RT (TV station)

RT (formerly Russia Today )
	TV station ( private law )
program type	Specialist program (information)
reception	Cable , Satellite , IPTV
image resolution	( entry missing )
broadcast start	September 15, 2005
owner	Rossiya Sevodnya
managing Director	Alexei Nikolov (General Director)
program director	Margarita Simonyan (Editor-in-Chief)
List of TV channels
site

Studio building in Moscow

RT , until 2009 Russia Today , is an international television program founded and funded by the Russian state on December 10, 2005 . The program, which is distributed on the Internet and via satellite transponders , claims to present the audience with the "Russian perspective" on international events and to represent a counterweight to "Western media". Critics consider the station to be the Russian government's foreign propaganda channel . He is accused of targeted disinformation such as the dissemination of conspiracy theories . The RT editor-in-chief Margarita Simonyan compared the channel with theDepartment of Defense and declared that an information war was being waged "against the entire western world ".

RT had about 2000 employees worldwide in 2012, with headquarters in Moscow . It is part of the media company Rossiya Sevodnya (Russia today) together with Ruptly (headquarters: Berlin ) and Sputnik . The five-language program includes news formats, talk shows, debates and documentaries. It will be broadcast by satellite in English , Arabic , Spanish and French . The program is not identical in the respective languages.

Since 2014, RT DE has been offering a German-language program based in Berlin-Adlershof . In February 2022, the Commission for Licensing and Supervision banned broadcasting and broadcasting via all channels (Internet, app, satellite) due to a missing broadcasting license.

In addition, content is offered via the Internet: news portals, channels on YouTube (news multi-channel network on channels in Arabic, Chinese, German, English, French, Spanish and Russian) and Facebook pages.

story

Vladimir Putin visiting the RT broadcast center, 2013

beginnings

The channel was founded as part of a media offensive by the Russian government to improve the image of Russia abroad. The director, Margarita Simonjan , was advised by British media experts with the aim of designing the programs based on the CNN and BBC models. Looking back in 2013, Putin commented on the motives behind the founding of RT to Margarita Simonian : "When we developed this project in 2005, we wanted to introduce a new strong player at the world level, a player who not only has an unbiased view of what is happening in Russia would offer, but also .... would try to break the Anglo-Saxon monopoly over the global flow of information. And it seems to me that you are succeeding.”

The idea of a new foreign television channel is credited to then-Communications and Media Minister Mikhail Lessin and Vladimir Putin's then-press secretary Alexei Gromov , both of whom expressed dissatisfaction with foreign journalists' "distorted and biased view of Russia," but first with the Putin government saw the possibility of realizing their plan. Lessin said it was important to polish Russia's bearish image. He doesn't shy away from the word "propaganda" that one has to advertise Russia internationally so as not to look like roaring bears.

With the help of the state news agency RIA Novosti , on April 6, 2005, the state umbrella organization “TV-Novosti” was established, to which Russia Today belongs. To begin with, RIA Novosti director Svetlana Mironyuk noted: “Unfortunately, at the level of mass consciousness in the West, Russia is associated with only three words: communism, snow and poverty. (...) we would like to give a more complete picture of life in our country.”

Russia Today went on the air in English on December 10, 2005 after a three-month trial period. At the start of the broadcast, the channel employed 300 journalists, including around 70 foreign employees. The 25-year-old journalist Margarita Simonian was appointed editor-in-chief in 2005. She had previously worked as a reporter for the state broadcaster Rossiya 1 and was part of Putin's campaign team in 2011.

Founded in 2005, RT mostly broadcast positive news about Russia. In the first four years, events and people from Russian and Soviet history were presented in a positive light; In 2007, for example, the channel showed Josef Stalin with a pen in his hand and described him as an author of romantic poems.

reorientation

RT garnered global attention in 2008 for its coverage of the Ossetian war as it portrayed Georgia as the aggressor in the conflict with the separatist governments of South Ossetia and Abkhazia , who were being protected by Russian troops. RT treated these events as a paragon of its ability to report to the world public. Margarita Simonyan judged that RT was the only English-language medium that presented the other side of the story - the South Ossetian one.

After the 2008 Caucasus War , RT fundamentally changed its modus operandi: the focus was no longer on portraying Russia in the world, which a BBC content analysis judged to be unremarkable, but on representing Russia's foreign policy vis-à-vis other countries' reporting and criticism the politics of these countries. According to Editor-in-Chief Simonyan, the Russian perspective on the war was neglected in international reporting. The subject changed from positive news from Russia to negative news from abroad; the strategy from the previous positive soft power to a "rapid, sustained and repetitive propaganda" that has no claim to consistency. It “entertains, confuses and overwhelms viewers”, according to the authors of the RAND Corporation in 2016. According to the NZZ , “ fake news ” was one of the “recognisable editorial strategies of the broadcaster” as early as 2008. Now the focus was on protests, conflicts and social problems in Western Europe and the USA. There is hardly any reporting about Russia.

In doing so, "RT denounces the duplicity of Western politics and questions its values," according to Reporters Without Borders . With the reorientation, Simonjan again resorted to the help of the advertising expert McCann , who also came up with the new advertising slogan: Question more (ask more questions, question more). According to Russia expert Stefan Meister from the Society for Foreign Relations, the broadcaster is specifically looking for topics from the right-wing spectrum that weaken the mainstream and the European Union .

During the 2008 economic crisis, the Russian government under Prime Minister Vladimir Putin decided to add TV-Novosti to its list of core organizations of strategic importance.

In 2013, Simonyan described the station as the Kremlin's "Defence Ministry". In her opinion, a foreign broadcaster is “not absolutely necessary in times of peace. But in war it can be decisive. You don't just found an army a week before the start of the war," says Simonyan.

As part of this development, and to reach a larger audience in the United States, RT dropped the word Russia from the name. The name "Russia Today" used since the start in 2005 was replaced in 2009 by the abbreviation "RT", which has since been adopted as a logo in all language versions. Simonyan denied that the name change was intended to hide the Russian background, the logo change was intended to attract more viewers who didn't just want to watch news about Russia all day long.

In May 2013, former CNN talk show host Larry King took over a new talk show on RT. King said in an RT commercial, "I prefer to interview people in positions of power than speak on their behalf." As part of the deal, King brought his Hulu series Larry King Now to the RT programming . On June 13, 2013, RT previewed the new Thursday night program: Politicking. This episode discussed Edward Snowden's release of the PRISM program.

expansion

channel	broadcast start	language
RT International	Dec 2005	English
Rusiya Al Yaum	May 2007	Arabic
RT Updated	Dec 2009	Spanish
RT America	Feb 2010	English
RT Documentary	June 2011	Russian and English
RT UK	Oct 2014	English
RT Français	2017	French
RT Deutsch (web portal with information broadcast)	Nov 2014	German

In 2007 an Arabic version (Rusiya Al-Yaum) and in 2009 a Spanish version (RT Actualidad) were added. The Arabic version, initiated in 2007, was originally called Rūsiyā al-Yaum (روسيا اليوم, Arabic for "Russia today") and now uses the English term "RT Arabic". The Spanish program name was not clearly related to Russia from the beginning, here the station started in 2009 under the name "RT Noticias" (Spanish for "RT News") and is now called "RT en Español" ("RT in Spanish").

These channels broadcast a parallel program to the English language version of RT International. RT America was founded in 2010. Since June 23, 2011, there is also the channel RT Д (the Cyrillic Д corresponds to the Latin D), which broadcasts documentaries and reports on Russia and global topics in Russian and English and offers a range of topics covering culture, technology, art, history, extreme sports and politics.

From 2009 to 2013, RT made some of its content available to foreign broadcasters for free and encouraged international media to include this content in their programming. The RT website made it possible to download film footage for in-house productions, finished material, opinions from experts and RT correspondents translated into English, Arabic, Spanish and Russian. In 2012, the broadcaster hired 100 new employees and founded the Berlin - based news agency Ruptly , which offers videos and live reports of current events for sale at particularly reasonable prices. About a year after Ruptly was founded, the free offer to receive content from other broadcasters was discontinued.

RT America

In 2010, RT America opened its first studio near Washington. RT America broadcasts a mix of news and talk shows during prime time. According to the PRI , 4/5 of the content has a strong connection to US issues.

On November 13, 2017, the US Department of Justice referred to the Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA) ("Americans have a right to know who is acting in the United States to influence the US government or public on behalf of foreign principals"). Foreign power companies must register as foreign agent(s) in the United States. After two months, the authority named the definitive date, whereupon RT declared that it would comply on November 13th. In Russia, foreign-funded NGOs have been required to register under a controversial law since 2012.

As of April 1, 2018, RT is no longer available on cable in Washington.

RT UK

RT UK is the Russia Today program for the United Kingdom . RT has set up its own studios in Millbank Tower in London for the British offshoot. RT UK produces four hours of its own programming on weekdays and otherwise broadcasts RT International's English service. In April 2018, British media regulator Ofcom launched an investigation into RT UK for misrepresentations in its programming, particularly in the case of the poisoning of former Russian double agent Sergei Skripal . In July 2019, the agency fined Russia Today £200,000 for not reporting objectively enough on various issues, including the Skripal case, politics in Ukraine and the conflict in Syria.

RT DE

The broadcaster's German-language website started on November 6, 2014. In February 2022, it had to stop broadcasting due to a lack of a broadcasting license. The station is still based in a television studio in Berlin-Adlershof . RT DE is primarily an internet portal with articles and videos. The only broadcast was initially the half-hour video journal "The Missing Part". Young people were consistently seen as reporters in front of the camera. The moderator of "The Missing Part" was Jasmin Kosubek . Nicolaj Gericke was on duty as an outside reporter , who attracted attention, among other things, with his conspiracy theories about the murder of Russian opposition figure Boris Nemtsov . The reporter Maria Janssen is also active for RT DE . She drew attention to herself with her polemical reports on the coverage of the "Russian-phobic mainstream media " on the Lisa case . In 2016, the format The Missing Part was reduced in broadcast. Instead, a weekly news satire magazine called 451° and a report series from Russia with less political topics called Once in Russia will be produced as new regular series. The missing part was redesigned in 2017, away from the half-hour broadcast, towards shorter, but again daily contributions on its own YouTube channel. The format was based primarily on interviews and comments conducted or presented by Kosubek. The show ended in July 2020. The editor-in-chief of the online editorial team of RT deutsch is the German journalist Florian Warweg, who previously worked for the German-language online newspaper on Latin America Amerika21 .

