St. Mauritius (Mülheim-Kärlich)

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View from the west of the parish church of St. Mauritius
Old east choir of the parish church Kärlich
Kärlicher Church before 1930
South facade
Gothic baptistery
View from the northeast
Floor plan of the Kärlich church
Interior after the 1976 redesign

St. Mauritius is a Catholic parish church in the Kärlich district of Mülheim-Kärlich . Originally it was the own church of a dean Wolfram, who donated it to the St. Florin monastery in Koblenz in a document dated March 10, 1217 . In connection with this donation, the provost of the monastery was given the authority to appoint and appoint the pastor of Kärlich. The connection to St. Florin existed until the secularization of 1802. From 1827 to 1924 Kärlich belonged to the deanery of Koblenz and since February 1, 1924 the community has been a parish of the deanery of Bassenheim ( diocese of Trier ), which since 2004 with Andernach to the deanery of Andernach -Bassenheim is affiliated.

Building history

From Romanesque to Baroque

The beginnings of the Kärlich church go back to the time around 940 to 950, when the Ottonians promoted the patronage of St. Mauritius . Historians suspect that the first building was a wooden church before a stone structure was erected in the Staufer period (12th and 13th centuries). From this building only the Romanesque east choir and the remainder of a lateral apse , which was exposed in 1976, are preserved. The nave was about 17 meters long.

In the middle or towards the end of the 15th century, a small Gothic extension was built north of the choir, today's baptistery with the baptismal font from 1796. During the Thirty Years' War , the church was largely destroyed.

In 1730, Pastor Adam Braun had a new church built in honor of St. Mary , St. Mauritius and St. Magdalena , a single-nave baroque church which was extended to the west in 1789/90. This church had a low octagonal tower, one third over the choir and two thirds over the nave. The end of the nave was formed by a portal with a stone relief from the 16th century, which may have previously been installed elsewhere. It is preserved to this day under the bell tower.

Modern times

At the end of the 19th century, considerations came about for a larger building that would incorporate the old structure, and as early as 1903 the neo-Romanesque bell tower was built on the west side. In 1930/31 the church was rebuilt under Pastor Jakob Porz, as it is essentially still shown today. The architects were Ludwig Becker (Mainz cathedral master builder) and Anton Falkowski.

The 20 meter high south facade with the portals of the building facing north is typical of the time it was built. Nevertheless, by adopting the arched forms of the tower and the Romanesque old choir, it was possible to create a harmonious connection between the new and the old. The interior is clearly structured, free of architectural gimmicks that could divert the view of the worshipers from the altar.

On July 3, 1933, Bishop Franz Rudolf Bornewasser consecrated the new church after it had been designated by Dechant Schneider on June 19, 1932 and released for worship the year before .

In 1976/77 Pastor Josef Schmitt, in collaboration with the architect Peter van Stipelen (Trier), had the church redesigned according to the liturgical reform of the Second Vatican Council .

Building description

The parish church of St. Mauritius Kärlich can be divided into three construction phases: the Romanesque east choir with the Gothic baptistery attached to the north, the new Romanesque bell tower and the modern building from the 1930s.

East choir

The east choir with plastered masonry made of natural stone is the oldest surviving part of the entire structure, which had been changed several times over the centuries. In 1976/77 Pastor Josef Schmitt, art historian Udo Liessem, restorer Franz Niespor, diocese curator Franz Ronig and architect Peter van Stipelen reconstructed the state as it was probably around 1200.

The inner walls were uncovered and whitewashed to reveal the structure of the masonry, the large east window was restored to its original height and two south-facing windows were closed. The latter, which could date from around 1730, can still be seen on the outside. Since the restoration, the choir has been closed at the top by a massive wooden ceiling, the beams of which are made up of individual boards. The floor is tiled with small red plates.

The east facade of the old choir is smoothly plastered and divided into two zones, in the lower part with cloverleaf arch covers, in the upper part with three small round arches each on the left and right at two-thirds height of the window. The clover-leaf arches are comparable to those of the choir apse of St. Kastor in Koblenz and allow conclusions to be drawn about the time of origin.

