Sports club (GDR)
A sports club ( SC ) was a specially promoted, competitive sports -oriented club in the GDR sports system .
Sports clubs emerged in the GDR from 1954 onwards. They were initially founded by so-called sports associations , which served as umbrella organizations for sports communities in individual trade union areas. In the early 1960s, the GDR sports leadership tightened the system and set up district sports clubs. The sports clubs existed in this form until the turn of 1990 , when they were either dissolved or were given club status based on the West German model.
General
As early as 1950, many company sports associations (BSG) had been established in the GDR . Targeted promotion of top athletes was hardly possible. That is why the GDR's sports management pushed the formation of sports clubs. One sports club served the competitive sports and the BSG was preceded by that of the exercise of grassroots persisted. The best athletes in the company sports associations were "delegated" to the sports clubs - often when they were children. There they often had much better training opportunities available and they were looked after much more intensively, but in many cases they also came into contact with the current GDR doping system . The sports clubs benefited from the children's and youth sports schools that are closely linked with them . In view of the enormous international success achieved by GDR athletes at the Olympic Games as well as World and European Championships, the sports club concept had proven itself.
Sports clubs were recognizable by their name by their uniform abbreviation “SC”. Exceptions to this were the army sports clubs of the Army Sports Association Vorwärts (ASK), the Gymnastics and Sports Club Berlin (TSC) and the Dynamo Eilenburg Parachute Sports Club (FSC). The largest sports club in the GDR was SC Dynamo Berlin . In the individual sports clubs, only selected sports were mainly trained. Examples of this are the winter sports clubs SC Traktor Oberwiesenthal , ASK Vorwärts Oberhof , SC Motor Zella-Mehlis and SC Dynamo Klingenthal .
Sports clubs of the sports associations in the 1950s
Sports clubs and performance centers in the GDR around 1956 |
The "Directive of the Politburo of the SED for the further rapid upward development of physical culture and sport" of July 13, 1954 had the aim of promoting competitive sport . Ultimately, it resulted in the formation of sports clubs. The background to this was primarily the pursuit of international recognition and propaganda purposes . The high medal yield to be expected in international competitions with targeted funding should suggest a superiority of the socialist system in the Eastern bloc over the capitalism of Western states.
Since in the GDR as a result of a decision by the German Sports Committee on April 3, 1950, central sports associations based on the union structure were formed based on the Soviet model, it was now up to them to found the sports club. As a result, 16 of the 18 sports associations (with the exception of SV Medicine and Post) established mostly one, in a few cases several sports clubs . As a rule, the sports club was located in a city in which a high-performance VEB of the respective trade union area took over the function of the sponsoring company . For example, SC Wismut Karl-Marx-Stadt was located in the city in which the SDAG Wismut was also based ( Chemnitz-Siegmar district ).
List of GDR sports clubs 1956
The first minor changes to the sports club network were made in the first few years of its existence. On June 16, 1957, SC Motor Berlin was transferred to TSC Oberschöneweide . In the same year, SC Stahl Riesa was dissolved and its sections were re-incorporated into BSG Stahl Riesa. On December 4, 1957, Aufbau Klingenthal and the skiing focus of the Dynamo sports association merged to form the new SC Dynamo Klingenthal . On June 30, 1958, Chemie Halle-Leuna and Science Halle merged to form the new SC Chemie Halle . In 1960, the ice hockey section was split off from Vorwärts Berlin and was delegated to ASK Vorwärts Crimmitschau . Also in 1960 the SC Progress Weissenfels was dissolved and its sections rejoined to the BSG Progress Weissenfels, in 1961 the ASK Vorwärts Erfurt was dissolved.
District sports clubs in the 1960s through 1980s
Sports clubs and performance centers in the 1960s to 1980s |
From 1961 there was an increased concentration of sports clubs by government order. Ideally, each district should have a sports club in addition to KJS that is located in the district capital. In the early 1960s, almost every district had sports clubs that the sports associations founded. The districts of Potsdam , Frankfurt and Neubrandenburg did not yet have any sports clubs . That is why the SC Potsdam (1961) as well as the SC Frankfurt and SC Neubrandenburg (both 1962) were founded at the instigation of the local district managements .