According to the editor-in-chief of RT DE Ivan Rodionov to the daily newspaper Junge Welt , the number of visitors in 2016 increased from six to eight million within three months. The online newspaper Russia.news wrote that RT DE's followers in the social networks continued and increased at an above-average rate, but not in the dimensions specified by Rodionov, but only "by almost 20% in five months". Between October 2017 and October 2018, RT DE was able to increase the interactions of its posts on the social network Facebook by 13.8% and reached a total of 800,000 followers on all social networks by October 2019. In February 2018, RT DE had around 578,000 followers, most of them on Facebook and YouTube, where the broadcaster runs three of its own channels. Especially when it comes to videos, RT DE is dominant among Russian providers who distribute their content in German. With its interactions in social networks, RT DE was ranked 16th among the German-language media in February 2018, according to the analysis of the blog 10000 Flies Blog , and even ranked seventh in April. The 10000 Flies blog attributed this primarily to the articles on the poisoning case by Sergei Viktorovich Skripal . In the months that followed, the placement fell again; RT DE was 14th in May and 19th in June. In February 2019, RT DE was only 20th (as of January 2022, this is the blog's most recent ranking).

In addition to the employees in Berlin, employees at other locations also work specifically for the German program of RT, such as the Russian journalist Margarita Bitjuzkich at the beginning . Bitjuzkich later moved to Berlin and meanwhile took over the co-moderation of Kosubek in the "Missing Part". On October 29, 2020, the name was changed from RT Deutsch to RT DE . At the same time, the website was given a new visual appearance.

The Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution states in its annual report for 2018 that RT is one of the most important actors in the veiled and subtle influencing of the German public by Russian state media.

Since dozens of German and international banks such as Commerzbank had refused to open a business account for RT Deutsch, the Russian government accused Germany in 2021 of using this method to suppress the alleged "discoverers, the truth bearers, from the system". According to Deutschlandfunk correspondent Thielko Grieß, this is another "conspiracy myth" to distract attention from the worsening working conditions for German journalists in Russia.

In mid-August 2021, RT DE failed to apply for a broadcasting license in Luxembourg in order to bypass the German state media authorities. In mid-September 2021, RT DE announced that it would broadcast its program directly from Moscow via its own TV channel from December.

After RT DE 's YouTube channel was temporarily banned for a week for violating YouTube's terms of service on "medical misinformation" related to a COVID-19 topic , RT DE circumvented this restriction by uploading videos to its backup channel , The Missing Part . As this is a violation of YouTube's policies, YouTube permanently banned both German RT channels on September 28, 2021. The RT-DE channel recently had around 614,000 subscribers. As a result, the Russian telecommunications regulator Roskomnadzor asked the parent company Google to lift the block as soon as possible, otherwise the YouTube platform would be blocked in Russia in return. RT DE stated that no attempts were made to circumvent restrictions and that the restrictions applied to RT DE and not The Missing Part (DFP) as they were not channels on the same account. RT and DFP appealed the lockdown. In the context of the RT DE ban, Russia threatened not only to block YouTube in Russia but also to block German media in Russia. "The editor-in-chief of RT, Margarita Simonyan, tweeted about a ban on Deutsche Welle and the closure of the correspondent offices of ARD and ZDF in Moscow."

Broadcaster ban

At the beginning of February 2022, the Commission for Licensing and Supervision of the State Media Authorities (ZAK) announced that the "production and distribution of the television program RT DE" had been prohibited in Germany because there was no media law license. According to this decision, RT DE must stop broadcasting its television program via live stream on the Internet, via its own app and via another Eutelsat satellite. RT had argued that the TV-Novisti organization had obtained a cable and satellite broadcasting license for RT DE in Serbia in December 2021, citing a Council of Europe convention that provides for the free broadcasting of cross-border television programmes. However, European media law experts pointed out that Europe-wide broadcasting is only legally permissible under this agreement if the broadcaster's entire headquarters are located in the country of approval - in this case Serbia. De facto , however, RT DE runs its editorial office in Berlin.

In response to the ban, the Russian government banned Deutsche Welle (DW) from broadcasting in Russia the day after and canceled the accreditations of all DW employees . Unlike in Germany, this is required in order to be allowed to work as a journalist in Russia. The Russian Foreign Ministry also threatened to place Deutsche Welle on the list of "foreign agents" and to impose sanctions on "representatives of German state and public structures involved in restricting the broadcasting of RT".

program of the station

News from international and Russian politics, business, culture and sport as well as documentaries, political magazines ( IMHO , In Context, 451 Grad ) and the daily political talk show "Spotlight with Al Gurnov" make up the program of the channel. The program of the English-language news channel RT consists of segments that are occasionally interrupted by program announcements. Documentaries and talk formats are usually broadcast several times, often several times in one day. Half-hour messages are sent every hour on the hour.

Current programs

On Contact ( Chris Hedges )
Renegade Inc. (Ross Ashcroft)
Keizer Report ( Max Keizer starring Stacy Herbert ) by RT UK
America's Lawyer (Mike Papantonio)
Interview (various presenters)
Going Underground (Afshin Rattansi) by RT UK
News Thing (Sam Delaney)
Redacted Tonight (Lee Camp) by RT America
Watching the Hawks (Tyrel Ventura, Sean Stone and Tabetha Wallace)
Sophie Co ( Sophie Shevardnadze )
CrossTalk (Peter Lavelle)
Larry King Now ( Larry King )
Sputnik ( George Galloway ) by RT UK
Politics Ticking ( Larry King )
In the Now (Anissa Naouai)

German language formats

Fasbender's Week ( Thomas Fasbender )
Federal press conference (Florian Warweg)
451 degrees (Arthur Buchholz)
Once in Russia
The Missing Part ( Jasmine Kosubek , Margarita Bityutskikh) (November 2014 until discontinued in July 2020)

previous programs

Off the Grid ( Jesse Ventura )
Capital Account (Lauren Lyster) from RT America
Why you should care! (Tim Kirby)
Breaking the Set ( Abby Martin )
In Context (Peter Lavelle)
Spotlight (Aleksandr Gurnov)
On the Money (Peter Lavelle)
World Tomorrow ( Julian Assange )
Moscow Out (Martyn Andrews)
Adam vs. the Man (Adam Kokesh)
The Alyona Show (Alyona Minkovski)
The Big Picture ( Thom Hartmann ) from RT America
The News with Ed Schultz ( Ed Schultz )

Interview partners or guests

Play media file

Vladimir Putin on RT: Interview September 6, 2012

According to the historian Volker Weiß , the slogans of Pegida and AfD find their “reliable echo” on RT. The online editor-in-chief of RT Deutsch, Florian Warweg, denies the accusation that RT Deutsch's audience is mainly to be found on the political right. However, according to the broadcaster's own surveys, it is clear that it has hardly any viewers from the political center. According to Correctiv , in August 2016, in a report on refugees, RT Deutsch interviewed a man on the street, namely Dortmund neo -Nazi Michael Brück from the Dierechte party . However, neither his name nor his party affiliation were mentioned in the post.

According to Jesse Zwick, RT persuades pundits and journalists to appear as guests by allowing them to speak at length on issues ignored by major news outlets. RT frequently interviews left-wing scholars, intellectuals, and writers from organizations like The Nation , Reason magazine , Human Events, Center for American Progress , and the Cato Institute , who are critical of US foreign and civil rights policies. RT also provides a forum for relatively unknown commentators, globalization opponents, anarchists and left-wing activists. According to journalist Danny Schechter, the main reason for RT's success in the US is that RT is a force of diversity, giving a voice to people who are rarely heard on traditional US television networks.

Notable guests included experts such as Jared Bernstein , John Feffer and Lawrence Korb; journalists and writers Jacob Sullum, Pepe Escobar and Brian Doherty, leaders including Ecuador's President Rafael Correa and Syria's President Bashar al-Assad . Nigel Farage , the leader of the UK Independence Party , appeared on RT 18 times between 2010 and 2014.

In 2010, Julia Ioffe described RT as "provocative just for the sake of provocation" when selecting guests and topics, for example when it had a Russian historian speak about the impending dissolution of the USA, broadcast speeches by Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez , about homelessness in report to the USA and invite the leader of the New Black Panther Party for an interview. In trying to show an alternative point of view, RT is forced to speak to marginalized, obnoxious, and often insignificant people. The Economist noted that RT presents "wild conspiracy theories" that could be considered "kooky" alongside interesting, acceptable and hard-edged topics. In a 2010 report, the Southern Poverty Law Center stated that RT considers the " birther " and " New World Order " conspiracy theories; Right-wing activists and publicists like Jim Stachowiak and Jared Taylor gave interviews to the station. Al Jazeera English published an article noting that RT has a penchant for "for off-beat stories and conspiracy theories." The Algemeiner Journal criticized a lack of objectivity in RT's coverage of the Middle East conflict and anti- Israeli propaganda.

Manuel Ochsenreiter , a neo-Nazi , appeared on RT multiple times. RT News also invited Richard B. Spencer , who supports Bashar al-Assad , or Holocaust denier Ryan Dawson, who was presented as a "human rights activist".

Steve Bannon claimed he appeared on RT probably 100 times or more.

budget

In 2013, the broadcaster had a budget equivalent to about 250 million euros. The budget is paid from the state budget of the Russian Federation. As a result of the depreciation of the currency and the simultaneous decline in oil and gas revenues, RT had to make massive cuts in the program at the beginning of 2015. The second most important channel in English should suffer as few cuts as possible; there are plans to slim down the budgets of the Arabic and Spanish broadcasters.