Baptistery

In the baptistery, the Gothic ribbed vault and the corner consoles on which it is supported have been preserved. The painting with a corona rosette around the keystone was exposed and renewed true to the original. Recovered fragments of a tracery window, however, could no longer be added. Only the pointed arch is indicated above the almost square window facing east. The north window, which reached to the floor, was a poorly locked door for a long time, which was probably broken towards the palace garden in the early 18th century.

Bell tower

The bell tower is the first part of a neo-Romanesque church planned at the end of the 19th century, but it was never built. It stands on a square basalt base, is made of brick and faced with tuff stone. It is about 42 meters high to the cross. Above the entrance area, which is open on three sides and to which eleven steps lead from the lowest point, three storeys rise to the pointed gables and the pointed helmet. In the lower, relatively low floor, the bells were rung by hand with ropes until 1970. On the upper floor above was the clockwork and there was space for the movement of the weights of the mechanical movement, which had to be wound up every day. The third floor is the bell chamber with four times four sound openings, two on top of each other.

New Church

The church from 1930/31 is a three-aisled hall with a north-facing choir, above which a wide choir tower rises. The main nave is 26 meters long - measured from the inner main doors to the choir - including the side aisles and side aisles, 18.80 meters wide and 13 meters high in the middle to the highest point of the vault. The choir is 9 meters deep and 14 meters wide. Outside, the church is 40 meters long from south to north and 31 meters wide from west to east (excluding the tower and old east choir).

To the northeast, the facade with a wide choir tower, interrupted only by a cross, makes the church visible from afar, while to the west the bell tower and the church roof predominate. The choir tower or choir structure with twelve windows, open above the altar, gave the room subtle indirect lighting. This effect ceased when a groined vault was installed in 1976 and the original flat arch at the transition to the nave was replaced by a lower round arch.

The walls of the church are made of concrete up to the floor and pumice stone above. The flat vault of the nave, which is divided into seven bays by ribs, as well as the groin vault of the choir are Rabitz constructions .

Furnishing

altar

The sacramental altar in the rear part of the 14.15 m wide and 9.00 m deep choir is made of dolomite ; he carries the tabernacle and a wooden retable of the earlier high altar with twelve figures. These figures include a representation of Pope Pius X , although he was not yet beatified when the work was created in 1937 in the Johann Mettler sculpture in Morbach (Hunsrück). The two-winged bronze tabernacle door symbolizes the biblical story of the burning bush (Ex 3.1–6). On the back wall of the choir above the altar hangs a crucifixion group (also by Mettler) with the crucifix , Mary and John as well as Mary Magdalene and the Roman centurion.

The mass altar - also made of bronze - with the accompanying candlesticks, the ambo, the table for gifts and the sedilies as well as the Easter candlestick and the Apostle candlesticks were created by the sculptor Arnold Morkramer . The leitmotif of the altar is the vine, according to the words of Jesus: “I am the vine, you are the branches” (Jn 15: 5). At the feet and below the altar table top, scenes from the Old Testament are depicted in small pictures: below the sacrifices of Cain and Abel , Abraham and Melchizedek as well as the brazen serpent , above the manna in the desert, the Passover meal , water from the rock and the bread for Elijah .

Easter candlesticks

The approximately 1.50 meter high Easter candlestick with an almost spherical candle bowl depicts the redemption of people from sin and guilt in three pairs of images and a final image, starting with Adam and Eve, who turn to the tempter in the form of the snake, who instead of happiness Brings death. Envy and hatred are depicted on the opposite side: Cain kills his brother Abel. The middle pair of pictures shows the three wise men in front of the baby Jesus as a sign of the Lord's apparition for all of humanity and behind them Jesus on the cross. At the foot of the cross, Satan coils in the form of a serpent, while the sun and moon above the crossbar point to Christ as ruler of the world. As in some old crucifixion groups, Mary, the mother of Jesus, holds the blood from the heart wound of the crucified one in a goblet, as a symbol of the church's connection with God. John points to Jesus, who sacrificed himself as the Lamb of God . In the pair of images above, Jesus appears as the risen one and in the encounter with the disciples on the way to Emmaus ( Lk 24 : 13–35  EU ). In the final picture, Christ is enthroned as teacher and judge, who says to those on his right: "Come here who have been blessed by my Father," and those on his left he rejects because they were selfish and heartless ( Mt 25 : 31– 46  EU ). At the very bottom of the four-legged candlestick, the Kärlich coat of arms is incorporated.

