ASK forward Oberhof

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ASK Oberhof
Surname Army Sports Club Forward Oberhof
Founded August 25, 1956
resolution November 23, 1990
(transferred to WSV Oberhof 05 )
Association headquarters Oberhof
Members 300 athletes and trainers
Departments 6th

The Army Sports Club Vorwärts Oberhof ( ASK Oberhof ) was a winter sports club in the GDR sports system based in Oberhof in the Thuringian Forest . It was founded in 1956 and dissolved after German reunification in 1990. The successor is the WSV Oberhof 05 . The army sports club developed into one of the most successful winter sports clubs in the world. ASK Oberhof athletes won over 100 gold medals at the Olympic Winter Games , World and European Championships , including 16 gold medals from 23 athletes in five Olympic Winter Games. The ASK had 300 active athletes and coaches, depending on the age group. 100 unofficial employees of the State Security were used as informers in sport and its environment.

history

Wolfgang Hoppe and Dietmar Schauerhammer - Olympic champions in the two-man and four-man bobsleigh in 1984

After the founding of the National People's Army (NVA) on January 18, 1956, the Ministry of National Defense also took over the organization of sports and set up sports clubs for competitive sports to enable the athletes to train intensively. The Army Sports Club (ASK) Oberhof, initially as the ski sports department of the Erfurt Army Sports Club , was founded on August 25, 1956 and later spun off. At that time, the head of the ASK was Colonel of the NVA, Manfred Kowark. A little later, the club was renamed ASK Vorwärts Oberhof. On October 1, 1956, the Army Sports Association Forward (ASV Forward) was founded, to which all Army Sports Clubs (ASK) in the GDR belonged. Immediately afterwards the ASV became a member of the sports committee of the friendly armies (SKDA). Vorwärts Oberhof has since formed the winter sports center of the army sports association Vorwärts. The principle was to only promote sports that had a chance of success at international events, especially the Winter Olympics. Therefore, the alpine sector, which was initially operated independently for some time, was discontinued in Oberhof.

Hans-Georg Aschenbach - 1976 Olympic champion in ski jumping

The competitive athletes of the ASK, who were previously housed in different locations, moved into the army property at Grenzadler in 1961, today's barracks on Rennsteig , now the seat of a sports promotion group of the Bundeswehr . The Grenzadler is an approximately two meter high boundary stone with a Prussian eagle , 837 meters above sea level, where there is also a large parking lot with the same name and the Lotto Thuringia Arena on Rennsteig . Walter Ulbricht had insisted on moving the ASK's sports facility outside of the village because he was of the opinion that Oberhof itself was not conducive to the development of an athlete. Ulbricht prevented the construction of a youth and children's sports school in Oberhof during his lifetime. The sports school of the German Gymnastics and Sports Association (DTSB), today Sporthotel Oberhof, was opened in 1973 to further optimize training and courses . After Walter Ulbricht's death in 1973, there was a discussion among sports officials about the construction of a children's and youth sports school in Oberhof. The complex, which comprises several buildings, was funded by eleven million marks from the Ministry of Education, which accounted for around half of the construction cost. The construction planning and the search for a location stretched over several years. In 1981 the school, which was founded in 1979 and now fulfilled optimal conditions for the next generation of sports, was able to work at full capacity. Gerhard Grimmer headed the ASK from 1981 to 1990 . In 1990 the sports school was converted into the Oberhof sports high school and today trains 350 students between the ages of 10 and 19.