RT DE

The Russian online newspaper russia.NEWS has criticized RT Deutsch for its self-portrayal as an alternative medium, even though the station actually only portrays “the German-speaking voice of the Russian mainstream, which is also financed for it”. The broadcaster is one-sided and only reports truthfully from Germany on negative developments, but unilaterally withholds positive aspects of the topics dealt with. According to the broadcaster's own description, the German-language program is intended to provide "an item on the one-sided and often interest-driven media mainstream". The aim is to “create a counter-public”.

Reception at the start of the program

At the start of the German-language program, media scientist Bernhard Pörksen explained that RT is using the current "disenchantment with the media as a journalistic niche in the market". Olaf Sundermeyer and Christian Mihr, the managing director of Reporters Without Borders ' German division , see the channel as a Kremlin propaganda tool and believe that RT Deutsch is using media freedom to discredit independent journalism and fuel a growing disenchantment with the media. The managing director of the network for reporting on Eastern Europe , Hanno Gundert, sees the channel as part of the Kremlin's strategy to divide opinion in Europe under the guise of journalism. Carsten Luther, editor of the German weekly newspaper Die Zeit , analyzed the RT method: Although not everything is false and distorted, and some critical contributions are justified, it is overall "outrageous what is sold there as journalism".

Gemma Pörzgen , on the board of Reporters Without Borders , also stated : In my view, Russia Today has little to do with journalism. This is a targeted propaganda tool of the Russian government. Speaking about the channel, political scientist Stefan Meister of the German Society for Foreign Relations said RT specifically picks topics that challenge the western democratic system and attacks the pluralistic media system by claiming that all media lies. After examining the program of the German branch of RT in November 2014, Andreas Macho concluded in the Handelsblatt : “The bottom line is that RT Germany spreads more untruths, abridgements and falsifications than it would clear up – as the moderators keep promising.” The daily newspaper summed it up Selection of the interlocutors of the first weeks of RT Deutsch with "either flaming anti-Americans or EU opponents from the left and right margins". In its media magazine Zapp , the NDR has dealt with some of the first articles and videos from RT Deutsch and uses a few concrete examples to show how the editors translate texts in a distorted way and make false claims. Markus Beckedahl from Netzpolitik.org stated that he and the Netzpolitik authors will not give any interviews to RT in order not to be instrumentalized and not to be sorted “in addition to some right-wing extremists”.

Interview partners and guests at RT DE

As of February 2021, interview partners from German politics are mainly politicians from AfD and Die Linke .

Freelance writers at RT DE

The non-permanent authors of RT DE included (as of February 2021) the conflict researcher Leo Ensel , Rainer Rupp and Karin Kneissl . According to Spiegel Online , "other authors come from a milieu somewhere between DKP and Junge Welt ."

target group

Telepolis ' Harald Neuber quoted a SurveyMonkey poll by RT Deutsch as saying that RT Deutsch's readers and viewers are mostly made up of "non-voters, supporters of the Left Party and the Alternative for Germany ". According to Franziska Schreiber , who has left the AfD, RT Deutsch is generally more positive about the AfD than other German media, mainly because it calculates that it wants to receive information from officials earlier or more openly. This is well received by the party and they have a very positive image of the broadcaster.

According to Sebastian Bartoschek , RT Deutsch has been able to establish itself particularly well in conspiracy theory and AfD circles, but the broadcaster has not succeeded in reaching a broader public. The broadcaster stands out above all for its live broadcasts , for example of Pegida marches. It is noteworthy that RT contributions are "consumed and disseminated without criticism" among users, while "the so-called mainstream media are under general suspicion," says Bartoschek. In the Lisa case , RT Deutsch drew attention to itself with accusations that “ russophobic mainstream media” in Germany “shamelessly exploited the fate of a girl” politically.

Furthermore, the former RT Deutsch employee Lea Frings found in an interview with NDR in February 2016 that RT Deutsch specifically confirmed rights and conspiracy theorists in their opinion. The Correctiv research center came to similar conclusions in an analysis completed at the end of 2016: RT Deutsch offers Eurosceptic politicians from the far left and far right a stage, “The main thing is that the interviewees are critical of Merkel and Euro”.

media effect

According to a study by George Washington University, it was not yet possible to make reliable statements about the change in viewers' opinions as a result of the propaganda strategy pursued by RT in 2015.

In 2015, communications scientist Thomas Petersen analyzed the results of surveys conducted by the Allensbach Institute and came to the conclusion that the “Russian view” of the Ukraine war (such as the allegation of a coup) only received the approval of a comparatively small minority in Germany and thus the influence of the Russian propaganda is low: "The survey results show the limits of the possibilities of political propaganda."

In contrast, the Eastern Europe historian Dmitri Stratievski considered Russia's information strategy in Germany to be efficient in 2016. The posts from RT and Sputnik are often quoted online and shared on Facebook. "They are often perceived as a serious source in the Russia or refugee debate, at least as another source that supplements the established media." In particular, appeals to the Russian-born population are significantly more successful, since here with the effect of a "voice from home “ will be played.

In the Russia analyzes of 2016 , the Eastern Europe historian and political scientist Susanne Spahn showed that against the background of the Ukraine war, Russia intensified its information policy in Germany and other EU countries and tried to influence the public image of Ukraine and to break down stereotypes about the Ukraine (e.g. that Ukraine is not a real state). The reporting of Russian state media on the Ukraine war is dominated by "misrepresentations and historical distortions" in order to construct an enemy image and justify the Russian intervention. RT as a foreign broadcaster plays the most important role. The broadcaster reinterprets the Ukraine conflict and portrays Russia as the victim, while Ukraine and Western countries are the aggressors. According to data from an Allensbach poll, however, only a minority of Germans agree with Russia's view of the Ukraine war.

Conflict researcher Leo Ensel , Rainer Rupp and Karin Kneissl were among the RT DE commentators .

Evaluation by the Federal Press Office

According to Stern magazine , the Federal Press Office has been systematically evaluating and logging the content of RT Deutsch since 2014, similar to that of other media such as Bild.de , Spiegel Online or Stern.de. This corresponds to his task, which includes consists of informing the Federal Government about the global news situation and public opinion ( media monitoring ). Unlike the content of other media, which is accessible to all government employees on the federal government's intranet, the minutes of RT Deutsch are only made available to a small circle around Merkel's government spokesman Steffen Seibert (as of August 2016).

Technical dissemination

In Germany

RT broadcast vehicle in Moscow

Since 2005, RT has been broadcasting 24/7 in English and can be received via satellite (in Europe via Hotbird-6 , Astra 1KR and Eurobird 1 ) and also via digital cable , depending on the local cable network operator . Accordingly, RT is also trying to feed it into cable networks; in Germany RT can e.g. B. in the Unitymedia network and in the Cologne-Bonn-Aachen area in the NetCologne network .

In total, RT is broadcast on over 20 satellites worldwide. While RT English z. B. is broadcast on Hotbird 13° East, Astra 19.2° East and Astra/Eutelsat 28.2° East in SD and HD respectively, RT Arabic in Germany is easiest via Hotbird 13.0° East and RT Spanish via 19 ,2° East to be received, only in SD. In Germany, RT USA can only be received with effort in the C band via NSS-806 at 40.5° West (HD and SD). RT Д in English can only be received in Germany via Hotbird 13.0° East, in both HD and SD.

The various RT channels can also be received via the broadcaster's website via live streaming on the internet . The respective program is also available via the peer-to-peer service Livestation . In addition, individual posts are distributed in a separate channel on YouTube , which exceeded the 1 billion hit mark in June 2013. Political videos on the channel have been viewed approximately 4 million times (about 1% of total views). A majority of the channel's most viewed clips deal with natural disasters, accidents, crime and natural occurrences. Among the top five most viewed videos are clips about the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake , the Chelyabinsk meteor , and a homeless American with a "gold voice". According to a document prepared by RIA Nowosti and released to the press in 2013, the comparatively high number of views can be explained by the fact that RT uploads non-original content to YouTube that other TV channels do not upload due to copyright restrictions.

From RT DE

The parent organization TV Novosti initially tried to use EU regulations for Europe-wide broadcasting for RT DE. On June 15, 2021, TV Novosti submitted an application in Luxembourg. However, the State Ministry there rejected the application with reference to the responsibility of the German authorities. In accordance with the EU directive on audiovisual media services, an agreement has been reached with the responsible authorities in Germany.

RT DE then stuck to its announcement made at the beginning of 2021 that it would go on the air in December. As then became clear, this should be done within the framework of the European Convention on Transfrontier Television of the Council of Europe. In Serbia, TV Novosti received a license with which RT DE finally went on the air on December 16, 2021 via the satellites 9B and 16A of the operator Eutelsat , distributing a linear programme .

The next day, however, the Medienanstalt Berlin-Brandenburg (MABB), as an independent supervisory authority, initiated proceedings because the required broadcasting license for nationwide broadcasting in Germany had neither been applied for nor granted. The MABB sees a German and, because of the connection to Berlin, its own responsibility.

On December 22, 2021, Eutelsat ceased broadcasting on satellite 9B, but remained locked on satellite Eutelsat 16A, which is less attractive for direct reception .

With reference to the Council of Europe Convention, RT protested and announced that it would exhaust all legal means.

The legal dispute now focuses on where RT DE is based and whether it is therefore subject to German jurisdiction. Apparently RT planned this: Until the beginning of June, RT DE Productions GmbH with managing director Dinara Toktosunova was stated as responsible in the imprint of the rt.de.com website. This was changed shortly afterwards, and since then it has been TV Novosti, based in Moscow.