The fact that the sports clubs of the sports associations gave way completely to the district sports clubs from 1960 onwards is also reflected in various mergers and renaming. In Berlin, where there were five sports clubs (Dynamo, Vorwärts, Einheit, Rotation and Oberschöneweide) in 1960, their number was to be reduced through the formation of a large civilian sports club. This was done by merging the unit and rotation Berlin with the TSC Oberschöneweide to form TSC Berlin . In the district of Cottbus in 1963 was built in place of the dissolved SC activist Brieske-Senftenberg SC Cottbus in the district capital. In the Karl-Marx-Stadt district , SC Wismut was also dissolved in 1963 and Motor Karl-Marx-Stadt was renamed SC Karl-Marx-Stadt . In 1963, the Rotation and Lokomotive sports clubs merged in the Leipzig district to form SC Leipzig , and one year later SC Wissenschaft DHfK changed its name to SC DHfK Leipzig . On July 27, 1965, SC Aufbau Magdeburg was renamed SC Magdeburg .
Within two years, the terms rotation, activist, locomotive, bismuth, science and structure from the sports club names, which were still used by the sports associations, were no longer used. In 1965 there was now exactly one civil sports club in each district. "Civilian" sports clubs were those that did not belong to ASV Vorwärts or SV Dynamo , both of which continued to operate several key areas of service spread across the entire GDR. With the exception of Motor Zella-Mehlis ( Suhl district ), Motor Jena ( Gera district ) and Traktor Oberwiesenthal ( Karl-Marx-Stadt district ), all civil sports clubs were located in the district capitals.
List of GDR sports clubs 1965
| coat of arms | sports Club | Founding / renaming | Competitive sports sections | district |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
SC Dynamo Berlin | October 1, 1954 | Boxing, ice hockey, figure skating, speed skating, fencing, soccer, handball, athletics, cycling, swimming, gymnastics, volleyball | East Berlin |
|
TSC Berlin | 18th February 1963 | Basketball, boxing, figure skating, speed skating, soccer, weightlifting, handball, canoe racing, athletics, cycling, rowing, chess, swimming, sailing, tennis, table tennis, volleyball, water polo, water jumping | East Berlin |
|
ASK Forward Berlin | September 29, 1953 | Boxing, football, weightlifting, handball, judo, athletics, equestrian sports, cycling, wrestling, rowing, shooting, gymnastics | Frankfurt (Oder) |
| ASK forward Brotterode | Ski jumping | Suhl | ||
|
SC Cottbus | April 19, 1963 | Boxing, football, athletics, cycling, gymnastics | cottbus |
| ASK Forward Crimmitschau | 1960 | ice Hockey | Karl Marx City | |
|
SG Dynamo Dresden | April 12, 1953 | Soccer | Dresden |
|
SC unit Dresden | November 21, 1954 | Ice hockey, figure skating, speed skating, fencing, soccer, weightlifting, canoeing, athletics, rowing, chess, swimming, gymnastics, diving | Dresden |
|
SC Turbine Erfurt | September 1954 | Figure skating, speed skating, soccer, athletics, cycling, swimming | Erfurt |
|
SC Frankfurt | 1962 | Soccer | Frankfurt (Oder) |
|
SC Chemistry Hall | June 30, 1958 | Basketball, boxing, soccer, bowling, athletics, rhythmic gymnastics, wrestling, rowing, chess, swimming, tennis, gymnastics, diving | Hall |
|
SC Dynamo Hoppegarten | 1963 | Parachuting, judo, equestrian sports, sport shooting | Frankfurt (Oder) |
|
SC Motor Jena | November 19, 1954 | Fencing, soccer, hockey, athletics, wrestling, swimming, table tennis | Gera |
|
SC Karl-Marx-Stadt | July 1, 1963 | Figure skating, speed skating, soccer, weightlifting, athletics, cycling, swimming, gymnastics | Karl Marx City |
|
SC Dynamo Klingenthal | 4th December 1957 | Nordic skiing | Karl Marx City |
|
SC DHfK Leipzig | September 25, 1954 | Football, handball, canoe racing, judo, athletics, cycling, rowing, swimming, gymnastics, diving | Leipzig |
