Hurricane Christian

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Hurricane Christian
Winter storm hurricane
Data
Beginning October 27, 2013
Climax October 28, 2013
The End October 29, 2013
consequences
affected areas Northwest France , British Isles , Belgium , the Netherlands , North Germany , Denmark , South Sweden , Northwest Russia
Victim at least 14

Hurricane Christian , in the United Kingdom unofficially St Jude's Day Storm , in Sweden Höststormen Simone ('Autumn Storm Simone'), was a hurricane that caused severe damage in Western and Northern Europe on October 27 and 28, 2013. The coastal regions of northern Germany ( Schleswig-Holstein / Lower Saxony ), Denmark , the Netherlands , southern England and southern Sweden were particularly affected . Parts of central Germany also suffered damage.

Names

Like every high and low pressure area since 1954, this hurricane also got its name from the Free University of Berlin , although these names have been given for several years as part of the Wetterpate campaign . These names are now used informally in other European countries, with the exception of the United Kingdom and Scandinavia.

The name St Jude's Day Storm used in the UK was not, as originally reported, given by an employee of the UK Met Office and the Met Office said it did not know the originator of the name. In fact, the name of the storm was invented by meteorologist Leon Brown, who works for the Weather Channel , after the holiday of Saint Jude Thaddeus , which takes place on October 28th, the day the storm was expected to peak. The name first became popular on Twitter before it was adopted by the UK media.

Sveriges meteorologiska och hydrologiska institut chose the name Simone because her name day falls on October 28th. Here one speaks of Höststormen (autumn storm).

Storm course

Satellite image, October 28, 2013 at 12:10 UTC, “eye” over the Baltic Sea, towing front across Central Europe

On October 25, a secondary low formed off the American east coast on the southern flank of the Icelandic low Burkhard , located southeast of Greenland . Driven by the jet stream, Christian quickly moved eastward across the North Atlantic and deepened.

The developing low formed a baroclinic leaf before sliding beneath the jet stream; this already absorbed the remaining depth of the earlier tropical storm Lorenzo in the central North Atlantic. The tropical air from that storm supplied sufficient energy to the developing low pressure area, adding to the jet streak and helping the low pressure area intensify in an area closer to Europe than usual. This set in a rapid intensification before the storm hit Western Europe.

The storm reached the coasts of Brittany and England on October 27 at around 7 pm, and the minimum air pressure had dropped to 990 hPa; In gusts, the storm reached wind speeds of more than 110 km / h. At 10 p.m. wind gusts of more than 130 km / h were recorded on the Breton coast. The air pressure fell to 984 hPa as the storm moved in an east-northeast direction over the south of the United Kingdom and the coasts of the English Channel .

Two strong wind fields were observed over southern England: one hit the south coast of Great Britain before the storm broke through, and the second hit East Anglia and the south-east of England when the storm hit the North Sea . According to meteorologists, this second wind field is possibly a sting jet , an area where wind speeds are increased by rapidly descending downdrafts from the upper layers of the storm.

Up until October 28, 2013 at 6 p.m., the strongest wind gust was registered in Kegnæs, Denmark, at 193 km / h. The highest wind speed in Germany was measured at 191 km / h on the islands of Helgoland and Borkum . In France the strongest gusts were measured with 147 km / h in Cap Gris-Nez , with 134 km / h in Camaret-sur-Mer , with 126 km / h in Boulogne-sur-Mer , with 125 km / h on Cap de la Hague , at 116 km / h in Ouessant , 115 km / h on the Île de Groix and at 112 km / h on the Pointe du Raz . In places, up to 40 mm of precipitation fell during the storm.

The storm had an enormous pressure gradient, so that it drew warm air far from the south to Central Europe: To the southeast, in front of the long-dragged cold front of the low, temperatures were well over 20 ° C.

Effects

By the evening of October 29, 2013, the storm officially killed at least 14 people in Europe, six of them in Germany. Four people were killed in the UK, two in the Netherlands, one in Denmark and one in France.

United Kingdom

130 flights to and from London Heathrow Airport were canceled and ferry traffic between Dover and Calais was interrupted because the English port was closed. The reactor B of the Dungeness nuclear power plant was shut down for safety reasons. The building of the Cabinet Office in Whitehall was a crane damaged, the fall over in the wind.

