St. Johannes (Bad Reichenhall)

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St. John's Hospital Church
REI Spitalkirche 01.jpg
Data
place Bad Reichenhall
Construction year 12th Century
Coordinates 47 ° 43 '29 "  N , 12 ° 52' 40"  E Coordinates: 47 ° 43 '29 "  N , 12 ° 52' 40"  E

The Catholic Spitalkirche St. Johannes (also: Spitalkirche , St.-Johannes-Spitalkirche ) is located in what is now the Poststrasse ensemble in Bad Reichenhall .

The church is under monument protection and is registered with the number D-1-72-114-99 in the Bavarian monument list.

location

View from the north

The church is located at the northern end of Poststrasse, directly on the city's former city ​​wall , part of which is still preserved there.

history

The Taufkirchen played an important role in the Christianization of Germany. Since these places of worship were mostly dedicated to John the Baptist , it is assumed that the church of St. John is probably the oldest church in the Reichenhall valley basin. In 790 it was referred to as "ecclesia ad salinas" (church near the salt pans) and in 1144 as "capella in castro Halla" and therefore it is assumed that there was only this one church at that time. The oldest seal in the city also shows the Lamb of God , which also points to John the Baptist. The Aegidikirche was built from 1159 and the Nikolauskirche from 1181 through citizens' initiatives .

The wooden structure of St. John's Church was replaced by a stone structure in the 12th century at the latest, which has largely been preserved to this day. In 1481 a hospital for frail salt workers was built near the church , and in 1486 Pope Innocent VIII confirmed the hospital. In 1485 George the Rich founded an eternal daily mass. The previously flat roofed Romanesque hall church was vaulted, the main entrance on the side of the hospital was converted into an entrance for the residents and a vaulted gallery was added so that they had their own church service room with their own age. In the course of this, a new main entrance was broken out on the street side. In 1626 the provost of St. Zeno asked for permission to demolish the altar on the gallery in connection with a total renovation.

In 1730, under provost Floridus I. Penker and the Reichenhall pastor Rupert Fux, the Gothic ribbed vault was removed and replaced with rococo stucco , a pulpit was built in this style and the windows were adapted.

The church was badly damaged in the great fire in 1834 and was used as a storage room for a long time. It was only through the initiative of the future pastor Sebastian Degenbeck and the Mallersdorfer sisters , who had looked after the hospital since 1876, that the wall was renovated in 1877 and the interior renovated in 1878. The benediction took place on March 3, 1878, in the same year a way of the cross was installed in the lay nave. In 1879, a roof turret was placed on the south-western end of the church according to a design by the Traunstein agricultural authority.

Extensive renovations took place in 1911 and 1912. The neo-Gothic furnishings were removed, a new altar was erected, a new pulpit in the style of the 18th century was installed and new ceiling paintings were added. In 1914 the Way of the Cross from 1878 was replaced by a new one. In 1981 the hospital was demolished, and since then the church has stood isolated in front of an empty space, which is now used as a parking lot. 1985 to 1987 the church was renovated inside and out by the city.

description

Sanctuary

Exterior

The Romanesque hall church dates from the 12th, maybe the 11th century. The north-east orientation is unusual. The semicircular apse is decorated with a simple arched frieze and a German ribbon . At the former main entrance in the southwest there is a Romanesque portal with archivolts and several damaged stone heads in the walls , which were exposed again in the course of the renovation work in 1986. After the hospital was demolished, this entrance was closed by an emergency porch with a sloping roof. Above was the former entrance from the hospital to the attic of the church, the gothic roof turret dates from 1879. The window openings of the nave to Poststrasse date from the Baroque period , in the last yoke there is only one round window above because of the gallery a small arched window below. The current main entrance from the 15th century is also on Poststrasse. On the opposite side on the north-west wall is the sacristy from the 18th century, which has been changed several times over the years, a large window in the second yoke and a still-preserved Romanesque window in the third yoke at the level of the gallery. The outer walls are up to 1.05 m thick and are plastered including the apse.

Interior

The large Romanesque apse in the north-east and, in contrast, the Gothic gallery in the south-west shape the impression of the interior. Despite the redesign in the Rococo style in the 18th century, the Gothic vault is clearly recognizable since the Romanesque wooden flat ceiling was removed. The vault is adorned with fine bandwork made by Joseph Schmid from Salzburg or Joseph Höpp from Burghausen .

Furnishing

Stucco pulpit from 1911

The neo-Gothic altar from 1878 was replaced in 1911 by a new choir altar based on a design by church painter Karl Weinzierl from Isen . The rococo tabernacle was made by Matthias Fackler from Dorfen , the worship angel is in the style of Johann Baptist Straub . Altar table cladding, candlestick bench with back wall, changes to the tabernacle and the angels by Stephan Zechmeister from Berchtesgaden. The ceiling picture with the baptism of Jesus by the church patron in a stucco frame should complement the altar structure.

The oil paintings in stucco frames were painted by Leonhard Thoma from Fischach in 1912 , they show the sermon of the Baptist in the desert in the vault of the nave , on the left side the Annunciation to Zacharias in the temple, on the right the naming of the newborn Johannes, also the sermon to Herod and Herodias , on the right the dance of Salome and on the left the beheading of the Baptist.

The stucco pulpit from 1911 is a partial copy of the pulpit in the Nonner Kircherl , stucco and whitewashing by Karl Weinzierl.

On the north and south walls there are seven canvas pictures in stucco frames from 1914 with the Stations of the Cross and twelve Apostolic candlesticks . Next to the pulpit on the north wall is a wooden figure of the Salvator and opposite one of Maria by Anton Stöckl from Ramsau. Other figures in the church are St. Anthony on the north wall and Francis on the south wall, under the gallery of St. Joseph , in the niche Mary with rosary and St. Bernadette . On the south wall there is stained glass from the Mayer'schen Hofkunstanstalt in Munich with the motif St. Anna instructs Maria . Also on the south wall is a round window and a figure of St. Anthony with the baby Jesus. On the west wall three framed pictures with the Last Supper on the left, Immaculata in the middle and the Adoration of the Baby Jesus by the shepherds on the right, signed by Nikolaus Baur from Munich from 1878. On the north wall is the only Romanesque window that was reopened in 1987. The organ with seven registers dates from 1968.

Hospital Church

Unlike most hospital churches , the St. Johannes Hospital Church in Bad Reichenhall existed long before the hospital was built. Otherwise a hospital with an attached church was usually built by a foundation.

Others

“The perfectly renovated church has a decidedly intimate character and is certainly one of the most important places of worship in the city due to its history, its construction and its furnishings. Since the hospital was demolished, it has been like a pearl in the field that has to be discovered. "

- Walter Brugger : The churches of the parish of St. Nikolaus, art guide)

literature

  • Johannes Lang : History of Bad Reichenhall. Ph.CW Schmidt, Neustadt / Aisch 2009, ISBN 978-3-87707-759-7 .
  • Walter Brugger: The churches of the parish of St. Nikolaus Bad Reichenhall (= Small Art Guide No. 2043). Schnell und Steiner publishing house, Regensburg 1994, ISBN 3-7954-5781-5

Web links

Commons : St. Johannes (Bad Reichenhall)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files