Statues and pictures

On the pillars of the nave are five figures from the old Kärlich church, which unknown artists probably carved between the mid-17th and early 19th centuries. Front left is the church patron St. Mauritius, depicted as a medieval knight, opposite him St. Helena , the mother of Constantine the Great, in the following St. John Nepomuk , the second patroness of the church St. Maria Magdalena and St. Thekla . They are supplemented by statues of Blessed Franz-Josef Pey , Saint Jodokus and Blessed Adolph Kolping by Irma Rückert (Offenbach) from 1981, 1986 and 1997. A round column with a baroque Madonna from around 1750 is on the left at the transition from Nave to the choir on a stylized millstone designed as the altar of Mary.

  • Statues in St. Mauritius

  • St. Mauritius - Parish Patron

  • St. Maria Magdalena - 2nd patroness

  • Pietà from the Chapel on the Good Man

  • Crescent Madonna , around 1750

Two large old paintings - the Nativity and Mary with the Child - hang on the walls in the side aisles, where the Stations of the Cross from 1935, a work by Georg Kau from Munich, is also attached . Older stations of the cross are located in the old Romanesque choir to the left and right of a late baroque crucifix.

In the vault above the choir, the painter Damaris Wurmdobler created a painting of the seven archangels and the Mother of God Mary in red, yellow, dark green and white in 1994 on a ground in old pink. The angelic figures, three of which are named in the Bible and which are subsequently taken from the Apocrypha , Jewish literature and a list of names of the Franciscan Amadeus Ménes de Silva , appear in four groups. In the left or west-facing vaulted sail, it is Gabriel who announces the birth of her child Jesus to Mary; In the north-facing representation Michael meet as the victor over evil and Jehudiel , the angel of reward and punishment, the eastern picture shows Rafael and Sealtiel and south, at the transition between the nave and the choir, Uriel and Barachiel can be seen.

For a long time now, the Kärlich church has also kept statues and a relief that used to stand at Am Guten Mann and in other chapels in the village and could not be left there because of the weather and for reasons of safety.

Church window

The twelve windows in the nave show stations from the Old and New Testaments on the right and pictures from the life of the Mother of God Mary on the left. The first three on both sides were created before the Second World War, the others in 1948 in the Binsfeld workshop in Trier. According to information from Binsfeld, all twelve windows are works by the painter Hermann Keck, who worked there as the main draftsman from 1910 to 1953.

In the windows above the portals or on the gallery, St. Eustachius and St. Mauritius are depicted on the left and right. The third window in the middle with a picture of St. Cecilia has been covered by the organ since 1994.

A history window by the painter Werner Persy (Trier) in the frame of an earlier outer door of the baptistery tells the story of the Kärlich parish. It shows the church as it might have looked 1000 years ago, including the old chapel of Mülheim, the White Tower as the border between Kurtrier and Kurköln , the Koblenz Florinskirche, the old Kärlich Schöffensiegel, the electoral castle of Kärlich, the coat of arms of the electors Baldwin of Luxembourg and Clemens Wenzeslaus , today's church and the Kärlich coat of arms. The second window contains biblical scenes with Jesus' command to baptize (Mt 28:19) as the core message.

