Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan

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The Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) in Pakistan.

Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan ( Movement of the Pakistani Taliban ; Urdu تحریک طالبان پاکستان) or TTP for short is a Pakistani terrorist organization that is based in the federally administered tribal areas in northern Pakistan on the border with Afghanistan . The TTP shares a name and a Deobandic - Sunni orientation with the Afghan Taliban , but acts independently with its own leadership and sometimes with completely different goals.

The TTP is responsible for terrorist attacks against institutions of the Pakistani state, Shiites and Sufis across Pakistan. So far it has operated almost exclusively in Pakistan. It is one of the parties in the conflict in northwest Pakistan .

aims

The Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan are demanding (as of 2011) the withdrawal of the Pakistani army from Waziristan , which was occupied in 2009.

Difference: Afghan vs Pakistani Taliban

Many regional experts such as Gilles Dorronsoro of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace believe that the common name "Taliban" is misleading. Offensives by the Pakistani army against the Pakistani TTP were mistakenly interpreted as offensives against the Afghan Taliban, which was not the case.

While the TTP is embroiling the Pakistani state in fighting, the Afghan Taliban have always relied on Pakistan's support in the past and are still supported by Pakistan today.

The Afghan Taliban are not involved in the attacks or hostilities of the TTP against the Pakistani army.

A spokesman for the Afghan Taliban said in relation to the TTP:

"We don't want to join forces with them, we have rejected any association with Pakistani Taliban fighters ... We have sympathy for them as Muslims, but otherwise there is nothing between us."

history

Beginnings

The TTP was founded by Baitullah Mehsud at the end of 2007 as an umbrella organization for 13 Pakistani groups. The operations of the Pakistani military at the time and the US military's drone strikes in the FATA seem to have played a role in their development . In 2009 there was a power struggle within the group when Baitullah Mehsud was killed by a US drone on August 5th. Hakimullah Mehsud emerged from the fighting as the new leader.

Mehsud and his organization were blamed by the Pakistani government and the CIA for both attacks on Benazir Bhutto . In the first attack on October 19, 2007 in Karachi , over 200 people died; the second on December 27, 2007, killed Bhutto and 23 other people. The TTP denied any responsibility for the murder of Bhutto and blamed it on the military government under former Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf .

The TTP is suspected of being responsible for 81 suicide attacks in Waziristan from October 2009 to September 2010, in which 1,680 people were killed.

In 2009 Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan fighters stormed the headquarters of the Pakistani Army in Rawalpindi near Islamabad and took hostages. The attack left 22 dead. A week later, the army launched an offensive against the TTP in the federally administered tribal areas .

The TTP also confessed to the terrorist attacks in Lahore on May 28, 2010 . Two mosques belonging to the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community were attacked and 86 people were killed.

2011

On April 3, 2011, 41 people died in a suicide attack in a mausoleum of a Sufi saint near Dera Ghazi Khan . Indeed, the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan claimed responsibility.

In late May 2011, the TTP began a series of bombings and suicide attacks in which 160 people were killed and 350 injured. In an attack on the night of May 23, a group of 15 men armed with assault rifles and grenades attacked the Mehran naval aviation base near Karachi . It took 15 hours for the armed forces to regain control of the base. At least ten soldiers and three insurgents died. About $ 70 million worth of reconnaissance aircraft delivered from the United States were destroyed. TTP spokesman Ehsanullah Ehsan said this was revenge for the death of Osama bin Laden .

At the beginning of June 2011, around 300 TTP fighters attacked a border post to Afghanistan in Upper Dir . Between 24 and 50 soldiers and 6 civilians were killed in the 24-hour battle. Shortly thereafter, on June 8, around 100 TTP fighters attacked a Pakistani military post in Makeen . About 20 people were killed.

On September 19, there was a suicide attack on Karachi chief detective Chaudhry Aslam . Eight people died in the process, Aslam was unharmed. The TTP confessed to the attack.