Germany

Greetsiel twin mills on October 30, 2013

In large parts of north and north-west Germany, public transport came to a complete standstill. In particular, north of a line Dortmund - Hanover - Berlin and in most of North Rhine-Westphalia there were severe disruptions in bus and rail traffic, in Schleswig-Holstein all train traffic had to be stopped from the afternoon of October 28 due to massive storm damage. The Hamburg S-Bahn stood still except for the tunnel section; The underground and railroad traffic were also affected. In addition, air traffic was severely impaired at times.

In the East Frisian tourist and fishing village of Greetsiel , one of the two twin mills , which are a landmark of the place, was severely damaged by the hurricane .

In Sönke-Nissen-Koog , which belongs to the North Frisian community of Reußenköge , large numbers of the farm buildings registered in the Schleswig-Holstein state monuments list were badly affected. An agricultural property was completely destroyed. In the neighboring Kögen, too, trees were frequently uprooted and buildings damaged.

In Germany, wind turbines fed a maximum output of 24.7 GW into the grid on October 28 between 11 a.m. and 12 noon. At that time, this meant a new German record, which was exceeded again at the beginning of December during the hurricane Xaver . The daily average delivered over 20 GW, with minimum values ​​in the range of 18 GW. The total amount of electricity produced on that day was around 500 million kWh .

See also

Web links

Commons : Orkan Christian  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Klaus Kurpjuweit, Andreas Oswald: Storm over Europe - more than a dozen dead , Der Tagesspiegel . October 28, 2013. Retrieved October 29, 2013. Autumn storm Christian: Hurricane kills at least 14 people , Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger online 
  2. ↑ Tom Bawden, Matthew Moore: St Jude's Day Storm: Four dead after night of destruction - but at least we saw it coming (English) , The Independent . October 28, 2013. Retrieved October 29, 2013. 
  3. ↑ Shiv Malik: St Jude: apostle whose namesake storm is about to batter Britain (English) . In: The Guardian , October 30, 2013. Retrieved October 27, 2013. 
  4. ↑ a b Våldsamt väder snart här (Swedish) . In: Dagens Nyheter , October 28, 2013. Retrieved October 30, 2013. 
  5. ↑ Anna Leach: Met Office: We don't know why the storm is called St Jude (English) , Channel 4 News . October 27, 2013. Retrieved October 28, 2013. 
  6. ^ John Vidal: St Jude, Christian or Carmen - whose storm is it anyway? , The Guardian. October 28, 2013. Retrieved October 30, 2013. 
  7. ↑ Höststormen Simone drar in med full kraft ( Swedish ) Sveriges meteorologiska och hydrologiska institut (SMHI). October 28, 2013. Retrieved October 29, 2013.
  8. ↑ Analysis October 25, 2013 (GIF) Freie Universität Berlin . Retrieved October 30, 2013.
  9. ^ Analysis October 26, 2013 (GIF) Freie Universität Berlin . Retrieved October 30, 2013.
  10. ^ Warnings over storm due to hit England and Wales ( English ) BBC News. October 26, 2013. Retrieved October 30, 2013.
  11. ↑ UK windstorm heads to northern Europe ( English ) Insurance Times. Retrieved October 28, 2013.
  12. ^ 'Worst in years': St Jude storm wreaks havoc across N. Europe, at least 10 dead (English) , Russia Today . October 28, 2010. Retrieved October 30, 2013. 
  13. ^ Liam Dutton: UK storm: the facts (English) . In: Liam Dutton on Weather: Channel 4 News , 2013-28-2013. Retrieved October 28, 2013. 
  14. ↑ http://www.wzforum.de/forum2/read.php?2,2763113,2763128#msg-2763128
  15. ^ Bilan de la tempête Christian ( French ) La Chaîne Météo . Retrieved October 30, 2013.
  16. ↑ SUIVIE de la tempête Christian ( French ) www.meteociel.fr. Retrieved October 30, 2013.
  17. ^ Christian demands six dead in Germany , RP-Online.de
  18. ↑ Bahn hurricane "Christian" kills 14 people ( memento of the original from October 31, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.heute.de archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , heute.de
  19. ^ "Christian" paralyzes train traffic ( memento of October 30, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) , in Tagesschau ; accessed on October 31, 2013
  20. ^ Regional report ( memento of October 30, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) , NDR
  21. ↑ IWR: German record: almost 25,000 megawatts of wind power generate electricity . October 28, 2013; Retrieved November 1, 2013
  22. ↑ See actual production wind ( memento of the original from February 27, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Website of the EEX power exchange, October 28, 2013. Accessed November 6, 2013. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.transparency.eex.com