The MABB supervisory authority, in turn, assumes “that RT DE Productions GmbH, based in Berlin, is responsible for the program in terms of media law”. The license that TV Novosti received in Serbia, according to RT DE, "according to MABB's current assessment, does not represent a sufficient basis for the distribution of the program of RT DE Productions GmbH in Germany".

Since this is a nationwide issue, the community of media authorities ( Commission for Licensing and Supervision - ZAK) will examine it and probably make a decision at the beginning of February. Meanwhile, RT DE continues to broadcast on the Eutelsat 16A satellite.

The linear program from RT DE can be received in streaming via various apps for smartphones and smart TVs, as well as via some streaming platforms.

The distribution of the linear program from December 16, 2021 via two YouTube channels (RT DE and The Missing Part) was stopped by YouTube a few hours after the start of the broadcast due to a violation of the terms of use.

About German regional stations

In Thuringia, the local broadcaster Salve TV has been broadcasting RT Deutsch programs every day since 2015 and has been criticized for this by politicians from several parties in the Thuringian state parliament . Werner Pidde (SPD) described the programs as "one-sided" and "from a Russian point of view", Gerold Wucherpfennig (CDU) criticized that a "local broadcaster broadcasts state Russian propaganda abroad", and Madeleine Henfling (Greens) spoke of "uncommented broadcasting without journalistic debate “. Kirsten Kramer, deputy director of the Thuringian State Media Authority, said that Salve TV's programs are closely monitored, but that there is no supervisory procedure or ban. Salve boss Klaus-Dieter Böhm defended the takeover of the RT broadcasts, saying the broadcast should be “a counterpoint to the anti-Putin reporting in German media”.

criticism

Dmitry Medvedev as a guest on RT with editor-in-chief Margarita Simonyan

RT is seen as a key tool in the fight for public opinion abroad, which was initially to be done with a soft-power strategy, i.e. positive reporting intended to make Russia more attractive. Hardly anyone seemed interested in this kind of news. According to Sarah Pagung, the station changed its strategy in 2014 and reported more global news from the Kremlin's point of view without a particular focus on reporting on Russia, but still as a Kremlin propaganda tool.

In the office of long-time editor-in-chief Margarita Simonyan there is a special yellow telephone that is used exclusively for encrypted communication directly with the Kremlin. Simonyan once described the station's orientation with the words: "We defend our country, like the army."

RT is rated by scientists as the mouthpiece of the Kremlin. Peter Pomerantsev sees the phrase “there is no objective journalism” uttered to him by a senior editor as a euphemism for the Kremlin being in total control of the truth at RT.

Pascal Bonnamour, the head of Reporters Without Borders ' European division , described the channel in 2005 shortly after its creation as another move by the state to control information.

For Martin Emmer , Director of the Journalism Institute at Freie Universität Berlin, RT, in contrast to public international broadcasters such as Deutsche Welle , is "clearly a communication channel of the Russian government" and "functions according to the rules of political PR.", whose basic pattern "is not lying , but the extreme selection of the news”. The Moscow RT headquarters does not even hide the fact that the broadcaster is agitating in the interests of Russia: Editor-in-chief Margarita Simonyan openly admitted that RT does not want to influence the mood in the West in the short term, but rather wants to create an alternative public. The budget for RT in 2014 was already around 220 million euros. An increase of one third was planned for the following year.

In 2014, then-US Secretary of State John Kerry said of the channel: "Russia Today was set up to promote President Putin's policies [...]" Vladimir Putin said in an interview that since RT is government-funded, the channel can of course, only reflect the official Russian position. However, the broadcaster never intended to justify Russia's political line, either at home or abroad.

French President Emmanuel Macron labeled RT a propaganda channel in 2017.

The media editor of the NZZ described in 2018 how RT, as a representative of an authoritarian regime, disregarded professional rules and still referred to "formal equality". Despite these clear differences in content and structure, democracies would have to “endure” such state media in order to maintain their own media freedom.

An advertising clip published on the Russian embassy's Twitter channel for the future RT DE television channel was analyzed for the SWR documentary "The Secret Opinion Leaders - How We Are Being Manipulated During the Election Campaign" . When putting together text excerpts from several very fast sequences of cuts, the following overall text resulted: "Russia Today in Germany - The new arms race - The voice of the Kremlin in Germany - Using the Corona crisis to destabilize the EU".

anti-americanism

Some German and American journalists openly labeled RT as anti-American and anti-Western. RT is considered one of several international programs that may "challenge US global media coverage".

In 2010, Walter Isaacson , chairman of the government's Broadcasting Board of Governors (which directs the Voice of America , Radio Free Europe and Radio Free Asia ), called for more investment because "we cannot afford to be outcommunicated by our enemies." He made particular reference to Russia Today, Iran's Press TV and China's China Central Television (CCTV). He later corrected himself and said he meant the opponents in Afghanistan, not the countries mentioned. In 2011, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton stated that the US was losing the "information war" in favor of foreign programs such as RT, Al Jazeera and China Central Television replacing the voice of America (supplant).

RT frequent guest Stephen F. Cohen , referring to the 2012 coverage of Syria, stressed that "American media" is "no better than RT", RT is like the downside of CNN , both are like the " clap with one hand".

misrepresentations and one-sidedness

RT's portrayal has also been criticized for forcing it to speak to marginal, obnoxious, and often irrelevant figures whose positions bordered on the absurd in its efforts to present alternative viewpoints. In this regard, Sarah Pagung from the German Society for Foreign Relations criticizes in an interview with russia.news that the articles do not make it clear that these are representatives of marginal positions with little support and that these people are not at RT Deutsch either have to reckon with critical queries. According to the Russian journalist Julia Dudnik, positions are also presented in German that would go against the government line in Russia, such as opponents of vaccination .

On the occasion of the rescue of local forces after the Taliban advance in Afghanistan in 2021 , RT circulated a fake photo on its Twitter profile, which was intended to suggest that terrorists had been flown out of Afghanistan.

Criticism from former RT journalists

Liz Wahl, former presenter

In March 2014, RT America presenter Abby Martin , who had been employed since 2012, criticized Russia's policy in connection with the war in Ukraine in front of the camera. She condemned the occupation of Crimea by Russian troops. "I will not sit here condoning or defending military aggression," Martin said. Martin continued working for RT until February 2015, before moving to investigative journalism at Telesur . Upon her departure, she said she was "eternally grateful" to RT for the opportunities given. She never expected the kind of support for her show Breaking the Set, which proves how many people are hungry for raw truth and system change.

A day after Martin's criticism, presenter Liz Wahl , who has been working for RT since 2011, attracted attention in the international media because she quit her job at RT America in front of the camera. She justified this step in subsequent interviews with the, in her opinion, too one-sided reporting of the station in the course of the Ukraine war. She said the broadcaster whitewashed Putin's actions, but in a later interview she said RT was spreading pure propaganda . The broadcaster accused her of having made her criticism during a show instead of a conversation in order to market herself in this way.

In July 2014, Sara Firth, the London and Moscow correspondent who had been employed since 2009, also resigned from the British RT subsidiary in protest at the station's coverage of the Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 crash . She called RT's reports of the crash and the blaming of Ukraine as "completely misguided". "I could not anymore. Every day we lie and we come up with more and more seductive ways to do it," Firth said. RT justified Firth's resignation by saying that she had a different understanding of the truth than the network, as she did not rely on local reporting but on newspaper reports.

In April 2015, long-time RT reporter Lea Frings criticized the work of RT Deutsch for the first time. In February 2016, Frings, who comes from the vigil movement, gave an interview to the media magazine Zapp in which she spoke about manipulation and one-sided reporting on RT. The broadcaster chose a specific audience. RT Deutsch serves "rather right-wing circles" and "confirms and reproduces conspiracy theorists". When asked whether journalistic work was being done there, she said: "I see contributions where various journalistic criteria are not met." This applies to the uncommented speeches of the studio guests. In many contributions "simply the world view of the conspiracy theory is transported".

Propaganda for the Russian government

In a 2015 Russian Analytical Digest investigation into “ information warfare ”, a team of researchers from George Washington University identified the propaganda techniques RT uses on YouTube channels in different language versions to achieve its goals:

Focused messaging : Each country's audience is addressed in a differentiated and flexible manner with a certain mix of political and non-political topics on aspects of their country in order to gain credibility and trust . For example, in the US RT tends to offer a platform for alternative left-liberal opinions, while in Europe it tends to offer a platform for right-wing opinions.
The programs follow the themes of the usual news program , but make the Russian perspective clear in the form of an "alternative second opinion".
Topics of general interest, some shocking in nature, and technology topics with no regional connection are presented to catch viewers' attention and direct them later to the political issues. (see also human interest issues and clickbaiting )
In terms of content, RT picks up on the criteria that western countries use when criticizing Russia: democracy, freedom, transparency, justice and efficiency. This is intended to raise doubts about the western “narrative” as to how far the standards themselves are met (see also tu quoque and argumentum ad hominem ).
One of RT's propagandistic tactics , which has been criticized as typical, is avoiding a contentious point through counter-accusations and comparisons and the assertion of double standards (cf. whataboutism ): doubting the 2011 Russian parliamentary election, RT countered with references to the disputed 2000 United States presidential election ; RT also reported extensively on American police operations in connection with Occupy Wall Street actions and contrasted them with a large demonstration sanctioned by the Kremlin, which should represent a favorable comparison for Russia, according to Russia scholar Stephen Cohen .