Bernhard Glass - 1980 Olympic champion in luge

The first medals were achieved at the Nordic World Ski Championships in 1966 and 1970 by Dieter Neuendorf in ski jumping and Gerhard Grimmer and Axel Lesser in cross-country skiing . The first two gold medals and one bronze medal at the Winter Olympics were won by athletes from ASK 1972 in luge . At the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck , ASK athletes won five golds, one silver and three bronze medals. This made the club the most successful winter sports club in the world. At the following Olympic Games, at least two and up to five gold medals were won for the ASK. After reunification on October 3, 1990, the Bundeswehr took over the association, which on November 23, 1990 became the successful WSV Oberhof 05, which today has around 700 members. From the WSV 05 on June 10, 1993 the skating sports area was released as BSR Rennsteig Oberhof .

description

Hans Rinn - Olympic champion in luge in 1976 and 1980

Due to the concentration of many winter sports facilities in a very small space, such as the ski jumping facility in the Kanzlersgrund , the Thüringenschanze , the ski jumping facility on the Wadeberg , the Oberhof luge track , the biathlon stadium on the Rennsteig and the cross-country trails on the Rennsteig in the area of ​​the Grenzadler , the ASK had optimal training conditions. The systems were constantly modernized, supplemented and expanded. Determined and systematic training led to a continuous increase in performance. The state devoted optimal care to the ASK, both in competitive sports and in the youth field. An effective system of sorting, selecting and promoting the offspring resulted in a harmonious collaboration.

The ASK organized many winter sports events with international participation at the domestic sports facilities, for example the luge world championships in 1973 and 1985, the European championships in 1979 and numerous world cups in luge, a ski jumping world cup in 1989 and biathlon world cups in 1984 , 1985 and 1986. Until the association was dissolved in 1990, ASK won sixteen gold, twelve silver and ten bronze medals at the Winter Olympics. At world and European championships there were a total of 85 gold, 72 silver and 45 bronze medals. The youth department of the ASK was also successful. ASK athletes won 47 gold, 36 silver and 25 bronze medals at world and European junior championships.

Ski departments

Ski jumping

The ski jumping department was established in Brotterode when the ASK was founded in 1956 and remained there until around 1975. This is where the athletes of the ASK Vorwärts Brotterode started, which was later renamed ASK Vorwärts Oberhof. In the 1960s, a successful guard of jumpers formed, which won many events. Dieter Bokeloh won ski jumping at the ski games in Oslo in 1963. In 1969 Manfred Wolf set a world record in ski flying in Planica with 165 meters . The department got stronger and stronger in the 1970s after good training conditions had arisen in Oberhof with the youth ski jump, the Thuringian jump and the large hill in the Kanzlersgrund. Hans-Georg Aschenbach became double world champion in Falun in 1974 . At the 1976 Winter Olympics there was a double victory with Hans-Georg Aschenbach and Jochen Danneberg . Martin Weber and later Ingo Lesser were also among the best in the world until 1980 . In the 1980s, the athletes fell a little behind the world leaders and won no more medals at the Olympic Winter Games and World Championships.

Nordic combination

The ski department stayed in Brotterode for the first few years with the special jumping. In the early years of the ASK she had little sporting success despite the good training conditions and for a long time lagged behind the combined from the Karl-Marx-Stadt district. Ingolf Hüther won the first medal for the ASK in 1986 with bronze at the Junior World Championship. The best placement at the Winter Olympics was a fifth place for the team at the 1988 Winter Games in Calgary . In the junior division, Marco Frank won the gold medal with the relay at the 1987 World Championships. The breakthrough to the top of the world no longer came under the leadership of the ASK, but only at the end of the 1990s with Ronny Ackermann and Marko Baacke as WSV 05.

Cross-country skiing

The success of this ski department also fell short of expectations in the early years of the ASK, the active members of the neighboring SC Motor Zella-Mehlis performed better. Walter Ulbricht , Chairman of the State Council of the GDR, who was present several times at competitions in Oberhof, did not like the fact that the “soldiers of the people” were behind the “civilians”. He ordered the SC Motor athletes to be drafted into the army so that they could start at the ASK. There were, among others, the multiple GDR cross-country champions Cuno Werner and Werner Moring . This gave the ASK a strong team in the cross-country area. But even with this well-known troupe, there were initially no successes. Occasionally there were top placements, but this did not meet the requirements of the ASK. It was not until the 1970s that the multiple world champion Gerhard Grimmer , Axel Lesser and Carola Anding became a sporting success. In the 1980s there were only successes in the junior division, whose athletes won gold several times for the ASK.

