St. Georg (Bedernau)
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St. Georg is a Catholic parish church in Bedernau, a district of the municipality of Breitenbrunn in the Unterallgäu district in Bavaria .
history
The place and with it a first church was probably built in the extensive clearing period of the 11th / 12th. Century. As a knight saint, the patron St. George can point to an existing castle (on the site of today's castle). The historian Friedrich Zoepfl suspected a castle chapel as the first church . Bedernau first appeared in the documents with a Guelph ministerial "Heinricus de Bedernowe" in 1160. According to tradition, the Bedernau chapel is said to have received relics from Abbot Isengrim von Ottobeuren in 1167 . When relics of St. Ursula and her companions from Cologne were handed over, the condition was to hold an annual appeal to Ottobeuren , which was attested to in the 17th and 18th centuries.
13th Century
Around 1250 the parish already existed under the Guelphs . The Mindelberg family has owned the village of Bedernau since 1250. Schwigger von Mindelberg founded a Wilhelmitenkloster in 1250 , to which he transferred the church two years later. In 1263, the monastery moved to Mindelheim as the Augustinian Hermit Convent .
According to Heinrich Habel, the three lower floors of the tower date from the second half of the 12th or the first half of the 13th century. Inside the staircase to the tower are three circular medallions depicting the clever and foolish virgins . They once adorned the choir arch of the late Romanesque choir tower church with the current tower ground floor as the choir (chancel). The three circular fields with bust portraits of women wearing lamps and wearing crown-like headdresses are painted flat and without internal drawings. In the case of a virgin, the lamp, which is depicted in the form of a vase, can be clearly seen: it is depicted upright, but without a flame. Because of the upright representation of the lamp Heinrich Habel prone to interpretation as a "wise virgin" after at Matthew handed Jesus' parable of the five wise and five foolish virgins ( Matthew 25.1 to 13 EU ).
The color palette of the Bedernauer pictures is simple: plenty of red chalk , economical yellow ocher and probably a copper oxide green. It is classified in the period from 1250 to 1400. The medallions can be seen on the inside of the medieval choir arch to the extent that it is still a third of the original width today. The state of preservation is average. The indentations (plaster notches) made when applying a later plaster cover the pictures in a rough grid. Similarly, show salt efflorescence , as the walled today chancel arch is located in the west side of the tower, which is exposed to the elements stronger. In 1709 the late Romanesque or early Gothic choir vault was removed and replaced with a wooden ceiling. The choir vault may also have been painted. The pictures on the former choir arch are among the oldest in the Unterallgäu district.
To the west of the tower was the nave of the medieval church. This was probably demolished in the second half of the 15th century and the choir arch walled up. To the north, a new, larger church was built in late Gothic style and the former chancel on the tower ground floor became the sacristy .
17th century
graveyard
In 1651, a visit found that the plague cemetery was neither "captured" nor fenced. The vicar general instructed the pastor to take care of the enclosure. In spite of the ruling order, the parish was reluctant to take on the enclosure and wanted to push it to “the saint”, that is to say, the parish. The vicar general then had the congregation explained: If the congregation did not fulfill this obligation, no one would be allowed to be buried in the plague cemetery in the event of a future epidemic, everyone would then have to come to the parish cemetery. It was also criticized that the “innocent little house”, a fenced and covered burial place for the unbaptized deceased children, did not have its own door, a board was simply removed from the fence. In the cemetery there is also a “Seelhaus”, an ossuary for the bones that come out when the grave is made.
Church festival
In 1668 the Scapular Brotherhood was founded and confirmed by the bishop . In 1676 it already had over 1,000 members. In 1696, natural products were also offered to the brotherhood; Butter, lard, and chickens that were then sold. The brotherhood held a monthly procession during which, with the special permission of the ordinariate (issued on February 23, 1681), the holy of holies could be carried. With exceptional solemnity was in 17./18. Century celebrated the brotherhood festival. Capuchins were invited from Weißenhorn . Trumpeters, timpanists and musicians were called in for the great gathering that took place, now and then from Pfaffenhausen and Mindelheim; Figures were also carried along. Also "dressed people", i. H. costumed actors of a saint or an allegory went with them, the pieces of equipment were borrowed from Kirchhaslach . At the expense of the brotherhood, bread was also given out during the large gatherings.