The New York Times , among others, cited disinformation as another method used to undermine the official news with a flood of alternative interpretations and promote a kind of "political paralysis ", such as the downing of the Malaysia plane over Ukraine .
While The New York Times sees fake news as another effective means of RT propaganda , Spiegel Online writes that the German-speaking RT broadcaster (RT DE) does not spread completely invented fake news and adds: "The reporters distort facts, neglect facts and sow distrust in authorities, politicians and traditional media. They also deliberately distance themselves from obvious conspiracy tales, as internal documents show.”
Peter Pomerantsev pointed out that a key to RT's success is that it has inherited most of the physical characteristics of the other programs, making it look like any other 24/7 news channel in terms of music, pictures and speakers . RT also brings real reports that could also be on another channel, which sometimes makes it seem like other news channels, added Johan O'Sullivan Pomerantsev's account.
In 2019, the chairman of the German Association of Journalists (DJV) Frank Überall counted RT among the “Kremlin’s propaganda tools.”
RT editors are under orders from the channel not to refer to the annexation of Crimea as such, but to use the phrase "reintegration."
As of February 2021, the broadcaster spoke of “presumed poisoning” in the poisoning attack on Alexei Navalny . In the course of reporting on the poisoning, the broadcaster asked counter-questions. In this regard, one RT editor said the West had questions to answer, e.g. B.: “Who had access to the patient after he landed in Berlin? ’ and ‘In whose hands were his samples?’ Furthermore, an RT editor left room for conspiracy ideas by pointing out that Navalny was not the first ‘contract patient with geopolitical implications’ in the Berlin Charite .

Malaysia Airlines Flight 17

RT has been suspected of providing a platform for conspiracy theorists of all kinds since 2010 at the latest. After the downing of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 by a Russian-made surface-to-air missile , the Spanish affiliate of Russia Today spread false reports that the plane had been shot down by Ukrainian fighter jets. Russia Today relied on testimonies from a man whom the channel introduced in interviews as a Spanish air traffic controller named “Carlos” working at Kiev Airport . "Carlos"'s claims were met with skepticism by Russian opposition figures and some by the pro-Kremlin media, and research by international media confirmed that there were no Spanish air traffic controllers working at Kiev Airport at the time of the shooting down. Nonetheless, President Putin, high-ranking officials in the Defense Ministry and the official gazette of the Russian government took up the man's allegations. It later turned out that the person behind “Carlos” is a convicted fraudster who is wanted by a European arrest warrant in Spain and later caught in Romania, who is not an air traffic controller and has never worked at a Ukrainian airport. The man later claimed he was paid a total of €48,000 from Russia Today and other Russian sources for his role as "Carlos the Spanish air traffic controller."

QuestionMore

In 2010, RT developed a highly controversial advertising campaign in connection with its new slogan "question more". One of the large-scale ads featured Barack Obama , whose image merged with that of Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad , and asked the question, "Who poses the greater risk of nuclear war?" The ad was banned from US airports. Another image showed a soldier merging with a Taliban fighter. The question asked is, "Is terror only perpetrated by terrorists?" One of the 2010 ads won the "Ad of the Month" award.

Julian Assange

RT offered Julian Assange a media platform in 2012. He started his 12-episode talk show series The World Tomorrow . In the program, over which he has “full control”, Assange wanted to make himself “the mouthpiece of rebels and the disenfranchised” who are neglected in the media. According to Ole Reißmann ( Spiegel Online ), the absurdity of the first show with Hassan Nasrallah could hardly be surpassed and thus fitted seamlessly into the overall RT program. The interview made headlines around the world as Nasrallah rarely gives interviews to western media. Commentators described the station's choice of topics as a "coup" or "scoop". In the USA, the show was awarded the silver medal at the New York - Festival World's Best TV & Films in 2013. The Independent called RT a platform suitable for Assange for sharp criticism of American politics. RT has interviewed Assange on several occasions and defended him against the allegations from Sweden, which RT believes are politically motivated.

Caucasus War 2008

During the 2008 Caucasus War , the station accused the state of Georgia of genocide. Julia Ioffe of the Columbia Journalism Review described RT as a tool used by the Russian government to combat alleged biases against Russia in Western media, which has become an extension of Putin's confrontational foreign policy.

Ukraine and Syria

Britain 's media regulator Ofcom reprimanded RT UK in September 2015 for biased and essentially misleading coverage of the Ukraine war and the Syrian civil war . In one offending broadcast, the channel claimed that a genocide sponsored by the Ukrainian government was taking place in eastern Ukraine . In another report, RT UK claimed the BBC staged a chemical weapons attack by the Assad government in Syria. The authority had already criticized the broadcaster in 2014 for a lack of objectivity. After a total of 15 television rule violations up to April 2018, Ofcom launched seven investigations into Russia Today UK for violations of neutrality rules. The agency has seen a significant increase in biased programs on RT UK since the poisoning of Sergei Skripal . The subject of the investigation are also supposed reader comments that do not come from readers.

In June 2018, the French branch of Russia Today was warned by the French media regulator CSA over the channel's coverage of the Syrian war. Russia Today, in an article entitled "Feigned Attacks," claimed that the Ghouta poison gas attacks may not have happened and were only spoofed by the Assad opposition. The broadcaster covered the statements of eyewitnesses with words that were not uttered by the people. The CSA accused Russia Today of bias and a lack of honesty and diligence.

George Galloway

RT's coverage of British intelligence agency GCHQ allegedly manipulating Labor dissident George Galloway 's English-language Wikipedia article to his detriment placed Haaretz in the context of Facebook and YouTube using Wikipedia to contextualize topics vulnerable to fake news link to content. Russian media therefore have an obvious interest in undermining the credibility of the online encyclopedia. According to Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales , there is no evidence of the alleged manipulation. Rather, according to Haaretz , the changes to his article that Galloway objected to were part of the usual and self-balancing writing processes of the encyclopedia.

US Presidential Election 2016

In the appendix, the released version of the CIA report analyzes in detail the development of RT and also the possible influence of RT America on the US presidential elections in 2016. The report states that RT America had expanded its usual critical portrayal of the US in the run-up to the election, portraying the electoral system as undemocratic and campaign influence as the "ultimate facet" of its anti-American messages, which undermine viewers' trust in the democratic processes and in US criticism of the Russian political system. RT is also aggressively expanding into social media with the highest priority to increase audiences and circumvent possible television programming regulations. The report rated RT's reach and viewership very highly, based on a survey of the UK and testimonies from RT itself ( Margarita Simonyan ). The report ranks RT/RT America top in a social media footprint table for viewership and subscribers to YouTube shows, compared to CNN/CNN international, Al Jazeera and BBC World.

TV reports

" RT DE": Russian propaganda or a different worldview? , ZAPP – NDR television on October 20, 2021