In November 2011, the Pakistani government announced that peace talks had been going on for about six months. As a confidence-building measure, the TTP released five captured secret service employees. A senior Taliban commander spoke of a ceasefire on November 23. On the same day, however, another TTP spokesman confessed to an attack on a police station in Dera Ismail Khan in which two police officers and four other people were killed and there was no ceasefire. Yet another Taliban commander claimed on the same day that the ceasefire only applied in South Waziristan .

2012

On April 15, 2012, TTP fighters carried out what they say had been a long-planned attack on a prison in the city of Bannu in northwestern Pakistan, during which 384 prisoners escaped, including a key leader of the group. The attack lasted two hours, and the Taliban came. a. with pickups and motorbikes and were able to erect roadblocks.

At least 27 people died in an attack on a military base in South Waziristan on the night of August 28-29. According to Pakistani information, there were 18 insurgents and nine soldiers.

On October 9, 2012, Malala Yousafzai was attacked, in which she was shot in the head and survived seriously injured. Besides her, two other girls were slightly injured.

2013

In March 2013, the TTP announced that it was withdrawing its peace offer to the government (probably to see which government would take office after the elections).

Parliamentary elections were held in Pakistan on May 11th . The strongest party was the "Muslim League of Pakistan" with 32.8 percent. Nawaz Sharif was elected Prime Minister (from November 1990 to July 1993 and from February 1997 to October 1999). The TTP withdrew its peace offer after a drone attack killed Wali-ur-Rehman (the deputy of Hakimullah Mehsud ) on May 28, 2013 (for details and sources see Drone Strikes in Pakistan # Targets ). On November 1, 2013, both sides (US and TTP) announced that Mesud had been killed by a drone attack.

2014

In October 2014, the TTP leadership pledged support to the Islamic State (IS) terrorist organization .

On December 16, 2014, seven TTP fighters broke into an army-run school in Peshawar city and murdered 148 people, including more than 130 children. It was the terrorist attack with the highest death toll in Pakistan.

2016

On January 13, 2016, TTP fighters attacked the vaccination center in the city of Quetta , capital of Balochistan Province in southwestern Pakistan. The attack was part of a series of attacks by Islamists on polio vaccination centers. 13 police officers and two civilians were killed in the suicide attack. Another 25 people were injured by bomb fragments.

In the 2016 attack on Charsadda University, similar to the 2014 attack , 20 people died and 50 were injured. The four attackers were shot. The TTP spokesman from the Peshawar region said the attack was an act of revenge for the "comrades" killed by the Pakistani military in 2015. The Taliban had attacked a university "so that people wouldn't say again: We kill children" .

2018

On March 8, 2018, the US State Department offered a $ 5 million bounty for information about Fazlullah.