|
SC Leipzig | July 1963 | Fencing, soccer, handball, hockey, judo, rhythmic gymnastics, wrestling, gymnastics, volleyball | Leipzig |
| ASK forward Leipzig | January 1955 | Basketball, weightlifting, canoeing, fencing, cycling, sport shooting | Leipzig | |
|
SG Dynamo Luckenwalde | 1953 | Wrestling | Potsdam |
|
SC Magdeburg | July 27, 1965 | Boxing, soccer, handball, canoe racing, rowing, swimming |
Magdeburg |
|
SC Neubrandenburg | May 1, 1962 | Football, canoe racing, athletics | Neubrandenburg |
| ASK forward Oberhof | August 25, 1956 | Biathlon, bobsleigh, Nordic combined, luge, cross-country skiing | Suhl | |
|
SC tractor Oberwiesenthal | 1955 | Biathlon, Nordic combined, luge, alpine skiing, cross-country skiing, ski jumping | Karl Marx City |
|
SC Potsdam | February 6, 1961 | Football, athletics, gymnastics, volleyball | Potsdam |
| SG Dynamo Potsdam | 1953 | rowing | Potsdam | |
| ASK forward Potsdam | Fencing, canoe racing, athletics, swimming, gymnastics | Potsdam | ||
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SC Empor Rostock | November 11, 1954 | Ice hockey, football, handball, canoe racing, athletics, swimming, sailing, gymnastics, diving | Rostock |
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ASK forward Rostock | 1956 | Wrestling, rowing, swimming, sailing | Rostock |
|
SC Tractor Schwerin | June 1955 | Boxing, athletics, sailing, volleyball | Schwerin |
|
SG Dynamo Weißwasser | September 1, 1953 | ice Hockey | cottbus |
|
SC Motor Zella-Mehlis | Wrestling, Nordic combined, cross-country skiing, ski jumping | Suhl | |
|
SG Dynamo Zinnwald | October 15, 1956 | Biathlon, bobsleigh, luge | Dresden |
At the end of 1965, football was given a special position in the competitive sports system of the GDR: Separate football clubs were separated out of ten existing sports clubs, which then determined the operations of the GDR major league .
- → Main article: Football club (GDR)
Since football was only to be promoted in the ten newly formed football clubs, the football sections were also eliminated from all other sports clubs. They mostly rejoined company sports associations and continued to play under a different name. In detail, this concerned Motor Schwerin , Motor Babelsberg , FSV Lok Dresden , Energie Cottbus , FSV Neubrandenburg and Dynamo Frankfurt .
In the years that followed, there were no large-scale and comprehensive restructuring of the sports clubs, but only individual restructuring. In 1969 SC Frankfurt disbanded because ASK Vorwärts Berlin , which was already based in the Frankfurt (Oder) ( Strausberg ) district, was delegated to the district capital and henceforth assumed the name of ASK Vorwärts Frankfurt . In Potsdam, in a similar case, the local SC was dissolved in favor of the more successful ASK Vorwärts Potsdam. In Berlin, the SC Berlin-Grünau also gained its independence from the TSC in 1969 . As part of the restructuring of top -class ice hockey in the GDR, the ASK Vorwärts Crimmitschau lost its club status in 1970, and the team there continued to play in the BSG Crimmitschau unit. In 1973, Gera was the only district capital that remained without a sports club and at the same time a major city, with the SG Wismut Gera, a sports club sponsored like a sports club. The ASK Vorwärts Brotterode was dissolved in 1975, the ski jumpers joined the ASK Vorwärts Oberhof. The ASK Vorwärts Leipzig also only existed until the mid-1970s. In 1988, the FSC Dynamo Eilenburg split off from the SC Dynamo Hoppegarten , which in turn emerged from the SC Dynamo Berlin . As a result of a DTSB decision in 1989, even before the fall of the Berlin Wall, summer and winter sports were separated from each other in sports clubs, which led to the establishment of ice sports clubs. Specifically, the ESC Dresden (from the SC unit) and the ESC Erfurt (from the SC Turbine) were created.