web links

Commons : Russia Today - Collection of images, videos and audio files

itemizations

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Ann-Katrin Müller, Roman Höfner, Maik Baumgärtner: RT Deutsch: This is how Putin's propaganda station works. In: DER SPIEGEL 9/2021. February 26, 2021, retrieved February 27, 2021 .
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^{^ a} ^b Marc Stegherr, Kerstin Liesem: The media in Eastern Europe: media systems in the process of transformation. VS Verlag for Social Sciences, Wiesbaden 2010, ISBN 978-3-531-92487-8 , p. 331f. in Google book search
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↑ In case you weren't clear on Russia Today's relationship to Moscow, Putin clears it up. WorldViews In case you weren't clear on Russia Today's relationship to Moscow, Putin clears it up By Max Fisher June 13, 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2019 (English): ""When we designed this project back in 2005 we intended introducing another strong player on the world's scene, a player that wouldn't just provide an unbiased coverage of the events in Russia but also … try to break the Anglo-Saxon monopoly on the global information streams. And it seems to me that you're succeeding in this job." (Washington Post)" . The Putin interview is here: rt.com
↑ Russia: New State Channel Goes Global In English. Retrieved April 22, 2019 (English): "Russia Today is the brainchild of former Information Minister Mikhail Lesin and Putin's press spokesman, Aleksei Gromov. They say they've grown tired of watching foreign journalists present a distorted and biased portrayal of Russia to the outside world. Russia Today will attempt to set the record straight”
↑ Robert Parsons: Russia: New State Channel Goes Global In English. Radio Free Europe, September 16, 2005. Lesin has said Russia needs to start polishing its image. Otherwise, he said, "we'll always look like bears."
↑ Radio: Propaganda with Stalin . In: The Mirror . No. 47 , 2007 ( online ). "I haven't shied away from the word propaganda for a long time," he said. “We have to promote Russia internationally. Otherwise we look like bears roaming around roaring.”
↑ Другое телевидение. Comnews.ru, September 19, 2012. (Interview with the director of the organization “TV-Novosti” Alexei Nikolov)
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↑ Marcel H. Van Herpen: Putin's Propaganda Machine: Soft Power and Russian Foreign Policy. Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham 2015, ISBN 978-1-4422-5362-9 , p. 71 in Google book search.
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^ ^a ^b David Weigel: Pravda Will Set You Free; Russia's answer to Fox News and MSNBC . In: Slate , June 27, 2011.
↑ Charles King, Clarity in the Caucasus? In: Foreign Affairs , October 11, 2009.
↑ ^a ^b Marcel H. Van Herpen: Putin's Propaganda Machine: Soft Power and Russian Foreign Policy . Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2015, ISBN 978-1-4422-5362-9 , p. 72.
↑ The Russian “Firehose of Falsehood” Propaganda Model (PDF; 177 kB) Rand Corporation, 2016
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↑ freevideo.rt.com (media library); Switched to RT Ruptly in 2012, no more free offers from 2013 and now no longer available
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↑ Production Company Registers Under the Foreign Agent Registration Act as Agent for the Russian Government Entity Responsible for Broadcasting RT
↑ see also rferl.org of January 10, 2018: Sputnik Partner 'Required To Register' Under US Foreign-Agent Law
↑ RT editor says company will register as foreign agent in US , Washington Post, November 9, 2017
^ "USA take action against Russian TV stations - Moscow plans countermeasures" . Mirror Online , November 10, 2017
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↑ RTdeutsch - alternative source of information?
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↑ dradiowissen.de
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↑ AfD-Russlandliebe with Franziska Schreiber , Russia.news from September 2, 2018.
↑ ^a ^b Russia Today English: The voice of the Kremlin in Germany. In: Tagesspiegel , March 6, 2016.
↑ This is the propaganda of RT Deutsch ( Memento of June 20, 2018 in the Internet Archive )
↑ correctiv.org
↑ Elizabeth Nelson, Robert Ortung, Anthony Livshen: Measuring RT's Impact on YouTube. (PDF; 329 kB) In: Russian Analytical Digest. No. 177, December 2015.
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↑ also in: Analysis of Russia , No. 317, June 3, 2016
↑ Susanne Spahn: The image of Ukraine in Germany: The role of the Russian media How Russia influences public opinion in Germany . In: Analysis of Russia , No. 317, June 3, 2016, p. 2; laender-analysen.de (PDF; 1.0 MB)
↑ Federal Press Office observes RT Deutsch | STERN.de. Retrieved September 29, 2016 .
↑ Katie Zavadski: Failing Mission: Putin's Propaganda TV Lies About Its Popularity. In: The Daily Beast , September 17, 2015.
↑ Christoph Sterz: Russian state broadcaster RT DE/Illegal on the air? In: deutschlandfunk.de. 20 December 2021, retrieved 16 January 2022 .
↑ German media regulators say RT lacks broadcast license ( en ) In: Deutsche Welle . December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
↑ German Regulator Says Russian State Media Broadcasting Without A License ( en ) In: Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty . December 18, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
↑ Miranda Murray, Alexander Marrow: Germany takes Russia's RT Deutsch off air within days of launch (en) . In: Reuters , December 22, 2021.
↑ Телеканал RT сообщил, что RT DE сняли с вещания в Европе ( ru ) In: The Insider . December 22, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
↑ https://www.ndr.de/fernsehen/sendungen/zapp/RT-DE-startet-fernsehsender-media institute-leads-process-in,rtde106.html
↑ https://www.sueddeutsche.de/medien/rt-russia-today-fernsehen-kreml-drohungen-1.5501296
↑ https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/rt-deutsch-rundfunklicenses-aufsichtsbehoerden-101.html
↑ https://www.heise.de/tp/features/RT-DE-startet-Fernsehprogramm-und-provoziert-heftige-Kritik-6298495.html
↑ Viola Schenz: criticism of Salve TV: private propaganda. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , June 1, 2015.
↑ "Russia is not our enemy": Thuringia's local broadcaster shows RT Deutsch . n-tv, June 1, 2015.
↑ "Russia Today": How Putin's propaganda station works , kurier.at, December 4, 2017; “In fact, Russia Today seems to have tried that in the early years. Much of the news revolved around events in Russia or involving Russia, offering an official perspective on these matters. Hardly anyone was interested in it.”
↑ Time : "The global news network RT is the Russian government's main weapon in an intensifying information war with the West—and its top editor has a direct phone line to the Kremlin" , March 5, 2015, loaded March 15, 2021
↑
Cf. e.g. B.
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- Gary D Rawnsley To Know Us is to Love Us: Public Diplomacy and International Broadcasting in Contemporary Russia and China. In: Politics. 35, No. 3–4, November 2015, pp. 273–286. doi:10.1111/1467-9256.12104 .
- Peter Pomerantsev: The Kremlin's Information War. In: Journal of Democracy. 26, No. 4, October 2015, pp. 40-50. doi:10.1353/jod.2015.0074 .
- Lilia Shevtsova: Forward to the Past in Russia. In: Journal of Democracy. 26, No. 2, April 2015, pp. 22-26. doi:10.1353/jod.2015.0028 .
- Nils S. Borchers: "Do You Really Think Russia Should Pay Up for That?" How the Russia-Based TV Channel RT Constructs Russian-Baltic Relations. In: Javnost - The Public: Journal of the European Institute for Communication and Culture. 18, No. 4, 2011, pp. 89-106. doi:10.1080/13183222.2011.11009069 .
↑ ^a ^b Peter Pomerantsev: Nothing is True and Everything is Possible: Adventures in Putin's Russia. Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt 2015 , ISBN 978-3-421-04699-4 , page 67
↑ Nikita Prokunin, Andrey Kozenko: Reporters Without Borders Don't Fancy Russia Today. In: Commentary , October 21, 2005.
^ " Secretary Kerry on Ukraine " (Press release). CSPAN. 24 April 2014. (Original quote: "Russia Today network has deployed to promote president Putin's [end of translation] fantasy about what is playing out on the ground. They almost spend full-time devoted to this effort, to propagandize, and to distort what is happening or not happening in Ukraine.”)
↑ In case you weren't clear on Russia Today's relationship to Moscow, Putin clears it up. Retrieved April 23, 2019 .
↑ Andreas Ross: Macron's Moscow turnaround . In: FAZ , August 24, 2019, p. 8
↑ State media must be endured . In: NZZ , March 17, 2018
↑ The story in the first: The secret opinion makers ARD, retrieved on October 15, 2021
↑ www.newrepublic.com
↑ aljazeera.com
↑ The War of Images. In: tagesspiegel.de. Retrieved December 15, 2014 (undated).
↑ Lawrence Pintak: America's media bubble ( Memento of 10 June 2014 at the Internet Archive ) In: Boston Globe , 19 November 2006. ( Highbeam )
↑ Josh Rogin, New BBG chief wants more money to combat "enemies" such as China and Russia . In: Foreign Policy , October 5, 2010.
↑ Kirit Radia: Sec. of State Hillary Clinton: Al Jazeera is 'Real News', US Losing 'Information War'. In: abcnews.go.com. Political Punch, March 2, 2011, archived from the original on October 1, 2011 ; retrieved April 23, 2019 .
↑ Andy McSmith: Village People ( Memento of March 25, 2013 at the Internet Archive ) In: The Independent , March 5, 2011, via Questia.com.
↑ Ishaan Tharoor: Clinton Applauds Al Jazeera, Rolls Eyes at US Media . In: Time , March 3, 2011.
↑ ^a ^b " ...in striving to bring the West to an alternate point of view, [RT] is forced to talk to marginal, offensive, and often irrelevant figures who can take positions bordering on the absurd. […] 'I'm highly suspicious about the narrative I'm getting on CNN,' he says. 'It seems to be the flip side of RT. It's too black and white, too virtuous and simple. Each side sounds like one hand clapping.' RT might have a hard Kremlin slant, but Cohen argues that 'any intelligent viewer can sort this out. I doubt that many idiots find their way to RT. First, you have to pay a lot for cable, and then you have to get way up in the numbers to find it.' ” Jesse Zwick: Pravda Lite – The New Republic , March 14, 2012
↑ What Is Russia Today? Retrieved April 20, 2019 (English).
↑ Martina Luxen: Photo of a hopping evacuated girl on Melsbroek is shared (and manipulated) worldwide , vrt.be of 27 August 2021, retrieved 27 August 2021.
^ Tweet of August 25, 2021 .
↑ Alexander Becker: Russia Today presenter Martin criticizes Russia. Meedia, March 4, 2014
↑ Ann Kathrin Hermes: Russia Today presenter Abby Martin: "What Russia has done is wrong!" ( Memento of 7 March 2014 at the Internet Archive ). In: Wirtschaftsblatt , March 4, 2014. Criticism of the Crimean invasion: Putin's recalcitrant moderator . Mirror Online , March 4, 2014
↑ abby: Never Stop Breaking the Set. In: MEDIA ROOTS – Reporting From Outside Party Lines. Retrieved April 23, 2019 (American English): ""RT has given me opportunities I will be eternally thankful for and hosting Breaking the Set has been the best and most invaluable experience of my life. I never imagined the kind of support it would generate, proving how many people are hungry for raw truth and systemic change."“
↑ TV presenter resigns on air because of Crimean crisis . Time Online , March 6, 2014.
↑ Jim Waterson: Russia Today Correspondent Resigns Over Coverage Of Ukrainian Plane. In: BuzzFeed , 18 July 2014. Peter Seiffert: Putin's Propaganda Channel: The Bizarre Truths of Russia Today. In: Focus , 23 July 2014.
↑ Crash John Plunkett: Russia Today reporter resigns in protest at MH17 coverage. In: The Guardian , 18 July 2014.
↑ "Tell me, is RT propaganda?" "Unfortunately yes." , vice.com , November 16, 2015
↑ "You don't show the whole picture" . Zap , February 17, 2016.
↑ Elizabeth Nelson, Robert Ortung, Anthony Livshen, Yelizaveta Layer, Oksana Ryjouk: Information Warfare. (PDF) In: Russian Analytical Digest (RAD). Center for Security Studies (CSS), ETH Zurich; Research Center for East European Studies, University of Bremen; Institute for European, Russian and Eurasian Studies, George Washington University, December 8, 2015, accessed December 16, 2020 (English).
↑ Pravda Lite. In: New Republic. 14 March 2012, retrieved 8 January 2017 .
↑ Patrick Hilsman: Have you been watching Russian government propaganda? In: The Seattle Globalist. May 6, 2015, accessed January 8, 2017 : "RT presents itself as a liberal alternative in the United States, but in Europe it is the flagship of resurgent nationalist parties. Liberal in English is more like left-liberal or social-liberal in German http://www.nzz.ch/wirtschaft/liberal--was-soll-das-heissen-1.18705344"
↑ Kremlin TV Loves Anti-War Protests—Unless Russia Is the One Waging War . In: The New Republic, March 2, 2014; "It has even created an institution that is dedicated solely to the task of whataboutism. It's called Russia Today."
↑ Neil Macfarquhar, A Powerful Russian Weapon: The Spread of False Stories . In: The New York Times . 28 August 2016 ( nytimes.com [accessed 27 December 2016]).
↑ Neil Macfarquhar, A Powerful Russian Weapon: The Spread of False Stories . In: The New York Times . 28 August 2016 ( nytimes.com [accessed 31 December 2016]).
↑ Peter Pomerantsev: Nothing is True and Everything is Possible: Adventures in Modern Russia . Faber & Faber, 2015, ISBN 978-0-571-30803-3 ( here in Google Book Search [accessed December 28, 2016]): "Russia Today began to look and sound like any 24/7 news channel: the thumping music before the news flash, the earnest pretty newscasters, the jock-like sports broadcasters. (no page reference in the linked Google Books preview of the text)"
↑ Russia Today is Putin's weapon of mass deception. Will it work in Britain? In: The Spectator . 6 December 2014 ( spectator.co.uk [accessed 28 December 2016]): "RT does cover genuine reports about legitimate stories, seriously and without obvious bias, which makes it seem at times like any other news network. Not everything is a façade of lies. But RT is about a great deal more than that — and less.”
↑ We don't give in to propaganda , in: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , April 18, 2019, p. 15.
↑ Julia Ioffe: What Is Russia Today? The Kremlin's propaganda outlet has an identity crisis – Columbia Journalism Review, September 28, 2010 "… RT dedicated a twelve-minute interview to Hank Albarelli, a self-described American “historian” who claims that the CIA is testing dangerous drugs on unwitting civilians. … On a recent episode of Peter Lavelle's CrossTalk, the guests themselves advised Lavelle for saying that the 9/11 terrorists were not fundamentalists. (The “Truther” claim that 9/11 was an inside job makes a frequent appearance on the channel, although Putin was the first to phone in his condolences to President Bush in 2001.) "I like being counterintuitive," Lavelle told me. "Being mainstream has been very dangerous for the West." This oppositional point of view was especially clear when RT rolled out a series of ads in the UK that featured images of Obama and Iran's Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and asked, 'Who poses the greater nuclear threat?' or conflated pictures of a polar bear and an alien next to the text: 'Climate Change: Science fact or science fiction?' "
↑ Catch Carlos If You Can . Radio Free Europe, March 14, 2018.
↑ "Авиадиспетчера из Киева" найти не удалось (English: search for the "air traffic controller from Kiev" remains unsuccessful). BBC, July 18, 2014.
↑ Ian Burrell: From Russia with news . In: The Independent , 15 January 2010.
↑ RT's Advertising Declared Ad of the Month in UK , RT.com website, 5 March 2010.
↑ Russia Today airs TV project by WikiLeaks founder Assange - 2012
↑ ^a ^b Ole Reißmann: Talk show on Russian TV: Julian Assange fails because of Hezbollah boss. In: Mirror Online . 17 April 2012, retrieved 23 April 2019 .
↑ Jerome Taylor: Hello, Good Evening and Welcome to My Country House Prison: Assange Makes His Talk Show Debut . ( Memento of March 25, 2013 at the Internet Archive ) In: The Independent , April 18, 2012.
↑ Raphael Satter: Assange interviews Hezbollah leader in TV premiere . Associated Press via Denver Post , April 17, 2012.
↑ Assange chats with terrorists. Agence France-Presse , 18 April 2012.
↑ Mark Adomanis: Julian Assange's Debut on Russia Today – The Serious People Say it Was Really Bad! ( April 21, 2012 memento at Internet Archive ) Forbes , April 18, 2012.
↑ New York Festivals - 2013 World's Best Television & Films Winners. Retrieved April 23, 2019 .
↑ "Working for a Kremlin channel does not seem like an obvious choice for Mr Assange, who has devoted his life to fighting governmental opacity, but Russia Today has made a name for itself as a strident critic of US policy." - Assange takes chat -show job with state-funded Russian TV . 2012
↑ Julia Ioffe: What is Russia Today? , September 1, 2010 for Columbia Journalism Review, mentioned in slate.com ; "Russia Today was conceived as a soft-power tool to improve Russia's image abroad, to counter the anti-Russian bias the Kremlin saw in the Western media. Since its founding in 2005, however, the broadcast outlet has become better known as an extension of former President Vladimir Putin's confrontational foreign policy. Too often the channel was provocative just for the sake of being provocative."
↑ Jasper Jackson: RT sanctioned by Ofcom over series of misleading and biased articles . In: The Guardian . 21 September 2015 ( theguardian.com [Accessed 27 December 2016]).
↑ Jasper Jackson: RT sanctioned by Ofcom over series of misleading and biased articles. In: The Guardian , 21 September 2015.
UK regulator Ofcom backs BBC in Russian TV case . BBC, September 21, 2015.
↑ John Plunkett: Russia Today threatened with Ofcom sanctions due to bias. In: The Guardian , 10 November 2014.
↑ Ofcom opens seven investigations into Russia Today . BBC, April 18, 2018.
↑ Update on the RT Service – New Broadcasting Investigations and Approach to Fit & Proper (PDF) Ofcom; accessed April 19, 2018.
↑ French regulator warns Russian TV on Syria misinformation . In: Reuters , June 28, 2018.
↑ France Warns RT Over Claims In Broadcast On Syrian Chemical Attack . ( Memento of 4 July 2018 at Internet Archive ) Radio Free Europe , 29 June 2018.
↑ Omer Benjakob: The Witch Hunt Against a 'pro-Israel' Wikipedia Editor . Haaretz , May 27, 2018
↑ David E. Sanger: Putin Ordered 'Influence Campaign' Aimed at US Election, Report Says . In: The New York Times . January 6, 2017 ( nytimes.com [accessed January 8, 2017]).