Tree of life

In a niche in the left aisle there has been a tree of life since 2013, a stylized tree that bears the names of the children who were baptized over the course of a year and the names of the deceased. Two circular, partially gilded aluminum disks, one on top of the other, form the basic shape of this memorial, which was created by the sculptor Hans Rams from Niederbreitbach . The individual leaves that hold the name tags are sawn out using laser technology and emerge from the background. The art forge Sebastian Hoppen from Dattenberg carried out the work by hand.

organ

Prospectus of the Mayer organ from 1994
Old organ after the expansion in 1973

The organ has been in the main gallery on the south wall of the church since 1994 . It was built by the organ manufacturer Hugo Mayer (Heusweiler). The instrument has 29 registers (1768 pipes ) and a transmission on two manuals and pedal . The game actions are mechanical, the stop actions on the free-standing game table are electric. The lavishly painted and gold-plated organ case is made of solid oak .

I Hauptwerk C – g 3
1. Bourdon 16 ′
2. Principal 8th'
3. Reed flute 8th'
4th Octave 4 ′
5. Pointed flute 4 ′
6th Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
7th Forest flute 2 ′
8th. Mixture IV-V 2 ′
9. Trumpet 8th'
II Swell C – g 3
10. Wooden principal 8th'
11. Dumped 8th'
12. Salicional 8th'
13. Beat 8th'
14th Principal 4 ′
15th flute 4 ′
16. Nazard 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
17th Octave 2 ′
18th third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
19th Larigot 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
20th Scharff III 1'
21st Basson 16 ′
22nd Hautbois 8th'
23. Clairon 4 ′
Tremulant
Pedal C – f 1
24. Sub-bass 16 ′
25th Bourdon (No. 1) 16 ′
26th Octave bass 8th'
27. Dumped 8th'
28. Chorale bass 4 ′
29 Swiss pipe 2 ′
30th bassoon 16 ′

The previous organ from 1894, which Christian Gerhardt from Boppard built, stood on the western side gallery. In 1973 it was restored and technically changed (electro-pneumatic action), but it turned out to be inadequate. In the report of the Trier cathedral organist Wolfgang Oehms it was stated: “The entire organ system is inorganic and therefore very prone to failure. Regardless of this, the windchest and action are not debatable in terms of sound development. ... "

A borrowed instrument is known as the first organ in Kärlich, which is mentioned in documents in the parish archives from 1795 and 1796. It says, among other things, that the owner had to pay 1 Taler and 15 Albus per month  . In 1797 the community bought its own used organ for around 500 thalers, which the Cochem organ builder Conrad Kemp had acquired from the nuns in Karden two years earlier . It stayed in operation for 97 years and only had to be repaired three times during that time.

Bells

In 1951 the parish of St. Mauritius Kärlich received four bronze bells , cast by the Otto bell foundry in Hemelingen . It was the third bell for Otto since the church tower was built in 1903, because in 1904 Otto had cast four bronze bells for Kärlich. During the First World War , three bells had to be handed in to replace raw materials. In 1924 there were two new bells with the tones a-flat 'and f', in 1925 a 41-hundredweight des-bell followed, so that the complete ringing was restored. The foundry was again F. Otto in Hemelingen. But 15 years later, these bells fell victim to the Second World War .

The bells from 1951 bear the following inscriptions: "Christ the King have mercy on us - Kärlich 1951 - in memory of our fallen", "St. Mauritius pray for us ”,“ Mary Queen of Peace pray for us ”,“ St. Helena please for us ”. Sound, weight (with clapper) and diameter: Christ the King bell es ′, approx. 29 quintals, Ø 130 cm; Mauritius bell: f ′, approx. 20 quintals, Ø 116 cm; Marienglocke: g ′, approx. 14 quintals, Ø 104 cm; Helena bell: b ′, approx. 8 quintals, Ø 86 cm.

