Thüringenschanze

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Thüringenschanze
(Hindenburgschanze)
Thüringenschanze (Hindenburgschanze)

Inrun tower with jumper at the 4th winter sports championships of the GDR in 1953
Thüringenschanze (Thuringia)
Red pog.svg
Location
city Oberhof
country Germany Democratic Republic 1949GDR German Democratic Republic
society ASK Vorwärts Oberhof (forerunner of
WSV Oberhof 05 )
Construction year 1925 to 27
Rebuilt 1948/49 (renovated)
Extended 1937/38, 1951/52
Shut down 1986
Destroyed 1986
Hill record 83.5 meters
Jens Weißflog (1981)
Data
Landing
Construction point 82 meters

Coordinates: 50 ° 42 ′ 37 ″  N , 10 ° 43 ′ 12 ″  E

The Thüringenschanze , called Hindenburgschanze until 1945 , was a ski jumping hill in Oberhof in the Thuringian Forest . The large hill , which was built from 1925 to 1927, was one of the largest ski jumps in Germany for over 50 years in terms of the reachable jumping distances. It was on the western slope of the Wadeberg next to the youth ski jump on the outskirts of Oberhof. The jumping competitions of the Nordic World Ski Championships in 1931 and numerous other jumping competitions with international participation were held on it. The construction point(K-point), the size specification for which width a ski jump is designed, was 82 meters after several modifications and extensions and the hill record set by Jens Weißflog in 1981 was 83.5 meters. It was demolished in 1986.

location

The ski jump was located on the northwestern outskirts of Oberhof on Crawinkler Strasse, state road  1128 from Oberhof to Ohrdruf . It took up the southwest slope of the 827.3 meter high Schloßbergkopf on the Wadeberg and was about 750 meters above sea ​​level . The inrun of the Wadeberg bob run was right next to the ski jump .

description

Referee tower and jumper in 1951
24 Pf postage stamp of the GDR post for the winter sports championships of the GDR in Oberhof in 1952

For the spectators there were earth stands in the run-out area and wooden stands on both sides of the upper landing slope. The standard point of the jump (P point) was 66.5 meters after the last renovations. The landing area began at 47 meters with a slope of 38 ° and went over to the outlet after a further 36 meters. The achievable jump distances were 80 meters with an average jump speed of 80 to 90 kilometers per hour . The ski jump had a 24 meter high inrun tower made of wood, which took up the 97 meter long inrun track. In contrast to the artificially created approach area, the landing area was completely on the natural slope. The total height of the jump was 99, the total length 325, the height of the take-off table 4.3 meters. The landing area was covered with plastic mats so that jumping without snow was possible. The mats were moistened before jumping and therefore had sliding properties similar to those of snow. The multi-storey wooden referee tower had four balconies, the top one being reserved for the judges. The hill was " property of the people "; The legal entity was the council of the municipality of Oberhof.

history

The first ski jump in Oberhof was built in 1906 and was located on Tambacher Straße.  The first ski jump was built on Wadeberg in 1908 with today's youth jump ( HS 69). This was completely rebuilt in 1951/52 and covered with matting in 1954. The world's first mat jumping took place on it. At the beginning of the 1920s, the youth ski jump allowed top lengths of almost 30 meters.

Hindenburgschanze (1925 to 1945)

Jump table in 2008

The first years

In order to be able to organize larger jumping competitions in Oberhof, a larger hill was planned. For this purpose, the Oberhof Winter Sports Association leased an approximately 0.5  hectare forest area from the Thuringian Forestry Office Crawinkel from October 1, 1924 . The construction of the ski jump started in 1925. It was inaugurated on December 22nd, 1927 as Hindenburgschanze . The ski jump was named after the President Paul von Hindenburg . The landing area of ​​the jump was between 25 and 60 meters, the steepest area of ​​the landing slope between 50 and 58 meters. The inrun length was 97 meters and the outlet 118 meters. The total height of the jump was 81 meters. The hill had a new kind of jumping distance display at the height of the 50 meter mark. This advertisement, which was tried out at the Holmenkollen Ski Games, was obtained from Norway and was the first in Central Europe. The inauguration should take place as part of a jump run for the honorary award Sr. Excellence von Hindenburg . However, a thaw that had occurred days before did not allow jumping. The international inaugural competition finally took place on February 5, 1928 with the Thuringian Championships in front of about 30,000 spectators. The Norwegian Sverre Jensen won with the first hill record of 45 meters. Gustav Scherschmidt from Oberschönau came in second with a width of 39 meters.