Modifications and repairs
According to the church chronicle, further repairs and alterations were made to the church in the 17th century:
- In 1653 the cross altar (at the entrance to the chancel) was demolished.
- Around 1670 the octagonal tower superstructure was built with an onion covered with wood shingles.
- In 1672 the sacrament house on the choir wall was removed and the tabernacle relocated to the high altar. The pulpit was built around 1680.
- 1699 repairs to the organ for 9 guilders by the organ maker von Angelberg, d. i. Johann Guggemoser von Tussenhausen.
18th century
The accounts of saints attest to a very lively ecclesiastical life in the late 17th and 18th centuries. This was largely due to the Muggenthal rule, which itself was very ecclesiastical. There were several sacrificial boxes in the church .
- 1728 z. B. a George stick at the church door,
- a stick of Our Lady (in medio templi),
- an Antoni- and a fourteen-helper stick.
- In 1722 an Anna and a Sebastian stick are also mentioned.
In 1700 a new pavement was made for the church. The Gothic building was redesigned in Baroque style from 1709 and first the choir and from 1710 the nave were renewed by the plasterer Michael Stiller von Ettringen. The unnamed painter was rewarded for the emblemata on the ceiling. The emblems were preserved under overpainting. T. been exposed again. They try to interpret images from nature theologically by means of symbolic representations and Latin sayings (in the chorus Marian emblems, e.g. Lilium inter spinas: lily between thorns; Ex spinis sine spina: from thorns without thorn; also interesting representation of a garden of paradise with " locked “snake: Hortus conclusius: closed garden; or at the choir arch: starry sky with Milky Way: Iter demonstrat: (the goal) showing path).
From 1711 to 1719 payments to the Turkish sculptor Michael Seitz for the figures of the apostles appear in the invoices. In 1714 the tower was re-covered with shingles. In 1717 a contract for 400 guilders was signed with the stucco master Benedikt Zöpf for the delivery of three stucco marble altars.
In 1719 the painter Franz Anton Hörmann von Pfaffenhausen framed the picture of St. George. In 1721, Count Christoph Franz von Muggenthal founded the monastery and church in Baumgärtle. A year later, the altars were consecrated by Auxiliary Bishop Johann Jakob von Mayr (as was the chapel in Baumgärtle). In 1727 the painter von Kettershausen delivered a flag leaf, the following year Parlier Andre Mayr laid stone stairs at the entrance to the church.
In 1732 Augustin Simnacher von Tussenhausen delivered a new organ, and in 1734 the roof structure was renewed (master carpenter Urban Deininger von Bedernau, Parlier Andreas Mayr). 1736 The high altar painting is repaired by the painter Anton Germiller von Mindelheim (later copy in the tower). In the same year, painter Joseph Söldenhorn von Pfaffenhausen, who had supplied the paints for the glass balls at the Holy Sepulcher for 17 years, received two guilders as compensation.
On July 22, 1738, the consecration of the newly built pilgrimage church in Baumgärtle began. In the same year Joseph Anton Schneider, painter from Loppenhausen, redesigned the lecture poles with the carved pictures (Simon Stock, Urestand Christi, St. Johannes, Theresia, Our Lady with the Child Jesus). In addition, the two carpenters Hans Bernbacher von Bedernau and Anton Moßberger von Loppenhausen made a new communion grille and new confessionals.
On March 22, 1746, Count Christoph Franz von Muggenthal, born in 1674, died, his and his third wife († March 3, 1760) epitaph on the choir wall behind the high altar, now covered by a neo-baroque confessional. In 1763 the Bavarian Elector Max III bought. Joseph owned the Bedernau estate and had it rebuilt by the court paymaster Kretz in the following years. In 1767 the pastor Franz Anton Versal was particularly praised by the lordly officials for his exemplary zeal for the church and the church property. It was through him in particular that the church was provided with beautiful vestments, none of which has survived in our time.
On June 28, 1782, the Bavarian Elector Karl Theodor handed over the reign of Bedernau to the Privy Councilor of State and financial trainee Johann Sebastian Baron von Castell.