55.7716 37.7144Coordinates: 55° 46′ 17.8″ N , 37° 42′ 51.8″ E

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[89] Kaiser Report . In: RT International .

[90] America's Lawyer . In: RT International .

[91] Interview . In: RT International .

[92] Going Underground . In: RT International .

[93] News Thing . In: RT International .

[94] Redacted Tonight . In: RT International .

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[97] CrossTalk . In: RT International .

[98] Larry King Now . In: RT International .

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[100] Politics ticking . In: RT International .

[101] Fasbender's Week

[102] 451 degrees

[103] Once in Russia

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[105] Capital Account . In: RT International .

[106] Why you should care! . In: RT International .

[107] Breaking the Set . In: RT International .

[108] In Context . In: RT International .

[109] Spotlight . In: RT International .

[110] On the Money . In: RT International .

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[112] Moscow Out . In: RT International .

[113] Adam vs The Man . In: RT International .

[114] The Alyona Show . In: RT International .

[115] The Big Picture . In: RT International .

[116] News with Ed Schultz . In: RT International .

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[161] ttps://www.tagesschau.de/inland/rt-deutsch-rundfunklicenses-aufsichtsbehoerden-101.html

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[166] Time : "The global news network RT is the Russian government's main weapon in an intensifying information war with the West—and its top editor has a direct phone line to the Kremlin" , March 5, 2015, loaded March 15, 2021

[167] Cf. e.g. B.

Ilya Yablokov: Conspiracy Theories as a Russian Public Diplomacy Tool: The Case of Russia Today (RT). In: Politics. 35, No. 3-4, November 2015, pp. 301-315. doi:10.1111/1467-9256.12097 .

Gary D Rawnsley To Know Us is to Love Us: Public Diplomacy and International Broadcasting in Contemporary Russia and China. In: Politics. 35, No. 3–4, November 2015, pp. 273–286. doi:10.1111/1467-9256.12104 .

Peter Pomerantsev: The Kremlin's Information War. In: Journal of Democracy. 26, No. 4, October 2015, pp. 40-50. doi:10.1353/jod.2015.0074 .

Lilia Shevtsova: Forward to the Past in Russia. In: Journal of Democracy. 26, No. 2, April 2015, pp. 22-26. doi:10.1353/jod.2015.0028 .

Nils S. Borchers: "Do You Really Think Russia Should Pay Up for That?" How the Russia-Based TV Channel RT Constructs Russian-Baltic Relations. In: Javnost - The Public: Journal of the European Institute for Communication and Culture. 18, No. 4, 2011, pp. 89-106. doi:10.1080/13183222.2011.11009069 .

[168] Ilya Yablokov: Conspiracy Theories as a Russian Public Diplomacy Tool: The Case of Russia Today (RT). In: Politics. 35, No. 3-4, November 2015, pp. 301-315. doi:10.1111/1467-9256.12097 .

[169] Gary D Rawnsley To Know Us is to Love Us: Public Diplomacy and International Broadcasting in Contemporary Russia and China. In: Politics. 35, No. 3–4, November 2015, pp. 273–286. doi:10.1111/1467-9256.12104 .

[170] Peter Pomerantsev: The Kremlin's Information War. In: Journal of Democracy. 26, No. 4, October 2015, pp. 40-50. doi:10.1353/jod.2015.0074 .

[171] Lilia Shevtsova: Forward to the Past in Russia. In: Journal of Democracy. 26, No. 2, April 2015, pp. 22-26. doi:10.1353/jod.2015.0028 .

[172] Nils S. Borchers: "Do You Really Think Russia Should Pay Up for That?" How the Russia-Based TV Channel RT Constructs Russian-Baltic Relations. In: Javnost - The Public: Journal of the European Institute for Communication and Culture. 18, No. 4, 2011, pp. 89-106. doi:10.1080/13183222.2011.11009069 .

[allesistwahr67-168] Peter Pomerantsev: Nothing is True and Everything is Possible: Adventures in Putin's Russia. Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt 2015 , ISBN 978-3-421-04699-4 , page 67

[169] Nikita Prokunin, Andrey Kozenko: Reporters Without Borders Don't Fancy Russia Today. In: Commentary , October 21, 2005.

[170] " Secretary Kerry on Ukraine " (Press release). CSPAN. 24 April 2014. (Original quote: "Russia Today network has deployed to promote president Putin's [end of translation] fantasy about what is playing out on the ground. They almost spend full-time devoted to this effort, to propagandize, and to distort what is happening or not happening in Ukraine.”)

[171] In case you weren't clear on Russia Today's relationship to Moscow, Putin clears it up. Retrieved April 23, 2019 .

[172] Andreas Ross: Macron's Moscow turnaround . In: FAZ , August 24, 2019, p. 8

[173] State media must be endured . In: NZZ , March 17, 2018

[174] The story in the first: The secret opinion makers ARD, retrieved on October 15, 2021

[175] www.newrepublic.com

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[179] Josh Rogin, New BBG chief wants more money to combat "enemies" such as China and Russia . In: Foreign Policy , October 5, 2010.

