St. Laurentius (Wiesloch)
The St. Laurentius Church is a Catholic church in Wiesloch in the Rhein-Neckar district in northwest Baden-Württemberg . The church was built by Augustinian hermits between 1745 and 1751 and came into the possession of the Catholic parish in 1803, which expanded it in 1890/91. With its high-quality and uniform original furnishings, the church is one of the most important baroque buildings in the former Electoral Palatinate .
history
Development of the Catholic community until the 18th century
After the Reformation in the Electoral Palatinate in 1556, Wiesloch and thus also the originally dedicated to St. Laurentius consecrated the old town church with all changes of denomination in the Palatinate, mainly between Lutherans and Reformed . After the Thirty Years' War there was an increased number of Catholics in the Electoral Palatinate. After a Catholic branch of the Wittelsbach family ruled the Palatinate again from 1685 with Pfalz-Neuburg , the pastor from Rauenberg held Catholic services in the castle chapel. The Wiesloch Castle and the chapel were in the Palatine War of Succession destroyed, whereupon the old parish church with the Reformed and with local pastors of both denominations simultaneously was used. When the Palatinate church was divided , the city church fell to the Reformed in 1705. By incorrectly interpreting the declaration, the Catholics initially managed to continue using the choir, but had to leave the church a little later. The services were then carried out temporarily in the town hall before Catholic celebrations were no longer desired there either. For the time being, the Catholics only had to go to the surrounding towns of Walldorf , Nussloch and Dielheim before a new Catholic church was built in 1725 on the site of the destroyed castle by the builder Johann Adam Breuning . This church existed until 1837, the old castle tower, which was converted into a bell tower, has been preserved to this day.
Monastery church building by Augustinian hermits
In 1729 Augustinian hermits from Münnerstadt received permission to found a hospice in Wiesloch. In addition to the hospice, the fathers also ran a higher school. In 1738 the three priests and a lay brother took over Pastor Stumpf's house and built a Bartholomaeus chapel in it and a crypt in the basement in which the deceased priests were buried. In the chapel there was once a carved altar around 1525 depicting the Passion and the life of the Virgin Mary, which is now in Kirrlach .
Between 1745 and 1751, the Augustinians built a monastery church from the ruins of the Wiesloch Castle in the vicinity of their chapel, today's Laurentius Church. The master builder is Johann Schmidt from Königshofen, who probably came from Münnerstadt with the Augustinians. For the stucco work and the altars, the Augustinians also made use of proven craftsmen, most of whom had previously worked in Münnerstadt.
The Augustinians tried several times to increase their influence within the city of Wiesloch. In 1758 they failed to take over the parish, in 1778/79 they succeeded in enlarging the hospice despite the resistance of the city. In 1803 the Augustinian monastery was closed, the monastery church and the hospice building were bought by the Catholic community.
Catholic parish church
After the purchase by the Catholic community, the church was renovated in 1803. Acquisition and renovation would not have been possible without a lucrative collection. However, the construction load was heavy on the small community, so that in 1811 the burial chapel on the north side of the church was sold for the Augustinian Fathers to be dismantled into a residential building. In 1837 the older Catholic church was also torn down from 1725 except for the bell tower.
In 1890/91 the nave of the Laurentiuskirche was extended. In 1932 the church was extensively renovated. Further renovations followed in 1965 and 1988.
The former burial chapel has been preserved as a residential building. The crypt was a wine cellar for a long time and was donated to the parish in 1979, which set up a small church service room in it in 1995/96. It is adorned with a modern mural by the Peruvian artist Hector Sevillano .
Pastoral care unit Wiesloch
The Wiesloch deanery was founded in the Archdiocese of Freiburg in 1929 , with parishes that had previously belonged to the deaneries of Heidelberg, St. Leon and Waibstadt. The parish of St. Laurentius (with St. Pankratius in Altwiesloch) joined in 2004 with the parishes of the Holy Trinity in Wiesloch (with St. Marien Wiesloch-Frauenweiler), the Holy Cross in the Psychiatric Center in North Baden and St. Gallus (Baiertal) (with Holy Trinity Wiesloch-Schatthausen ) to form the pastoral care unit Wiesloch.
description
architecture
The core of the St. Laurentius Church is a west-facing rectangular hall building with originally four window axes and a retracted choir . The corners are rounded in the Rococo style . The building material was obtained from the reddish sandstone rubble of the destroyed Wiesloch Castle. The neo-baroque end of the nave comes from the extension in 1890/91, is also made of red sandstone and is angled by 10 degrees. The old east portal was integrated into the extension. The figure of the church saint Laurentius, probably created by Georg Heinrich Rieger , a pupil of Paul Egel , stands in a figure niche above the portal . On the broken mansard roof of the nave is a roof turret with an onion-crowned lantern .