Venue of the 1931 World Cup

Oberhof was designated in 1930 by the FIS Congress in Oslo as the host of the FIS races (later: Nordic World Ski Championships). The place was decorated with snow figures, reception arches at the street entrances and house decorations during the competitions. From February 13th to 15th, 1931, the jumping decisions of the FIS races took place on the Hindenburgschanze. The special jumping on February 15th was watched by around 30,000 spectators who had traveled with 2,000 passenger cars, 26 special trains, ten shuttle buses, horse-drawn sleighs, skis or on foot. The Mitteldeutsche Zeitung wrote about it on February 17, 1931: “On Sunday, Oberhof had the greatest day in its health resort history. Today Oberhof's name is heard all over the world. ”The winner of the special jumping was the Norwegian Birger Ruud with widths of 58.5 and 56.5 meters, ahead of Fritz Kaufmann from Switzerland and Sven Eriksson from Sweden . In the Nordic combined, the Norwegians Johan Grøttumsbråten had won ahead of Sverre Kolterud and Arne Rustadstuen the day before.

Competitions during the Nazi era

In 1932, the jumping competitions were held on the hill at the Thuringian Ski Championships. At the New Year's competition in 1934, Paul Henkel from Oberhof reached a distance of 65 meters that had not yet been achieved there, but fell. Oskar Weisheit from Oberschönau achieved the longest jump with 55 meters. The Thuringian Winter Sports Association was renamed Ski-Gau VI in 1933, and winter sports were later also militarized. In 1937 and 1938 the ski jumping hill was rebuilt for the NS -Winterkampfspiele by moving it back and raising it and raising the run-up track. The cost of the renovation work amounted to around 31,000  Reichsmarks . After that, the ski jump allowed widths of 65 meters. From February 18 to 20, 1938, the Winter Fighting Games took place with a special jump on the Hindenburgschanze.

In 1939 the German Ski Championships were held in Oberhof, at which Josef Bradl from Salzburg won in jumping and Gustav Berauer in Nordic combined and became Grand German champions . New Year 1940 took place on the hill in the Second World War , in which the German top jumpers took part, with the winner Rudi Gehring ahead of Hans Marr , both from Oberhof. In 1941, the jumping competitions of the Thuringian Ski Championships were held on the hill, with private Heinz Holland from Schmiedefeld am Rennsteig winning. After that there were no more sporting events in Oberhof, and more and more war wounded came to the local hospitals there until 1945 .

Thüringenschanze (1945 to 1986)

Orchestra of the Berlin People's Police in 1951

Reopening in post-war Germany

After the end of the Second World War , the ski jump was renamed Thüringenschanze . The ski jump had become dilapidated due to the several years of rest. Residents of Oberhof had used the boarding of the inrun tower as firewood. The Thüringenschanze was renovated from autumn 1948, which amounted to around 5090 working hours and costs of around 15,000 DM. A fortunate circumstance was the fact that the substructure of the hill had not become rotten despite years of lack of repairs. In contrast, the restoration of the hill profile, which had been washed out from 32 degrees to 25 degrees, took up a large part of the work, during which a total of 100 cubic meters of earth were moved. The main problem for the 50 workers and ten activists turned out to be the transport of the earth, as only horse-drawn vehicles were available.

From February 11 to 15, 1949, the 1st championships of the Soviet occupation zone (Eastern Zone Championship) in winter sports took place with 450 participants, which had been prepared with great effort. After the World Cup in 1931, this was the largest sporting event in Oberhof. Present were Wilhelm Pieck , Walter Ulbricht , Otto Grotewohl and Erich Honecker, the leading politicians of the Soviet occupation zone as well as representatives of the Soviet Military Administration in Germany (SMAD). Franz Knappe from Geschwenda won the ski jump on the renovated Thüringenschanze in front of around 15,000 spectators . The winner in the Nordic combined was Herbert Leonhardt from Mühlleithen .

Venue of the GDR championships

Walter Ulbricht and Wilhelm Pieck in the VIP box in 1951

In 1950 and 1951 the ski jumping hill was completely repaired and a multi-storey judges tower was built. The hill profile was changed several times, so that later distances of 80 meters were possible. From 1951 to 1956, the GDR ski championships in the Nordic ski disciplines took place there in February . Since the audience interest waned at the last championships, the venues were changed after 1956. The ski championships from February 11 to 18, 1951, which were opened by the President of the GDR, Wilhelm Pieck, attracted up to 120,000 spectators over one weekend, who came with 48 special trains, numerous buses and other means of transport. The municipality of Oberhof was sometimes overwhelmed by the enormous crowd, all hotels and homes were fully booked, and there were major delays upon departure. Thereupon the leadership of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) in Berlin decided that in future no more than 60,000 spectators should be admitted to sporting events. Athletes from France , Poland , Hungary and West Germany took part in the ski championships in 1954 , which is why these championships had a higher priority. The President of the People's Chamber of the GDR, Johannes Dieckmann, was also present .