The probably oldest Carlich bells were cast in the 15th century and lasted until the beginning of the 20th century.

literature

  • Georg Reitz: History of the cath. Parish of Kärlich. 1930/31
  • Udo Liessem: Archive for Middle Rhine Church History. 1978
  • Winfried Henrichs: 100 years of the parish Maria Himmelfahrt Mülheim. Mülheim-Kärlich 1987
  • Franz-Josef Risse / Lothar Spurzem: Parish and Parish Church of St. Mauritius Kärlich . Published by the Catholic parish of St. Mauritius Kärlich, Mülheim-Kärlich 1991
  • Franz-Josef Risse / Lothar Spurzem: Parish church and parish of St. Mauritius Kärlich . Extended new edition. Published by the Catholic parish of St. Mauritius Kärlich, Mülheim-Kärlich 2017
  • Commemorative publication on the occasion of the completion of the renovation work in the parish church of St. Mauritius . Mülheim-Kärlich 1994

Web links

Commons : St. Mauritius (Kärlich)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Document book on the history of the Middle Rhine territories now forming the Prussian administrative districts of COBLENZ and TRIER . Coblenz 1874, translation by Anton Nikenich in 100 years of Raiffeisenbank Kärlich , pp. 28. – 30.
  2. ↑ Winfried Henrichs: 100 years parish Maria Himmelfahrt Mülheim . 1987, pp. 57-61.
  3. ^ A b c Franz-Josef Risse / Lothar Spurzem: Parish and Parish Church of St. Mauritius Kärlich . Published by the Catholic parish of St. Mauritius Kärlich, Mülheim-Kärlich 1991.
  4. ^ Udo Liessem in "Archive for Middle Rhine Church History". 1978, p. 19 u. 20th
  5. ^ Winfried Henrichs: City Chronicle Mülheim-Kärlich . Ed. City of Mülheim-Kärlich, 2009, p. 69.
  6. ^ Franz-Josef Risse / Lothar Spurzem: Parish and parish church of St. Mauritius Kärlich . Edited by the Catholic Parish of St. Mauritius Kärlich, Mülheim-Kärlich 1991, p. 11.
  7. ^ Franz-Josef Risse / Lothar Spurzem: Parish and parish church of St. Mauritius Kärlich . Ed. Kath. Kirchengemeinde St. Mauritius Kärlich, Mülheim-Kärlich 1991, pp. 13-16.
  8. ↑ a b c Franz-Josef Risse / Lothar Spurzem: Parish church and parish of St. Mauritius Kärlich . New edition. Published by the Catholic Church Community of St. Mauritius Kärlich, Mülheim-Kärlich 2017.
  9. ↑ Damaris Wurmdobler: The "angel paintings" and the color scheme of the nave . In: Festschrift on the occasion of the completion of the renovation work in the parish church of St. Mauritius, Mülheim-Kärlich 1994.
  10. ↑ Franz-Josef Risse u. Lothar Spurzem: Parish Church and Parish of St. Mauritius Kärlich . New edition. Published by the Catholic Church Community of St. Mauritius Kärlich, Mülheim-Kärlich 2017, p. 43.
  11. ^ Pastor Michael Rams: Tree of life for the parish church of St. Mauritius Kärlich . In: Parish Letter 02/2013.
  12. ↑ Manufacturer information on the organ of St. Mauritius ( Memento from July 1, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  13. ↑ Josef Schmitt: What do we know about an organ in Kärlich? In: Festschrift for the 200th anniversary of the church choir, Mülheim-Kärlich 1975, p. 25.
  14. ^ Gerhard Reinhold: Otto bells. Family and company history of the Otto bell foundry dynasty . Self-published, Essen 2019, ISBN 978-3-00-063109-2 , p. 588, in particular pages 514, 525, 550 .
  15. ↑ Gerhard Reinhold: Church bells - Christian world cultural heritage, illustrated using the example of the bell founder Otto, Hemelingen / Bremen . Nijmegen / NL 2019, p. 556, in particular pp. 479, 487, 506 , urn : nbn: nl: ui: 22-2066 / 204770 (dissertation at Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen).
  16. ↑ Georg Reitz: History of the cath. Parish church Kärlich . 1930/31, p. 38.

Coordinates: 50 ° 23 ′ 14.8 "  N , 7 ° 29 ′ 11"  E