Storebæltsbroen
Coordinates: 55 ° 20 ′ 29 ″ N , 11 ° 2 ′ 10 ″ E
| Storebæltsbro | ||
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| Official name | Storebæltsbro | |
| use | Road and Railway Bridge (West Bridges), Road Bridge (East Bridge) | |
| Convicted |
 Europastraße 20
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| Crossing of | Great Belt | |
| place |
Fyn ( Eng .: Funen ) and Sjælland ( Zealand ) |
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| Entertained by | A / S Storebælt | |
| construction | Suspension bridge | |
| overall length | 6790 meters (east part), 6611 meters (west part) |
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| Longest span | 1624 meters | |
| Clear height | 65 meters (east part), 18 meters (west part) |
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| vehicles per day | 32 500 (as of 2015) | |
| opening | June 14, 1998 | |
| planner | COWIconsult, architect Dissing + Weitling | |
| location | ||
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| Location and detailed map | ||
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Storebæltsbroen ( German The Great Belt Bridge , also: The Bridge over the Great Belt ) is a bridge in Denmark . The structure is part of the Storebaelt crossing said the strait Great Belt between the islands Fyn ( Danish Fyn ) and Zealand ( Danish Zealand ). The construction includes a toll motorway and a rail link. Non-motorized road users must use the railway, which runs through a tunnel between Sprogø and Zealand.
In the West, two connecting prestressed concrete - box girder bridges with low clearance Funen with the small island Sprogø. The eastern section of the bridge is formed by a suspension bridge , which, with a main span of 1624 meters, is one of the longest suspension bridges in the world .
The cost of the building was the equivalent of around 7.5 billion D-Marks . According to estimates by the operator in 1998, the construction costs are to be refinanced within 35 years with the help of tolls.
Location and construction
Until the Great Belt Bridge was put into operation, there was a ferry connection between Funen and Zealand. Combined road vehicle and railway ferries were used, the ports were at Nyborg and Korsør .
The railway and road bridges are parallel to each other in the western part between Funen and Sprogø. On the east side between the artificially enlarged island of Sprogø and Zealand, the two traffic routes run independently of each other. The København – Fredericia railway runs through an eight-kilometer tunnel under the main fairway of the Great Belt, the road over a high bridge. The railway connection went into operation in 1997, the road in the following summer of 1998. The toll booth is on the Zeeland side for both directions.
The west bridges were mainly installed with the large Svanen floating crane , which lifted the prefabricated parts onto the piers. The eastern section of the structure between the island of Sprogø and Zealand has a total length of 6790 meters. Part of this construction is a suspension bridge, which with its length of 2694 meters and a main span of 1624 meters is the longest suspension bridge in Europe and the third longest suspension bridge in the world after the Akashi Kaikyō Bridge and the Xihoumen Bridge . Their reinforced concrete pylons are 254 meters high, the deck is 31 meters wide and about 70 meters above sea level.
The passage under the bridge is restricted to ships with a maximum height of 65 m. The draft of the ships may be up to 15.4 m above the parallel Great Belt railway tunnel ( see Baltimax ). The Öresund as an alternative route, on the other hand, only allows a draft of 8 m and the Kiel Canal 9.5 m.
Storebæltsbro is operated by a subsidiary of the state-owned company Sund & Bælt , which is also responsible for planning the planned “fixed” Fehmarnbelt link, which is to replace the ferry connection between Fehmarn on the German side and Zealand on the Danish side.
Wind influences
The west bridge is equipped with two wind measuring points for train operations, which are monitored by the Danmarks Meteorologiske Institute (DMI). From a measured wind speed of 21 m / s (75.6 km / h) on average of ten minutes, a maximum speed of 80 km / h applies to freight trains. From 27 m / s (97.2 km / h), freight traffic is completely stopped, the maximum speed of 100 km / h then applies to electrically operated passenger trains, and there are no restrictions for passenger trains operated by diesel vehicles. From 30 m / s (108 km / h) all traffic is stopped.