More competitions

Judges' tower with slogans in 1951

Until the 1970s, Christmas jumping with international participation took place on the ski jump . In 1955 the hill was covered with plastic mattings. From the mid-1950s, the International Oberhof Winter Sports Weeks were held with the jumping competitions on the Thuringian hill. On December 28, 1955, the first Olympic qualification between BRD and GDR ski jumpers for the first joint Olympic team of the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo took place on the Thuringian Hill , in which 37 jumpers took part. In January 1960, elimination competitions for the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley were held again on the ski jump . The later Olympic champion Helmut Recknagel from Steinbach-Hallenberg won the ski jumping competition.

View from the jump tower in 1954

After the inauguration of the Hans-Renner-Schanze at the beginning of the 1960s, which made jumps over 110 meters possible, things got quieter around the Thuringian hill . Larger jumping competitions were rarely held after that. From then on it mainly served as a training hill. In 1964 the hill record was 78.5 meters. From February 21st to 25th, 1968, the 2nd Central Children's and Youth Spartakiad in winter sports took place in Oberhof and Goldlauter , with the jumping competitions being held on the Thuringian hill. There was almost an accident while jumping. The 17-year-old later Olympic champion Hans-Georg Aschenbach from Brotterode lost both skis immediately after jumping off the take-off table. He flew through the air and landed at a distance of 42.5 meters, slid down the landing slope on the soles of his shoes and only fell there.

Springer in 1951

Use as a training hill and later demolition

From July 19 to 21, 1977, during an inspection of the most important jumps in the GDR, deficiencies were found at the Thüringenschanze. At the 15th Oberhof ski games, 16-year-old Jens Weißflog from Oberwiesenthal jumped the last hill record with 83.5 meters in February 1981. After the completion of the normal hill (K 90) in Kanzlersgrund in the mid-1980s, jumping training on the Thuringian hill was also discontinued. The 24 meter high wooden inrun tower was demolished in 1986 after no one had seen themselves in a position to preserve the elaborate structure that was no longer needed for jumping. At this point in time, the Thüringenschanze had a hill certificate (hill profile confirmation) that was valid until 1991 according to the International Ski Competition Rules (§ 414) of the Fédération Internationale de Ski (FIS), which allowed competitions with international participation. The hill was listed at the FIS with the certificate number 53 / DDR 2 with a standard point of 67 and a K point of 82 meters. At the moment only the overgrown landing and opposite slopes and the take-off table can be seen.

Technical specifications

Thüringenschanze
(year 1964)
Start-up
Tower height 42 m
Inrun length 97 m
Slope of the approach (γ) 30 °
Run-up speed 85  km / h
Jump table
Table height 4.3 m
Inclination of the take-off table (α) 6.5 °
Landing
Construction point 82 m
Difference in length from table edge to K point (s) 56.4 m
Ratio of height to length difference (h / n) 0.55
K-point inclination angle (β) 38.0 °
Outlet
Length of the spout 118 m
size
Total height of the system 99.0 m
Total length of the plant 325 m
Hill record 83.5 m
Hindenburgschanze
(around 1930)
Start-up
Tower height 29 m
Inrun length 97 m
Slope of the approach (γ) 26%
Run-up speed -
Jump table
Table height -
Inclination of the take-off table (α) 2-3%
Landing
Construction point -
Difference in length from table edge to K point (s) -
Ratio of height to length difference (h / n) -
K-point inclination angle (β) 37-38%
Outlet
Length of the spout 118 m
size
Total height of the system 81.36 m
Total length of the plant -
Hill record -

More jumps

In the immediate vicinity of the Thüringenschanze, other ski jumps together form the ski jumping facility on Wadeberg . To the left of the landing slope of the Thüringenschanze is the youth jump (HS 69), on the right was the pioneer jump built in 1952 for distances of up to 25 meters. The children's hill with a K-point of 13 meters was later built on its landing slope . On the opposite slope, diagonally across from Thüringenschanze, there are two school jumps (also called Spartakiadeschanzen ), which were built in 1976 (HS 50) and 1982 (HS 36). All four jumps are covered with plastic mattings and serve as training jumps for young skiers. In Kanzlersgrund, three kilometers away, there is a double hill facility with plastic mattings (HS 140 and HS 96).

