Jean-l'Aumônier, Saint-Jacques, Saint-Léonard, Saint-Jean-l'Ermitage. One window is dedicated to the French King Louis the Saint , who owned a castle in Corbeil. The large side choir window depicts the Assumption of Mary .

The windows of the north aisle have scenes from the life of Jesus on the subject: Jesus and the adulteress, the last supper , the resurrection of Christ . Two windows tell the story of the relics of St. Exuperius, the patron saint of the church.

On the windows of the south aisle, the raising of the young man from Naim and the encounter between Jesus and the Samaritan woman are depicted. One of the windows of the Lady Chapel is dedicated to the Annunciation , the Visitation , the birth of Jesus and the flight into Egypt . The other window is dedicated to the childhood of Jesus (Jesus as the son of the carpenter Joseph and as a twelve-year-old among the scribes in the temple), the first miracle of Jesus at the wedding at Cana and Mary, who stands under the cross.

organ

organ

The present organ was inaugurated in 1984. The organ prospectus was created in 1657/60 and declared a monument historique in 1930.

I Positif de Dos C – g 3
1. Bourdon 8th'
2. Prestant 4 ′
3. Nasard 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
4th Fourth 2 ′
5. Tierce 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
6th Larigot 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
7th Plein Jeu IV
8th. Cromorne 8th'
II Grand Orgue C-g 3
9. Bourdon 16 ′
10. Montre 8th'
11. Bourdon 8th'
12. Prestant 4 ′
13. Flood 4 ′
14th Duplicate 2 ′
15th Cornet V
16. Plein Jeu IV
17th Cymbals III
18th Trumpets 8th'
19th Vox humaine 8th'
20th Clairon 4 ′
III Récit g 0 –g 3
21st Cornet V 8th'
22nd Trumpets 8th'
23. Hautbois 8th'
IV echo c 1 -g 3
24. Cornet V 8th'
Pedal C – f 1
25th Soubbasse 16 ′
26th Bourdon 8th'
27. Flood 4 ′
28. Bombard 16 ′

Furnishing

Expulsion of the devil by St. Exuperius
  • The black marble font dates from the 17th century.
  • In a chapel in the south aisle there is a painting by Jean-Baptiste Mauzaisse (1784–1844), a painter from Corbeil. It depicts St. Exuperius driving out a devil .
  • The pulpit , a work from the 17th century, comes from the Couvent des Récollets in Paris, which was disbanded during the French Revolution.

Tombs

  • In a chapel in the south aisle is the kneeling figure of Jacques Bourgoin, Governor of Corbeil, who died in 1661. His tomb was housed in the Notre-Dame church in Corbeil, which was demolished in 1823, until 1805.
  • In a niche in the choir, the reclining figure of Count Haymon de Corbeil reminds of the founder of the collegiate church. The somewhat rough sculpture comes from the first half of the 14th century. A dragon is depicted at the Count's feet and on his shield .

  • Jacques de Bourgoin's tomb

  • Reclining figure of Count Haymon from the 14th century

literature

  • Jean-Marie Pérouse de Montclos (ed.): Le Guide du Patrimoine. Ile-de-France . Hachette, 2nd edition, Paris 1994, ISBN 2-01-016811-9 , p. 192.
  • Georges Poisson (ed.): Dictionnaire des Monuments d'Île de France . Éditions Hervas, Paris 2001, ISBN 2-84334-002-0 , p. 241.
  • Cathédrale Saint-Spire. Histoire, visite et parcours spirituel . Paroisse Saint-Spire.

Web links

Commons : St-Spire (Corbeil-Essonnes)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Église ou Cathédrale Saint-Spire in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
  2. ^ Organ in the Base Palissy of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
  3. ^ Organs in the Base Palissy of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
  4. ↑ Information on the organ
  5. ^ Statue of Jacques Bourgoin in Base Palissy of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
  6. ↑ Reclining figure of Count Haymon in the Base Palissy of the French Ministry of Culture (French)

Coordinates: 48 ° 36 '42.7 "  N , 2 ° 28' 57.5"  E