biathlon

Frank Ullrich - 1980 Olympic champion in biathlon

Biathlon had a difficult time at ASK at the beginning, this sport was not yet Olympic at that time. In the spring of 1959, the Committee of the Army Sports Association decided to form its own biathlon team in the ASK. In the beginning, only athletes were recruited who did not make a breakthrough in cross-country skiing. The ten best-performing runners at the ASK came to the cross-country skiing department, the others to the biathlon. There were accommodation problems for the department, and from September 1959 the 15 athletes were accommodated away from the village, in the Kammerbacher stalking house. When biathlon became Olympic in 1960, the position of the department within the ASK was lastingly consolidated. After moving into the army facility on Grenzadler, which was opened in 1961, the biathletes had better conditions. The international breakthrough came in 1970 when Hans-Gert Jahn won the first bronze medal with the relay at the World Championships (WM).

At the end of the 1970s, the biathlon department became more and more successful with athletes Frank Ullrich and Kurt Hinze as coaches. Frank Ullrich won the gold medal at the 1980 Olympic Games and a total of nine titles at world championships. Other ASK world champions were Matthias Jacob , Bernd Hellmich , Mathias Jung and Jürgen Wirth . At the World Championships in Minsk in 1982, a pure ASK relay won the world title for the first time. So far, no other pure club team in the world has managed to win a World Cup title. In 1982 the shooting range in Oberhof was opened as a globally recognized project. In 1981 and 1982 today's DKB-Ski-Arena Oberhof, in which a biathlon world cup took place for the first time in 1984, was built. The athletes found ideal training conditions in the biathlon stadium and the shooting range. Only in the last few years of the ASK was a biathlon women team formed from previous cross-country skiers.

At the national level, Oberhof fought a duel with the biathlon department of Dynamo Zinnwald . At least in the relay events, Zinnwald was able to win the national titles far more often since the first edition in 1965. It was not until 1972 that the Oberhofer beat the Zinnwalder, but the first team to defeat the Zinnwalders was the second Oberhofer team. Only in 1981 could another season title be won, now by the first team, in 1982 it was defended for the only time in the club's history. In 1987 Oberhof won the fourth season title, while Zinnwald was 19 times GDR champion. The balance in the individual races looks better. In the military patrol competitions between 1958 and 1965, Oberhof was after all two more successful with five titles. With Cuno Werner , the club provided the first national champion over 20 kilometers in 1958. With 23 versus 22 individual titles, Oberhof is slightly ahead of Zinnwald in the individual and sprints.

Luge

Horst Hörnlein and Reinhard Bredow - 1972 Olympic champions in luge

Until the Olympic Games in 1968, no sled athletes from the ASK took part in international competitions. All young athletes from the Thuringian region were ordered to Oberwiesenthal, which at that time was the GDR's flagship club for racing sled drivers. At the end of the 1960s, however, the ASK formed a top team with Wolfgang Scheidel , Horst Hörnlein and Reinhard Bredow . In 1970 and 1971, the second artificially iced toboggan run in the world was built in Oberhof in order to create the best possible training conditions for the athletes. At the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo , ASK athletes won two gold medals. Until the dissolution, no major event passed without medals for the most successful department of the ASK. The ASK provided numerous athletes who were among the world's best, such as Hans Rinn and Norbert Hahn as Olympic champions in 1976 and 1980 in doubles, Bernhard Glass , Ute Oberhoffner , Melitta Sollmann , Jörg Hoffmann with Jochen Pietzsch , Jens Müller , Susi Erdmann and Stefan Krauße with Jan Behrendt .