Sports clubs in the time of change
Sports clubs 1990 |
The following picture emerged when the sports clubs were dissolved in 1990:
List of GDR sports clubs 1990
| coat of arms | sports Club | year | further development | successor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
SC Dynamo Berlin | 1990 | division |
1. PSC Berlin EHC Dynamo Berlin |
|
|
TSC Berlin | 1990 1991 |
Start-up as e. V. Renaming |
Berlin TSC |
|
SC Berlin-Grünau | 1990 | Start-up as e. V. | SC Berlin-Grünau |
|
|
SC Cottbus | 1990 1992 |
Start-up as e. V. Division |
Boxing Club Cottbus Lausitzer Handball Club Cottbus Athletics Club Cottbus Cycling Club Cottbus Sport Club Cottbus Gymnastics |
|
|
SG Dynamo Dresden | 1990 | Renaming and re-establishment as e. V. |
1. FC Dynamo Dresden |
| ESC Dresden | 1990 | Start-up as e. V. | ESC Dresden | |
|
|
SC unit Dresden | 1990 | Renaming and re-establishment as e. V. |
Dresdner SC |
| FSC Dynamo Eilenburg | 1990 | Renaming and re-establishment as e. V. |
FSV Eilenburg | |
| ESC Erfurt | 1990 | Start-up as e. V. | ESC Erfurt | |
|
|
SC Turbine Erfurt | 1990 | Renaming and re-establishment as e. V. |
TSV Erfurt |
| ASK forward Frankfurt | 1990 | Division and loose reconnection |
Frankfurt Sports Union | |
| SG Bismut Gera | 1990 | division | SSV Gera 1990 BC Wismut Gera |
|
|
|
SC Chemistry Hall | 1990 | Renaming and re-establishment as e. V. |
SV Halle |
|
|
SC Dynamo Hoppegarten | 1990 | division | Budoverein Dynamo Hoppegarten SC Diana Hoppegarten |
|
|
SC Motor Jena | 1990 | Renaming and re-establishment as e. V. |
TuS Jena |
|
|
SC Karl-Marx-Stadt | 1990 | division | SC Chemnitz LAC Erdgas Chemnitz Ice skating club Chemnitz |
|
|
SC Dynamo Klingenthal | 1990 | Renaming and re-establishment as e. V. |
Klingenthal Police Ski Club |
|
|
SC DHfK Leipzig | 1990 | Start-up as e. V. | SC DHfK Leipzig |
|
|
SC Leipzig | 1990 | division |
VfB Leipzig SC DHfK Leipzig VV Leipzig |
|
|
SG Dynamo Luckenwalde | 1990 | Renaming and re-establishment as e. V. |
1. Luckenwalder SC |
|
|
SC Magdeburg | 1990 | Start-up as e. V. | SC Magdeburg |
|
|
SC Neubrandenburg | 1990 | Start-up as e. V. | SC Neubrandenburg |
| ASK forward Oberhof | 1990 | Renaming and re-establishment as e. V. |
WSV Oberhof 05 | |
|
|
SC tractor Oberwiesenthal | 1990 | Renaming and re-establishment as e. V. |
Oberwiesenthaler SV 1990 |
| SG Dynamo Potsdam | 1990 | Renaming and re-establishment as e. V. |
Potsdam Rowing Society | |
| ASK forward Potsdam | 1990 | Renaming and re-establishment as e. V. |
OSC airship port | |
|
|
SC Empor Rostock | 1990 1999 |
Start-up as e. V. Splitting |
1. LAV Rostock HC Empor Rostock SC Empor Rostock 2000 Diving Club Rostock |
|
|
ASK forward Rostock | 1990 | Renaming and re-establishment as e. V. |
ORC Rostock |
|
|
SC Tractor Schwerin | 1990 | Renaming and re-establishment as e. V. |
Schweriner SC |
|
|
SG Dynamo Weißwasser | 1990 | Renaming and re-establishment as e. V. |
PEV white water |
|
|
SC Motor Zella-Mehlis | 1990 | Start-up as e. V. | SC Motor Zella-Mehlis |
|
|
SG Dynamo Zinnwald | 1990 | Renaming and re-establishment as e. V. |
SWV Altenberg |
In 1990 the GDR sports clubs were dissolved as such. They lost their sponsoring companies and were no longer run full-time. Instead, if they were newly founded, they were given a new legal status as a registered association based on the German model . Some sports clubs were not re-established, but their sections joined other, new clubs. With the SC Berlin-Grünau, the SC Magdeburg, the SC Neubrandenburg, the SC Motor Zella-Mehlis and the SC DHfK Leipzig, only five sports clubs have been named unchanged to this day.
literature
- Hans Joachim Teichler : The competitive sports system of the GDR in the 80s and in the process of the change. Schorndorf 1999, ISBN 3-7780-8961-7 .
Web links
References and footnotes
- ↑ a b SC Rotation Berlin founded . In: Berliner Zeitung . January 16, 1955, p. 3 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p This was not a sports club, but a sports community with sports club-like sponsorship.
- ^ Fischer: First police sports club. In: New Germany . March 22, 1990, accessed February 14, 2013 .