19th century
The classical font with the group of figures depicting the baptism of Christ was created around 1800 . On a corridor plan one is around at the site of the present cemetery Malefikantenfriedhof entered in which were buried at the nearby Galgenberg executed. In 1808 the cemetery was moved away from the church, in 1815 the roof was re-covered, the tower was newly shingled , the Schießer (gable) in the west removed and rebuilt. In the course of the dismantling of the feudal order , the rulers lost their old rights: in 1809 the ban on blood was withdrawn, and in 1813 the gallows were auctioned off by the Mindelheim Rent Office despite an objection from the regrettable maintenance office .
In 1822 the pilgrimage church was auctioned off for demolition, as was the furnishings. The pulpit came to Erkheim, the high altar via detours to Deisenhausen. The magnificently framed paintings (around 1750) of holy Franciscans came to the parish church (hang on the south wall of the choir); likewise the monstrance and probably also a side altar, which was set up as a high altar.
On October 11, 1867, the history painter Joseph Kober from Göggingen received 400 guilders for seven ceiling frescoes in the nave . They show scenes from the life of Mary, the prophets and the four occidental teachers of the church Hieronymus , Augustine , Gregorius and Ambrosius ; the latter was painted based on models by Johann Schraudolph, the originals were originally in the Speyer Cathedral and were destroyed in 1959/60.
In 1882 the new pilgrimage church in Baumgärtle was built. A photo in 1885 shows the south side, still without an attached sacristy , and the scaffolded tower with a sundial above the lowest south window. In 1890 the choir and the high altar were restored, the version of which was then criticized as too dark, but which adapted to the side altars. During the renovation in 1952, today's lighter version in light green and pink tones was applied. In a newspaper article from 1890 there is talk of “restoration of the choir and production of the magnificent altar”. The painter of the altarpieces was Joseph Stehle, Krumbach. He copied the baroque altarpiece of the handover of the scapular by Mary to St. Simon Stock .
The high altar consists of the neo-renaissance style altar table with depictions of the pelican and the phoenix from 1890, the neo-baroque tabernacle from 1952, the baroque columns and pilasters (probably from a side altar of the old Baumgärtle pilgrimage church), and the upper part of the Extract from 1890 together with the painting of St. Georg von Stehle. In 1891, the southern porch, later demolished again, with Lourdes grotto and Mount of Olives, was rebuilt by Pastor Anton Mayr. The builder was Michel Stark from Pfaffenhausen.
20th century
In 1902 a pavement made of clinker tiles from the Achilles Brickworks was built around the church, in 1904 new church paving (black and white artificial stone tiles, as can still be seen in the tower) was used. New pews using the old docks (chair cheeks), which have been very successfully added; Ketterle brothers, altar builders and gilders, Augsburg. Under the gallery there are chair cheeks from around 1730, the others are a few decades older. In 1910 a statue of St. Francis was bought from St. Ulrích in Val Gardena.
In 1911 an exterior restoration by Josef Notz from Pfaffenhausen began. Furthermore, the interior choir ceiling paintings were recreated by the church painter Hans Kögl, Pasing, in a neo-baroque style (four evangelists, scenes from the Virgin Mary). In 1914 a new organ was installed in the old prospectus by Julius Schwarzbauer (Mindelheim). In 1921 four new bronze bells were obtained from Hamm in Augsburg; two old bells were given to Baumgärtle.
In 1924 a new confessional based on a design and with carvings by Saumweber (Günzburg) was made by master carpenter Emil Miller (Bedernau) and set up on the north wall of the choir; today he stands behind the high altar. Around 1932 a parish and youth home was built in the parish garden.
In 1937 the colored church windows, which were only supplied after 1890 by the glass painting company Max Mittermaier in Lauingen, were removed. For war purposes, other metal objects were also delivered after three bells in 1943. In 1949, three new bells replaced the bells delivered for war purposes. The large one in honor of the Triune God, the middle one in honor of Mary, the small one in honor of St. Joseph. They are labeled: "Me poured Master Benjamin Grüninger Villingen - Neu Ulm 1949". A fourth, small bell with the image of St. George is inscribed: “In an expensive time I was chosen to announce who he (sic!) You born” and “Cast by F. Hamm, Augsburg 1921”. An old bell from the Bedernau parish church hangs in the tower of the Baumgärtle pilgrimage church. It dates from 1652 and was designed by Leonhard Ernst the Elder. J. cast in Memmingen.