Late Baroque and Rococo dominate the interior . The vaulted hall is structured with pilasters , the vaulted ceiling is set off with cornices, the walls and ceilings are covered with stucco made of floral elements and putti. An eight-sided dome is formed in the ceiling above the choir. The stucco masters of the Munich-based Augustiner-Kikrche can be considered as plasterers : Michael Ebner, Leonhard Schüssler and Vitus Settele.
Frescoes
The frescoes on the ceiling are no longer original due to being painted over. According to an inscription that no longer exists today, the original painting of the church is said to have been carried out in 1752 by the otherwise unknown painter Johannes Griesser. The main picture shows a typical Augustinian hermit motif, namely the presentation of the black penitential belt by the baby Jesus to St. Augustine. The scene is accompanied by numerous secondary characters, including St. Nicholas of Tolentino with a star on his chest and St. William of Maleval carrying a spear . The main picture is framed on the ceiling by medallions with Augustinian saints. The dome above the choir is decorated with a representation of the Augustinian state of God, in which figures of the old covenant appear next to church dignitaries. The depiction of St. Konrad above the gallery and the depiction of the Lamb of God in the choir are by the Wiesloch painter Franz Wallischeck and were created on the occasion of the renovation in 1907.
Altars and pulpit
The high altar , the two side altars and the rococo style pulpit belong to the original furnishings of the church. They are each worked and designed in the same way and probably also come from artisans who previously worked in Münnerstadt. Nikolaus Steiner comes into consideration as an art carpenter, and as a sculptor Johann Kessler. The altarpieces painted Johann Anwander . Altars and pulpit are marbled in the same way and decorated with putti.
The main picture of the high altar shows Christ on the globe above a representation of St. Nicholas of Tolentino recommended by Augustine to Our Lady. The upper picture of the main altar shows St. Martin of Tours with goose and angel putti. The main picture is flanked by figures of the Doctors of the Church and Bishops Ambrosius of Milan and his pupil Augustine of Hippo , executed by Johann Kessler.
The main picture of the left side altar shows St. Monika, mother of St. Augustine praying and receiving the Ark of the Covenant from angels in Augustinian costume. The upper picture shows a bishop, who cannot be clearly identified, with staff, chains and a sick person, possibly. St. Leonhard von Noblat . The right side altar shows St. Augustine seeing a vision of the Trinity . The upper picture shows St. Erasmus with the bindweed. The right side altar is signed and dated 1756.
The Way of the Cross by an unknown painter on the nave walls dates from around 1770 and was procured from Schwetzingen during the church renovation in 1965 .
organ
The organ was built in 2003 by Matz & Luge . The slider chest instrument has 32 registers on three manualseb and pedal . The game action is mechanical, the stop action is electric.
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- Coupling : II / I, III / I, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P
- Annotation:
- (h) = existing register of the previous organ
Bells
In the roof turret of the church there are two smaller historical bells made by the Speyer bell founder Johann Paulus Strobel from 1756 and 1763 with weights of 120 kg and 75 kg respectively. The actual bell of the church is in the old castle tower or bell tower of the church from 1725. There are three steel bells cast by the Bochum Association in 1920 . The Laurentius bell has the strike tone f sharp 'and weighs 819.5 kg, the Johannes and Elisabeth bell has the strike tone a' and weighs 478 kg, the Joseph bell has the strike tone c 'and weighs 347 kg.
literature
- Manfred Hermann: Catholic parish church St. Laurentius Wiesloch - Former Augustinian Hermits Monastery Church . Lindenberg 2005
- Rainer Laun: Rhein-Neckar-Kreis , in: Dagmar Zimdars u. a. (Ed.), Georg Dehio (Gre.): Handbook of German Art Monuments : Baden-Württemberg I. The administrative districts of Stuttgart and Karlsruhe . Munich 1993, ISBN 3-422-03024-7 .
- Hans Gercke and Hugo L. Müller: The churches in Wiesloch near Heidelberg . Munich and Zurich 1991
Individual evidence
- ↑ Helmuth Mohr: The Wallischeck Families - A Wiesloch Family History, in: Kurpfälzer Winzerfestanzeiger, 1998 edition, p. 16 (with ill.).
- ^ Organ in Wiesloch , accessed on March 29, 2020.
Web links
Coordinates: 49 ° 17 ′ 41.5 " N , 8 ° 41 ′ 47.8" E