Groups associated with the TTP

See also

literature

  • Guido Steinberg, Christian Wagner and Nils Wörmer: Pakistan against the Taliban . Wave of arrests weakens the insurgents, but does not yet mean a strategic U-turn. Ed .: Science and Politics Foundation . March 2010, p. 8 ( swp-berlin.org [PDF; 171 kB ; accessed on May 25, 2011]).
  • Ahmed Rashid : Descent into Chaos. The United States and the Failure of Nation Building in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Central Asia. Penguin, 2008
  • Ahmed Rashid : On the edge . Pakistan, Afghanistan and the West. 1st edition. Edition Weltkiosk, New York, London 2012, ISBN 978-3-942377-06-5 (English: Pakistan on the Brink . Translated by Henning Hoff).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Daniel Cassman: Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan | Mapping Militant Organizations. In: web.stanford.edu. Retrieved April 20, 2016 .
  2. ^ A b c Scott Shane: Insurgents Share a Name, but Pursue Different Goals . In: The New York Times , October 22, 2009. Retrieved January 26, 2011. 
  3. ↑ a b c d Sascha Zastiral: Brutal attacks on Shiites. In: the daily newspaper . May 16, 2011, accessed May 16, 2011 .
  4. ↑ a b Jayshree Bajoria, Greg Bruno: Shared Goals for Pakistan's Militants . Council on Foreign Relations. May 6, 2010. Archived from the original on November 25, 2010. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 26, 2011. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cfr.org
  5. ↑ Pakistani Taliban allegedly declare a ceasefire. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . November 22, 2011. Retrieved November 22, 2011 .
  6. ^ Documents Detail Years of Pakistani Support for Taliban, Extremists . George Washington University . 2007. Retrieved July 30, 2011.
  7. ^ Crisis of Impunity . In: Human Rights Watch . July 1, 2001. Retrieved July 30, 2011.
  8. ^ US attack on Taliban kills 23 in Pakistan , The New York Times , September 9, 2008
  9. ^ A b Carlotta Gall, Ismail Khan, Pir Zubair Shah and Taimoor Shah: Pakistani and Afghan Taliban Unify in Face of US Influx , New York Times. March 26, 2009. Retrieved March 27, 2009. 
  10. ^ Seth G. Jones & C. Christine Fair: Counterinsurgency in Pakistan . RAND Corporation , Santa Monica 2011, ISBN 978-0-8330-4976-6 , pp. 25 ( PDF 2.9 MB [accessed December 16, 2011]).
  11. ↑ Barbara Elias: Know Thine Enemy. Why the Taliban Cannot Be Flipped. (No longer available online.) In: Foreign Affairs. Council on Foreign Relations , November 2, 2009, archived from the original November 7, 2009 ; accessed on May 25, 2011 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.foreignaffairs.com
  12. ↑ Syed Saleem Shahzad : From Insurrection to War. New Taliban groups have emerged in Pakistan. You have changed the balance of power in Afghanistan. (No longer available online.) In: Le Monde diplomatique . October 10, 2008, archived from the original on July 14, 2012 ; Retrieved May 25, 2011 (from the French by Edgar Peinelt; Le Monde diplomatique No. 8705 of October 10, 2008, pp. 8-9). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.monde-diplomatique.de
  13. ↑ Ravi Nessman: Pakistan militants, Bhutto aides allege government coverup in assassination , Associated Press . December 29, 2007. Archived from the original on December 31, 2007. 
  14. ^ Syed Saleem Shahzad: Afghan Patriots. (No longer available online.) In: Le Monde diplomatique . October 8, 2010, archived from the original on November 3, 2013 ; Retrieved June 1, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.monde-diplomatique.de
  15. ↑ Dead in attack on naval base. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . May 23, 2011, accessed May 23, 2011 .
  16. ^ ORF: At least 41 dead in attack in Pakistan
  17. ↑ Taliban attack naval base in Pakistan: Eight soldiers killed. In: RIA Novosti , May 23, 2011.
  18. ↑ Taliban humiliate Pakistan's military. In: Focus , May 23, 2011.
  19. ↑ Ahmed Rashid : On the Abyss . Pakistan, Afghanistan and the West. 1st edition. Weltkiosk, New York, London 2012, ISBN 978-3-942377-06-5 , pp. 28 (English: Pakistan on the Brinken . Translated by Henning Hoff).
  20. ↑ The battle lasted 24 hours. In: ORF . June 2, 2011, accessed June 8, 2011 .
  21. ↑ Second attack within a week. In: ORF. June 9, 2011, accessed June 9, 2011 .
  22. ^ Attack in Karachi. In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung . September 19, 2011, accessed September 19, 2011 .
  23. ↑ Pakistan is negotiating with the Taliban. In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung. November 21, 2011, accessed November 21, 2011 .
  24. ↑ Taliban deny ceasefire with Pakistan. In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung. November 23, 2011, accessed November 23, 2011 .
  25. ↑ Taliban free hundreds of prisoners in Pakistan. In: Die Zeit , April 15, 2012.
  26. ^ Militants free hundreds in attack on Pakistan jail. BBC News , April 15, 2012 (English).
  27. ↑ More than 25 dead in combat. In: Der Standard , August 26, 2012.
  28. ↑ thenews.com.pk
  29. ↑ spiegel.de, October 5, 2014
  30. ↑ Die Zeit [1] sighted January 20, 2016
  31. ↑ Quote from tagesschau.de. sighted January 20, 2016 [2]
  32. ↑ www.state.gov: Rewards for Justice - Reward Offer for Information on Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan and Factions Key Leaders
  33. ↑ spiegel.de March 9, 2018: Bounty worth millions for Taliban leaders