literature

  • Wolfgang Fritzsche: Oberhof: History - Landscape - Tips - Hikes . 2nd Edition. Verlag Grünes Herz, Ilmenau 2005, ISBN 3-935621-29-9 .
  • Gerd Falkner : Chronicle of skiing in the German Democratic Republic . Ed .: German Ski Association. Self-published, 2000.
  • Roland Singer: Chronicle of Thuringian Ski Sports . Ed .: Thuringian Wintersport Association and Suhler Verlagsgesellschaft mbH. Suhl-Druck GmbH, Suhl 1995.
  • Rolf Hackel: Oberhof: From the Johanniter hospice to the city on Rennsteig; History and landscape Oberhof - a center of winter sports, hiking in the heart of the Thuringian Forest . In: Cities and municipalities in Thuringia . Heinrich-Jung-Verlagsgesellschaft mbH ( i.G. ), Ilmenau 1993, ISBN 3-929164-12-4 .
  • Jan Knapp among others: 100 years of winter sports in Oberhof . Ed .: Wintersportverein Oberhof 05. Bauer and Malsch GmbH.

Web links

Commons : Thüringenschanze  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Thuringian State Surveying Office (ed.): Oberhof and surroundings. 1: 25,000. Erfurt 2002. ISBN 3-86140-183-5 .
  2. ↑ a b c Section for physical culture and sport: Thuringia - Oberhof ski jump. November 30, 1964, Suhl.
  3. ↑ Jan Knapp et al: 100 years of winter sports in Oberhof.
  4. ↑ a b c Rolf Hackel: Oberhof - From the hospice of the Johanniter to the city on the Rennsteig. Pp. 90, 92.
  5. ↑ a b Roland Singer: Chronicle of Thuringian Ski Sports. P. 51.
  6. ↑ 100 years of the Thuringian Winter Sports Association 1905–2005. (PDF file: 3.2 MB) Thuringian Ski Association, p. 14 , accessed on January 6, 2009 .
  7. ↑ Oberhof. International Ski Federation - FIS, accessed on January 5, 2009 (English).
  8. ^ Jan Knapp et al: 100 years of winter sports in Oberhof. P. 27.
  9. ^ Roland Singer: Chronicle of Thuringian Ski Sports. P. 52.
  10. ^ Rolf Hackel: Oberhof - From the hospice of the Johanniter to the city on the Rennsteig. P. 95.
  11. ^ Roland Singer: Chronicle of Thuringian Ski Sports. P. 57.
  12. ↑ a b c d Jan Knapp et al: 100 years of winter sports in Oberhof. P. 28.
  13. ↑ a b Roland Singer: Chronicle of Thuringian Ski Sports. P. 54.
  14. ^ History of the city of Oberhof. Retrieved November 9, 2019 .
  15. ^ Rolf Hackel: Oberhof - From the hospice of the Johanniter to the city on the Rennsteig. P. 131.
  16. ↑ Neues Deutschland , edition of December 24, 1948, p. 4
  17. ↑ a b 100 years of the Thuringian Winter Sports Association 1905–2005. (PDF; 3.2 MB) Thuringian Ski Association, p. 50 , accessed on January 5, 2009 .
  18. ^ Rolf Hackel: Oberhof - From the hospice of the Johanniter to the city on the Rennsteig. P. 132.
  19. ^ Jan Knapp et al: 100 years of winter sports in Oberhof. P. 30.
  20. ↑ Gerd Falkner: Chronicle of skiing in the German Democratic Republic. P. 21.
  21. ↑ Gerd Falkner: Chronicle of skiing in the German Democratic Republic. P. 18.
  22. ^ Rolf Hackel: Oberhof - From the hospice of the Johanniter to the city on the Rennsteig. P. 141.
  23. ↑ Gerd Falkner: Chronicle of skiing in the German Democratic Republic. P. 43.
  24. ^ Rolf Hackel: Oberhof - From the hospice of the Johanniter to the city on the Rennsteig. Pp. 149-150.
  25. ↑ Gerd Falkner: Chronicle of skiing in the German Democratic Republic. P. 86.
  26. ↑ 100 years of the Thuringian Winter Sports Association 1905–2005. (PDF file: 3.2 MB) Thuringian Ski Association, p. 24 , accessed on January 7, 2009 .
  27. ↑ Gerd Falkner: Chronicle of skiing in the German Democratic Republic. P. 106.
  28. ↑ Gerd Falkner: Chronicle of skiing in the German Democratic Republic. P. 193.
  29. ↑ Volume III - Ski Jumping. (PDF; 0.4 MB) In: International Ski Competition Rules. Internationaler Ski Association, 2013, p. 56 , archived from the original on April 22, 2014 ; Retrieved April 9, 2014 .
  30. ↑ Homologated ski jumps. International Ski Association, as of 1987.
  31. ↑ Hindenburgschanze Oberhof (Thuringia). - Length profile 1: 500
  32. ↑ Ski jumping facility on Wadeberg. Retrieved November 9, 2019 .
This article was added to the list of excellent articles on February 10, 2009 in this version .