Sclerocactus

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Sclerocactus
Sclerocactus parviflorus typical flower

Sclerocactus parviflorus
typical flower

Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Cactus family (Cactaceae)
Subfamily : Cactoideae
Tribe : Cacteae
Genre : Sclerocactus
Scientific name
Sclerocactus
Britton & Rose
Flowers of Sclerocactus polyancistrus .

Sclerocactus is a genus of plants fromthe cactus family (Cactaceae).

description

Vegetative characteristics

The species of the genus Sclerocactus grow small, mostly singly, but occasionally also sprouting. The spherical to cylindrical, less often depressed spherical shoots are humped or ribbed and thorny. The areoles , which are somewhat elongated beyond the thorns , often have nectar glands . The one to six central spines, which can sometimes be missing, are colored differently. One or more of them are hooked. They are up to 9 inches long. The mostly white or gray, occasionally also darker two to eleven radial spines are straight and up to 6 centimeters long.

blossoms

The short funnel-shaped or bell-shaped flowers that appear at the apex of the shoots open during the day. Your pericarpel and tube are bare.

Fruits and seeds

The egg-shaped, cylindrical, club-shaped or barrel-shaped fruits are usually scaly. They are either fleshy and non-tearing or when ripe they are drying up and then tearing open differently. The remnants of the flowers are persistent. The fruits contain brown or blackish brown, shiny or dull, broadly ovate, keeled or not keeled seeds . The seed coat is little sculpted.

distribution

Sclerocacti are common in the southwestern United States , near the Colorado River and in the shadow of the Rocky Mountains . Their widely scattered occurrences are spread across the states of Arizona , California , Colorado , Nevada , New Mexico and Utah , whose unique ecological niches are the origin for the wealth of variants within the individual species.

Their occurrence is shaped by climatic and regional characteristics. Overlapping of species is possible at some locations. Nevertheless, genetically constructed barriers prevent the common flowering period of Sclerocactus polyancistrus and Sclerocactus nyensis as well as Sclerocactus parviflorus and Sclerocactus wetlandicus .

Systematics

Sclerocactus polyancistrus in Nevada. Young plant in flower.
Sclerocactus mesae-verdae in Colorado. Rare form with pink flowers.
Sclerocactus wetlandicus subsp. ilseae in Utah. With young plants.
Sclerocactus parviflorus subsp. havasupaiensis in the Colorado River region of Arizona. With numerous flowers.
Sclerocactus parviflorus subsp. terrae-canyonae in Utah. With typical hooked central spikes.

The first description of the genus by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Joseph Nelson Rose was published in 1922. The type species of the genus is Echinocactus polyancistrus . According to Fritz Hochstätter, three sections of the genus Sclerocactus are distinguished:

Synonyms of the genus are Echinomastus Britton & Rose (1922), Toumeya Britton & Rose (1922) - nom. illeg., Ancistrocactus Britton & Rose (1923) and Coloradoa Boissev. & C. Davidson (1941).

Fritz Hochstätter regards the species Sclerocactus papyracanthus , Sclerocactus brevihamatus , Sclerocactus scheeri and Sclerocactus uncinatus as not belonging to the genus . He leads Sclerocactus papyracanthus in the monotypic genus Toumeya Britton & Rose (1922), which, however, is a later homonym of the algae genus Toumeya Harv. (1858) is. In 2001, Alexander Borissowitsch Doweld reintroduced the genus Ancistrocactus in a narrow genus description with two species and five subspecies for the other species , but this is not generally recognized.