The first national title was won by Klaus Halbauer in 1967 in the men's single-seater category. The success was increased with silver and bronze by Albert Bienert and Wolfgang Scheidel . Between 1970 and 1983 Oberhofer won 14 consecutive titles, including three from 1970 to 1972 Scheidel and seven from 1973 to 1979 Rinn. Overall, the men's singles were GDR champions 18 times. It took a little longer until the first success with women. In 1971 Margit Schumann won the first title and the first medal for Oberhof female tobogganists. From 1973 to 1976 four more titles followed by Schumann. They won a total of eleven GDR championship titles by 1988, making them about as successful as the toughest competitors from Traktor Oberwiesenthal. Hörnlein / Bredow won their first title in the doubles in 1969, and ASK athletes won their first medals as early as 1967. Oberhof did not dominate as much in any of the three toboggan competitions as in the doubles, where 17 titles were won by the end of the GDR. Since 1971 all titles except 1988 have been won, in 1975 with the Oberhofer-Oberwiesenthaler connection Müller / Neumann.

Bobsleigh

At the GDR championships in 1979, Andreas Kirchner pushed Horst Schönau's bobsleigh .

In the 1960s, bobsleigh, like luge, concentrated exclusively on Oberwiesenthal. Bobsleigh drivers fell completely out of the funding system of the German Gymnastics and Sports Federation . The sport was only practiced as a leisure and recreational sport in Oberhof. In the two-man bobsleigh, only the best within the GDR who drove for Oberwiesenthal were determined. As with luge, the turning point came at the end of the 1960s. In the 1970s and 1980s this department was the most successful within the ASK alongside luge. No Olympic Games and World Championships went by without the ASK providing medal winners in the two-man and four-man bobsleigh.

Nationally, Oberhof provided the GDR champions in the two-man bobsleigh for the first time in 1974 with Peter Kirchner / Roland Ebersbach. Up until the last event in 1988, Oberhof provided all of the following 14 GDR champions. The four-man bobsleigh competition, which was held again for the first time in 1987 after a break of 27 years, was also won by athletes from Oberhofer ASK in the last two events with the Wolfgang Hoppe bobsleigh.

Most successful athlete

Gold medals at the Olympic Games were won for the ASK 23 athletes. Frank Ullrich in biathlon , Hans-Georg Aschenbach in ski jumping and Carola Anding in cross-country skiing . The athletes were most successful in luge and bobsleigh. In the luge, Horst Hörnlein , Reinhard Bredow , Wolfgang Scheidel , Bernhard Glass , Hans Rinn (twice), Norbert Hahn (twice), Margit Schumann , Jens Müller , Jörg Hoffmann and Jochen Pietzsch , in the bob Meinhard Nehmer (three times), Bernhard Germeshausen ( three times), Jochen Babock , Bernhard Lehmann , Bogdan Musiol , Hans-Jürgen Gerhardt , Dietmar Schauerhammer (twice), Roland Wetzig , Andreas Kirchner and Wolfgang Hoppe (twice). Wolfgang Hoppe also won seven times at world championships and three times at European championships, whereby he achieved the most titles in the ASK. At world championships, Frank Ullrich won the most ASK titles with nine gold medals.

doping

Jürgen Gundler and Andreas Heß are recognized victims of state-prescribed doping in competitive GDR sports . Stasi documents show that the director Gerhard Grimmer enforced the secrecy of the state-ordered doping in the GDR competitive sport with punitive measures. The doctors took blood from cross-country skiers and biathletes, irradiated them with UV light and then returned them to the athletes. This should increase the oxygen transport capacity.