[180] Kirit Radia: Sec. of State Hillary Clinton: Al Jazeera is 'Real News', US Losing 'Information War'. In: abcnews.go.com. Political Punch, March 2, 2011, archived from the original on October 1, 2011 ; retrieved April 23, 2019 .

[181] Andy McSmith: Village People ( Memento of March 25, 2013 at the Internet Archive ) In: The Independent , March 5, 2011, via Questia.com.

[182] Ishaan Tharoor: Clinton Applauds Al Jazeera, Rolls Eyes at US Media . In: Time , March 3, 2011.

[Zwick-Zitat-183] " ...in striving to bring the West to an alternate point of view, [RT] is forced to talk to marginal, offensive, and often irrelevant figures who can take positions bordering on the absurd. […] 'I'm highly suspicious about the narrative I'm getting on CNN,' he says. 'It seems to be the flip side of RT. It's too black and white, too virtuous and simple. Each side sounds like one hand clapping.' RT might have a hard Kremlin slant, but Cohen argues that 'any intelligent viewer can sort this out. I doubt that many idiots find their way to RT. First, you have to pay a lot for cable, and then you have to get way up in the numbers to find it.' ” Jesse Zwick: Pravda Lite – The New Republic , March 14, 2012

[184] What Is Russia Today? Retrieved April 20, 2019 (English).

[185] Martina Luxen: Photo of a hopping evacuated girl on Melsbroek is shared (and manipulated) worldwide , vrt.be of 27 August 2021, retrieved 27 August 2021.

[186] Tweet of August 25, 2021 .

[187] Alexander Becker: Russia Today presenter Martin criticizes Russia. Meedia, March 4, 2014

[188] Ann Kathrin Hermes: Russia Today presenter Abby Martin: "What Russia has done is wrong!" ( Memento of 7 March 2014 at the Internet Archive ). In: Wirtschaftsblatt , March 4, 2014. Criticism of the Crimean invasion: Putin's recalcitrant moderator . Mirror Online , March 4, 2014

[189] y: Never Stop Breaking the Set. In: MEDIA ROOTS – Reporting From Outside Party Lines. Retrieved April 23, 2019 (American English): ""RT has given me opportunities I will be eternally thankful for and hosting Breaking the Set has been the best and most invaluable experience of my life. I never imagined the kind of support it would generate, proving how many people are hungry for raw truth and systemic change."“

[190] TV presenter resigns on air because of Crimean crisis . Time Online , March 6, 2014.

[191] Jim Waterson: Russia Today Correspondent Resigns Over Coverage Of Ukrainian Plane. In: BuzzFeed , 18 July 2014. Peter Seiffert: Putin's Propaganda Channel: The Bizarre Truths of Russia Today. In: Focus , 23 July 2014.

[192] Crash John Plunkett: Russia Today reporter resigns in protest at MH17 coverage. In: The Guardian , 18 July 2014.

[193] "Tell me, is RT propaganda?" "Unfortunately yes." , vice.com , November 16, 2015

[194] "You don't show the whole picture" . Zap , February 17, 2016.

[195] Elizabeth Nelson, Robert Ortung, Anthony Livshen, Yelizaveta Layer, Oksana Ryjouk: Information Warfare. (PDF) In: Russian Analytical Digest (RAD). Center for Security Studies (CSS), ETH Zurich; Research Center for East European Studies, University of Bremen; Institute for European, Russian and Eurasian Studies, George Washington University, December 8, 2015, accessed December 16, 2020 (English).

[196] Pravda Lite. In: New Republic. 14 March 2012, retrieved 8 January 2017 .

[197] Patrick Hilsman: Have you been watching Russian government propaganda? In: The Seattle Globalist. May 6, 2015, accessed January 8, 2017 : "RT presents itself as a liberal alternative in the United States, but in Europe it is the flagship of resurgent nationalist parties. Liberal in English is more like left-liberal or social-liberal in German http://www.nzz.ch/wirtschaft/liberal--was-soll-das-heissen-1.18705344"

[198] Kremlin TV Loves Anti-War Protests—Unless Russia Is the One Waging War . In: The New Republic, March 2, 2014; "It has even created an institution that is dedicated solely to the task of whataboutism. It's called Russia Today."

[199] Neil Macfarquhar, A Powerful Russian Weapon: The Spread of False Stories . In: The New York Times . 28 August 2016 ( nytimes.com [accessed 27 December 2016]).

[200] Neil Macfarquhar, A Powerful Russian Weapon: The Spread of False Stories . In: The New York Times . 28 August 2016 ( nytimes.com [accessed 31 December 2016]).

[201] Peter Pomerantsev: Nothing is True and Everything is Possible: Adventures in Modern Russia . Faber & Faber, 2015, ISBN 978-0-571-30803-3 ( here in Google Book Search [accessed December 28, 2016]): "Russia Today began to look and sound like any 24/7 news channel: the thumping music before the news flash, the earnest pretty newscasters, the jock-like sports broadcasters. (no page reference in the linked Google Books preview of the text)"

[202] Russia Today is Putin's weapon of mass deception. Will it work in Britain? In: The Spectator . 6 December 2014 ( spectator.co.uk [accessed 28 December 2016]): "RT does cover genuine reports about legitimate stories, seriously and without obvious bias, which makes it seem at times like any other news network. Not everything is a façade of lies. But RT is about a great deal more than that — and less.”

[203] We don't give in to propaganda , in: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , April 18, 2019, p. 15.

[204] Julia Ioffe: What Is Russia Today? The Kremlin's propaganda outlet has an identity crisis – Columbia Journalism Review, September 28, 2010 "… RT dedicated a twelve-minute interview to Hank Albarelli, a self-described American “historian” who claims that the CIA is testing dangerous drugs on unwitting civilians. … On a recent episode of Peter Lavelle's CrossTalk, the guests themselves advised Lavelle for saying that the 9/11 terrorists were not fundamentalists. (The “Truther” claim that 9/11 was an inside job makes a frequent appearance on the channel, although Putin was the first to phone in his condolences to President Bush in 2001.) "I like being counterintuitive," Lavelle told me. "Being mainstream has been very dangerous for the West." This oppositional point of view was especially clear when RT rolled out a series of ads in the UK that featured images of Obama and Iran's Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and asked, 'Who poses the greater nuclear threat?' or conflated pictures of a polar bear and an alien next to the text: 'Climate Change: Science fact or science fiction?' "

[205] Catch Carlos If You Can . Radio Free Europe, March 14, 2018.

[206] "Авиадиспетчера из Киева" найти не удалось (English: search for the "air traffic controller from Kiev" remains unsuccessful). BBC, July 18, 2014.

[Burrell-207] Ian Burrell: From Russia with news . In: The Independent , 15 January 2010.

[Advertising-208] RT's Advertising Declared Ad of the Month in UK , RT.com website, 5 March 2010.

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[212] Raphael Satter: Assange interviews Hezbollah leader in TV premiere . Associated Press via Denver Post , April 17, 2012.

[213] Assange chats with terrorists. Agence France-Presse , 18 April 2012.

[Adomanis-214] Mark Adomanis: Julian Assange's Debut on Russia Today – The Serious People Say it Was Really Bad! ( April 21, 2012 memento at Internet Archive ) Forbes , April 18, 2012.

[215] New York Festivals - 2013 World's Best Television & Films Winners. Retrieved April 23, 2019 .

[216] "Working for a Kremlin channel does not seem like an obvious choice for Mr Assange, who has devoted his life to fighting governmental opacity, but Russia Today has made a name for itself as a strident critic of US policy." - Assange takes chat -show job with state-funded Russian TV . 2012

[217] Julia Ioffe: What is Russia Today? , September 1, 2010 for Columbia Journalism Review, mentioned in slate.com ; "Russia Today was conceived as a soft-power tool to improve Russia's image abroad, to counter the anti-Russian bias the Kremlin saw in the Western media. Since its founding in 2005, however, the broadcast outlet has become better known as an extension of former President Vladimir Putin's confrontational foreign policy. Too often the channel was provocative just for the sake of being provocative."

[218] Jasper Jackson: RT sanctioned by Ofcom over series of misleading and biased articles . In: The Guardian . 21 September 2015 ( theguardian.com [Accessed 27 December 2016]).

[219] Jasper Jackson: RT sanctioned by Ofcom over series of misleading and biased articles. In: The Guardian , 21 September 2015.
UK regulator Ofcom backs BBC in Russian TV case . BBC, September 21, 2015.

[220] John Plunkett: Russia Today threatened with Ofcom sanctions due to bias. In: The Guardian , 10 November 2014.

[221] Ofcom opens seven investigations into Russia Today . BBC, April 18, 2018.

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[223] French regulator warns Russian TV on Syria misinformation . In: Reuters , June 28, 2018.

[224] France Warns RT Over Claims In Broadcast On Syrian Chemical Attack . ( Memento of 4 July 2018 at Internet Archive ) Radio Free Europe , 29 June 2018.

[225] Omer Benjakob: The Witch Hunt Against a 'pro-Israel' Wikipedia Editor . Haaretz , May 27, 2018

[226] David E. Sanger: Putin Ordered 'Influence Campaign' Aimed at US Election, Report Says . In: The New York Times . January 6, 2017 ( nytimes.com [accessed January 8, 2017]).


By country	RT America • RT Arabic • RT German • RT en Español • RT France • RT UK
projects	RT Documentary • Ruptly • Maffick

RT (formerly Russia Today )

TV station ( private law )
program type	Specialist program (information)
reception	Cable , Satellite , IPTV
image resolution	( entry missing )
broadcast start	September 15, 2005
owner	Rossiya Sevodnya
managing Director	Alexei Nikolov (General Director)
program director	Margarita Simonyan (Editor-in-Chief)
List of TV channels
site