literature

  • Edward F. Anderson : The Great Cactus Lexicon . Eugen Ulmer KG, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-8001-4573-1 , p. 580-586 .
  • Lyman D. Benson: The Cacti of the United States and Canada . Stanford University Press, Pasadena (CA) 1982.
  • NL Britton , JN Rose : The Cactaceae . Descriptions and Illustrations of Plants of the Cactus Family . tape III . The Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington 1922, p. 212-215 ( online ).
  • G. Frank: Scanning electron microscope images of the Sclerocactus seeds . In: F. Hochstätter : The Genus Sclerocactus . 2005
  • K. Heil, JM Porter: Sclerocactus (Cactaceae): A revision . In: Haseltonia . Volume 2, 1994, pp. 20-46.
  • K. Heil, JM Porter: Sclerocactus (Cactaceae) . In: Flora of North America . 2004, (online) .
  • G. Hentzschel: The morphology of the seeds of Pedio- and Sclerocactus spp. In: F. Hochstätter. At the locations of Pedio- and Sclerocactus . 1989
  • F. Hochstätter: Sclerocactus (Cactaceae) . Database. Synonymized checklist electronically published at fhnavajo.com. 1998.
  • F. Hochstätter: The Genus Sclerocactus (Cactaceae) . 1993-2005
  • F. Hochstätter: The Genus Sclerocactus (Cactaceae) . 2005
  • David Hunt : The New Cactus Lexicon . dh books, Milborne Port 2006, ISBN 0-9538134-4-4 , pp. 259-261 .
  • M. Konnert: Isoenzyme analyzes of Sclerocactus and related genera . In: F. Hochstätter: The Genus Sclerocactus (Cactaceae) . 2005
  • J. Lüthy: Comments on Sclerocactus . In: Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives . Volume 22, 2007, pp. 19-24.
  • R. May: Distribution and Status of Sclerocactus polyancistrus on the Naval Weapons Center-A Survey. Final report . 1982
  • JM Porter, M. Kinney, KD Heil: Relationships between Sclerocactus and Toumeya (Cactaceae) based in chloroplast trnL-F sequences . In: Haseltonia . Volume 7, 2000, pp. 8-23, PDF .
  • JM Porter et al .: An assessment of genetic relationships among Sclerocactus brevispinus, S. wetlandicus, and S. glaucus . US Fish and Wildlife. Unpublished 2010.
  • Vincent J. Tepedino, Terry L. Griswold, William R. Bowlin: Reproductive biology, hybridization, and flower visitors of rare Sclerocactus taxa in Utah's Uintah Basin . In: Western North American Naturalist . Volume 70, number 3, 2010, pp. 377-386, DOI: 10.3398 / 064.070.0310 .
  • D. Woodruff, Lyman Benson: Changes of Status in Sclerocactus . In: Cactus and Succulent Journal . Volume 48, 1976, pp. 131-134.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Edward F. Anderson : The great cactus lexicon . Eugen Ulmer KG, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-8001-4573-1 , p. 580 .
  2. ^ NL Britton , JN Rose : The Cactaceae . Descriptions and Illustrations of Plants of the Cactus Family . tape III . The Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington 1922, p. 212 ( online ).
  3. ↑ Patricia Hernández-Ledesma, Walter G. Berendsohn, Thomas Borsch, Sabine Von Mering, Hossein Akhani, Salvador Arias, Idelfonso Castañeda-Noa, Urs Eggli, Roger Eriksson, Hilda Flores-Olvera, Susy Fuentes-Bazán, Gudrun Kadereit, Cornelia Klak , Nadja Korotkova, Reto Nyffeler, Gilberto Ocampo, Helga Ochoterena, Bengt Oxelman, Richard K. Rabeler, Adriana Sanchez, Boris O. Schlumpberger, Pertti Uotia: A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales . In: Willdenowia . Volume 45, number 3, 2015, pp. 281-383 ( doi: 10.3372 / wi.45.45301 ).
  4. ↑ Alexander B. Doweld, Werner Greuter: Nomenclatural Notes on Ancistrocactus (Cactaceae) . In: Taxon . Volume 50, Number 3, 2001, pp. 875-877 ( JSTOR 1223716 ).
  5. ↑ Alexander B. Doweld: The genus Ancistrocactus (Britton et Rose): phylogenetic relationships and classification . In: Cactus & Co. Volume 5, Number 2, 2001, pp. 60-102.

Web links

Commons : Sclerocactus  - collection of images, videos and audio files