As a result of the accident on January 2, 2019, the safety regulations for strong winds were changed on January 8, 2019. Up to 15 m / s on a 10-minute average, there are no restrictions, between 15 and 20 m / s freight trains (except for idle locomotives) may travel a maximum of 80 km / h. Freight traffic (with the exception of idle locomotives) is stopped between 20 and 25 m / s. Passenger train traffic is possible up to 25 m / s without restriction, at higher wind speeds all traffic is stopped.
Railway accident in 2019
On the morning of January 2, 2019, at 7.45 a.m., there was a railway accident on the railway bridge between Funen and Sprogø in heavy winds , which also affected the roadway of the road bridge. 8 people lost their lives and another 16 were injured.
Others
On 3 March 2005 wrecked the 88-meter Danish 3500-ton freighter Karen Danielsen with the West Bridge. A Croatian seaman died after falling into the hold of the ship. The captain was seriously injured and three other sailors were slightly injured. The navigating bridge of the ship was torn off the ship clamped under the bridge. The structure was reopened to traffic after a few hours.
Storebæltsbroen is used as a motif on the 1000 kroner banknotes . The banknote is part of a series published between 2009 and 2011 that, among other things, has Danish bridges as a theme. It was drawn by the artist Karin Birgitte Lund.
In 2009 the cruise ship Oasis of the Seas , built in Finland, passed under the east bridge . The ship is 72 m high in its normal state. To enable passage, it was equipped with retractable chimneys, increasing the height to 64.75 m, i.e. H. 25 cm below the clear height, could be reduced. By crossing under at maximum speed, the clearance could be increased to 50 cm ( squat effect).
photos
West and East Bridge, bridge deck
Roadway and railroad tracks on the west bridges
West bridges from the water
East bridge, anchoring the bridge cables
The east bridge seen from a ship
General view of the east bridge
The east bridge
Web links
- Official website
- Private website about the bridge
- Storebæltsbroen. In: Structurae (east bridge)
- Storebæltsbroen. In: Structurae (West Bridge)
- Film from Hochtief about the construction of the bridge
Footnotes
Remarks
- ↑ Rounded daily average value, calculated from information provided by the bridge operator : Trafiktal fra Storebælt . On storebaelt.dk, accessed on 11 August 2016 (Danish)
- ↑ Analogous to the tariffs of comparable ferry connections, the amount of the toll levied depends on the type of vehicle or its respective tariff allocation; In addition, discount and bulk prices are offered, see: Prices. A / S Storebælt, accessed July 18, 2016 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Storebæltsbroen. In: Structurae
- ↑ Tagesschau from June 14, 1998
- ^ Great Belt East Bridge . In: Fédération Internationale de la Précontrainte (ed.): Awards for outstanding structures 1998 . S. 14 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ A / S Storebælt . At sundogbaelt.dk, accessed on August 11, 2016
- ^ Femern Bælt project . At sundogbaelt.dk, accessed on August 11, 2016
- ↑ bane.dk: Storebæltsforbindelsen. Minimum force for opretholdelse af toggangen . In: Trafikcirkulære . No. 36/2017 , August 31, 2017, p. 8 .
- ↑ bane.dk: Instruks 1.4 - Storebæltsforbindelsen Sikkerhedsbestemmelser . In: SIN-L - Local instrukser . October 2, 2017, p. 239 .
- ↑ Banedanmark (ed.): Supplerende Sikkerhedsbestemmelser: SR SSB 106-2019 . TIB 1, Storebæltsforbindelsen. Restrictioner ved tværvind. January 8, 2019 (Danish).
- ↑ Six dead in a train accident in Denmark. In: tagesanzeiger.ch . January 2, 2019, accessed January 2, 2019 .
- ↑ Danish police: Six dead and 16 injured in train accident. In: n-tv.de . January 2, 2019, accessed January 2, 2019 .
- ↑ Danish National Bank : Danske pengesedler series 2009-2011 ( Memento of 5 November 2006 at the Internet Archive ), retrieved (Danish) on September 22, 2012
- ↑ The world's largest cruise ship Oasis of the Seas passes Storebæltsbro , Der Spiegel.
- ^ Magic trick under the Storebæltsbroen , Svenska Dagbladet (Swedish).