In 1952 and 1953, an interior restoration was carried out under Pastor Karl Imhof:
- New tabernacle made by Hörmann, altar builder in Babenhausen, restoration of the room setting (including removal of gilding on the stucco) and figures by Haugg, Sontheim; Restoration of the side altars by plasterer Schnitzer, Buching; through the same also new production of the two stucco marble columns under the gallery (previously square, wooden support pillars, as today still under the organ gallery). The ceiling now presents white stucco on a yellowish background.
- New way of the cross by Hans Baumann, the old one (painted after Führich) was given to the Bonifatiusverein for the diaspora.
- The large altar leaves of the side altars and the high altar by painter Stehle from Unterbleichen / Krumbach (around 1890) are removed. (in the tower)
In 1955, the service of the sextons was made easier by the installation of an electrical bell system for the large and medium bells by the company Hoerz, Ulm. In February 1958 the installation of an electric church heater was finished. 130 m of tubular heating elements were laid under the chairs for the women and men, and 30 m of flat heating elements for the children's benches in the choir. The entire system has an output of 50,000 watts and therefore consumes 50 kWh. The total costs amounted to 3720 DM; they were raised from house to house by a list collection; An average of 20 DM should be donated per household. However, the heat generated by the new heating was not satisfactory and it was still bitterly cold in the church in winter. Perhaps it was due to the poor power supply in Bedernau. The previous line voltage of 120 V was no longer sufficient for the numerous electrical household appliances and agricultural machines that were used. For example, when the church heating was switched on, the electrical voltage fell from 220 V to 190 V. So it is not surprising that many citizens eagerly awaited the voltage change that had been announced for several years. It should raise the voltage of the local grid to 220 V and the power grid to 360 V.
During the interior and exterior renovations carried out from 1968 to 1970, the rear wall of the choir stalls including the frame of the door to the sacristy and the choir screen ( communion bench ) were removed. In addition, a people's altar was made by Baumgärtle using baroque balusters from the choir screen. After the old rectory was demolished in 1980, the new rectory with a parsonage was built.
During the exterior and interior restoration carried out from 1984 to 1986 under Pastor P. Max Mandlmayer, a new tower onion was put on (originally with wooden shingles, then with slate, now covered with copper). In the holy year 2000, the unnecessary wooden platforms of the anvil and popular altar were removed and a new altar carpet and safe were purchased. On June 2, 2001, the altarpieces that had been stored in the tower for decades were reinstalled in the high altar and the left side altar.
Organs
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The existence of an organ in St. George is documented as early as the end of the 17th century; at her were in 1699 by the "organ maker von Angelberg", d. i. Johann Guggemoos from Tussenhausen , "Repairs for 9 guilders" carried out. His son-in-law and workshop successor Augustin Simnacher delivered a new instrument in 1732. In 1914, the Mindelheim organ builder Julius Schwarzbauer installed a new organ in the old prospectus .
1988, a new organ 22 was again registers (distributed to the main drive, Rückpositiv and pedal mechanism ), mechanical play and key action , abrasive wind loading and two manuals installed. The instrument was built by organ builder Gerhard Schmid from Kaufbeuren . The prospectus was taken from the old organ; the Rückpositiv on the gallery parapet is new.
literature
- Anton Steichele, Alfred Schröder, Friedrich Zoepfl : The diocese of Augsburg . 9 volumes (Vol. 2–10, Vol. 1 not published). Schmid, Augsburg 1864-1940.
- Heinrich Habel: Mindelheim district. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1971 ( Bayerische Kunstdenkmale 31, ISSN 0522-5264 ).
- Alois Epple: The Kober. Swabian painters in the 19th century. Türkheim 1997, ISBN 3-932974-00-X (2nd unchanged edition: ibid 2003, ISBN 3-932974-10-7 ).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Bedernau: St. Georg. Diocese of Augsburg
- ^ Heinrich Habel: Mindelheim district. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1971 ( Bayerische Kunstdenkmale 31, ISSN 0522-5264 )
Coordinates: 48 ° 7 ′ 2.9 ″ N , 10 ° 23 ′ 29.6 ″ E