State security

Four full-time officers of the State Security deploy more than 100 unofficial employees (IM) as informers in sport and its environment, as functionaries, trainers, doctors, physiotherapists, teachers of the KJS or supervisors of the sports facilities. The Stasi had to monitor the travel cadre and ensure that doping practices were kept secret. In 2004, a commission headed by the former President of the Landtag, Frank-Michael Pietzsch, was commissioned to deal with the issue.

literature

  • Dr. Gerd Falkner: Chronicle of skiing in the German Democratic Republic . Ed .: German Ski Association. Self-published, 2000.
  • Roland Singer: Chronicle of Thuringian Ski Sports . Ed .: Thuringian Wintersport Association and Suhler Verlagsgesellschaft mbH. Suhl-Druck GmbH, Suhl 1995.
  • Jan Knapp and a .: 100 years of winter sports in Oberhof . Ed .: Wintersportverein Oberhof 05. Bauer and Malsch GmbH.
  • Thuringian Citizens 'Committee to come to terms with the SED dictatorship: Thomas Purschke: "Staatsplan Sieg - The Instrumentalization of GDR Winter Sports Using the Example of Oberhof" Series of the Citizens' Committee, Volume 15

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original dated February 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.mdr.de
  2. ↑ WinterSportVerein Oberhof 05 e. V. (Hrsg.): Oberhof magazine - winter sports has a name. P. 21.
  3. ↑ a b Jan Knapp u. a .: 100 years of winter sports in Oberhof. P. 45.
  4. ↑ Army Sports Clubs Forward. (No longer available online.) Bundesarchiv.de, 2002, formerly in the original ; Retrieved February 27, 2009 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.bundesarchiv.de  
  5. ^ Rolf Hackel: Oberhof - From the hospice of the Johanniter to the city on the Rennsteig. P. 148.
  6. ↑ Gerd Falkner : Chronicle of skiing in the German Democratic Republic. P. 46.
  7. ^ Rolf Hackel: Oberhof - From the hospice of the Johanniter to the city on the Rennsteig. P. 149.
  8. ↑ a b Rolf Hackel: Oberhof - From the hospice of the Johanniter to the city on the Rennsteig. P. 151.
  9. ^ Thuringian Land Surveying Office (ed.): Oberhof and surroundings. 1: 25,000. Erfurt 2002. ISBN 3-86140-183-5 .
  10. ^ 15 years Sporthotel Oberhof. (No longer available online.) LandesSportBund Thüringen, November 2008, formerly in the original ; Retrieved March 1, 2009 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / 81.169.135.155  
  11. ^ Rolf Hackel: Oberhof - From the hospice of the Johanniter to the city on the Rennsteig. Pp. 173-174.
  12. ↑ Honorary Citizenship: Modest, honest stubbornness. insuedthueringen.de, April 26, 2008, accessed March 5, 2009 .
  13. ↑ WinterSportVerein Oberhof 05 e. V. (Hrsg.): Oberhof magazine - winter sports has a name. P. 35.
  14. ^ Rolf Hackel: Oberhof - From the hospice of the Johanniter to the city on the Rennsteig. P. 215.
  15. ↑ a b Roland Singer: Chronicle of Thuringian Ski Sports. P. 139.
  16. ↑ Jan Knapp et al. a .: 100 years of winter sports in Oberhof. P. 33.
  17. ↑ Sieghart Zitzmann u. a. and WSV Oberhof 05: 1958/1998 - 40 years of biathlon in Oberhof. Page 15.
  18. ↑ Result lists at Sport-complete
  19. ↑ Results of the GDR championships at Sport-complete
  20. ↑ GDR bobsleigh master at Sport-complete
  21. ↑ Thüringer Landeszeitung , April 11, 2003
  22. ↑ UV blood irradiation: Tradition in GDR sport: means to improve performance in biathlon and cross-country skiing , Deutschlandfunk , March 11, 2012
  23. ↑ The long shadow of Plan 14.25. Stasi employees as responsible persons and victims who are insulted: Thuringia's biggest sporting event is struggling with the past. , Süddeutsche Zeitung , May 17, 2010
  24. ^ Biathlon World Championships Again and again the old officials , FAZ , February 5, 2004
  25. ↑ Journalist criticizes Stasi clanships in Thuringian winter sports , Thüringer Allgemeine , February 18, 2011
  26. ↑ Oberhof-Stasi no snow from yesterday , Mainpost , September 20, 2004
  27. ↑ http://www.buergerkomiteethueringen.de/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=65&Itemid=84