House wren

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House wren
Domestic wren (Troglodytes aedon)

Domestic wren ( Troglodytes aedon )

Systematics
Order : Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination : Songbirds (passeri)
Superfamily : Certhioidea
Family : Wrens (Troglodytidae)
Genre : Troglodytes
Type : House wren
Scientific name
Troglodytes aedon
Vieillot , 1809
House wren feeding.

The domestic wren ( Troglodytes aedon ) is a 11–13 centimeter tall bird species from the family of the wren (Troglodytidae).

description

The house wren, like all representatives of the genus, is round in shape, with a mostly raised tail. There is an indistinct white line over the eyes. The head, wings and back are almost monochrome brown and drawn with fine darker stripes. The throat and chest are light gray and may have black, dark brown, or pink spots on the flanks, tail, and wings. The body weight is around 10 to 12 grams. About 30 subspecies are differentiated.

distribution and habitat

The house wren inhabits semi-open landscapes from Canada to South America , and can also be found in parks and gardens of human settlements. The tropical forms of southern Mexico are sometimes recognized as a distinct species, Troglodytes musculus . The birds of the Falkland Islands today are often considered an endemic species of Troglodytes cobbi . In North America , the birds migrate to the southern part of the United States and Mexico to winter . Several subspecies are distinguished from this species.

Way of life

The house wren feeds mainly on insects and their larvae , but also on spiders and snails . The house wren usually sings during the breeding season, rarely in winter. The representatives at the northern end of the range of the species move south in winter and the representatives of the southernmost populations move north in winter.

Reproduction

The house wren reaches sexual maturity in the first year of life. He is usually monogamous . The breeding season runs from late April to early September. The males of this species occupied their own territory during the breeding season, which is vigorously defended against other male conspecifics. The nests usually 6 to 12, which are equipped with twigs, grass, feathers and cobwebs, the male usually builds in hollow tree stumps. It sits there and attracts interested females with its song. The female lays 4–9 white, pink or red spotted eggs. The breeding business is done by the female alone. After 14–15 days the young hatch and are mainly looked after by the female, the male only helps out occasionally. House wrens are known to destroy the clutches of other nests by pecking the eggs. Females who responded to the supposed song of conspecifics more frequently with their own song in playback experiments subsequently lost fewer eggs from conspecifics. The singing of females in this species is therefore seen as a sign of competition and does not only occur with the males. The young do not leave the nest for the first time until they are around 16 days old.

Subspecies

According to the IOC World Bird List, thirty-two subspecies are known.

  • Troglodytes aedon parkmanii Audubon , 1839 occurs in the southwest and central south of Canada and the west to central area of ​​the USA to northern Mexico .
  • Troglodytes aedon aedon Vieillot , 1809 is widespread in southeastern Canada and the eastern United States.
  • Troglodytes aedon cahooni Brewster , 1888 is widespread from southeast Arizona to central Mexico.
  • Troglodytes aedon brunneicollis Sclater, PL , 1858 is common in central and southern Mexico.
  • Troglodytes aedon intermedius Cabanis , 1861 occurs from southern Mexico to central Costa Rica .
  • Troglodytes aedon peninsularis Nelson , 1901 occurs on the Yucatán Peninsula .
  • Troglodytes aedon beani Ridgway , 1885 occurs on Cozumel .
  • Troglodytes aedon inquietus Baird, SF , 1864 is distributed from the south-west of Costa Rica to the east of Panama .
  • Troglodytes aedon carychrous Wetmore , 1957 occurs on the island of Coiba .
  • Troglodytes aedon pallidipes Phillips, AR , 1986 is common on the Pearl Islands .
  • Troglodytes aedon guadeloupensis ( Cory , 1886) is common in Guadeloupe .
  • Troglodytes aedon rufescens ( Lawrence , 1877) occurs in Dominica .
  • † Troglodytes aedon martinicensis ( Sclater, PL , 1866) occurred in Martinique .
  • Troglodytes aedon mesoleucus ( Sclater, PL , 1876) is common in St. Lucia .
  • Troglodytes aedon musicus ( Lawrence , 1878) is common on St. Vincent .
  • Troglodytes aedon grenadensis ( Lawrence , 1878) occurs on Grenada .
  • Troglodytes aedon tobagensis Lawrence , 1888 is widespread on Tobago .
  • Troglodytes aedon atopus Oberholser , 1904 occurs in northern Colombia .
  • Troglodytes aedon effutitus Wetmore , 1958 is widespread on the Guajira Peninsula and northwestern Venezuela .
  • Troglodytes aedon striatulus ( Lafresnaye , 1845) occurs in western and central Colombia and northwestern Venezuela.
  • Troglodytes aedon columbae Stone , 1899 is common in eastern Colombia and western Venezuela.
  • Troglodytes aedon clarus by Berlepsch & Hartert, E , 1902 occurs in Venezuela in addition to the west, east Colombia and the Guyanas as far as north-east Peru and northern and western Brazil .
  • Troglodytes aedon albicans by Berlepsch & Taczanowski , 1884 is common in southwest Colombia and western Ecuador .
  • Troglodytes aedon musculus Naumann, JF , 1823 is distributed from central and eastern Brazil to northeast Argentina and eastern Paraguay .
  • Troglodytes aedon bonariae Hellmayr , 1919 occurs in the extreme south-east of Brazil, in Uruguay and the north-east of Argentina.
  • Troglodytes aedon puna by Berlepsch & Stolzmann , 1896 is common in Peru and northwest Bolivia .
  • Troglodytes aedon audax Tschudi , 1844 occurs in western Peru.
  • Troglodytes aedon carabayae Chapman & Griscom , 1924 is common in central and southern Peru.
  • Troglodytes aedon tecellatus d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye , 1837 occurs in southwestern Peru and northern Chile .
  • Troglodytes aedon rex by Berlepsch & Leverkühn , 1890 is widespread in central Bolivia over the north of Argentina and the west of Paraguay.
  • Troglodytes aedon atacamensis Hellmayr , 1924 occurs in northern and central Chile.
  • Troglodytes aedon chilensis Lesson, RP , 1830 occurs in southern Chile and southern Argentina.

Etymology and history of research

The first description of the house wren was in 1809 by Louis Pierre Vieillot under the scientific name Troglodytes aëdon . Vieillot believed that Antoine-Simon Le Page du Pratz (1695? –1775) first mentioned in his work Histoire de la Louisiane . He had the type specimen in his own collection. With the species, Vieillot introduced the genus Troglodytes, which was new to science . This name is derived from "trōglē, trōgō κτρωγλη, τρωγω " for "cave, gnaw" and "-dutēs, duō -δυτης, δυω " for "diving, immersing". The species name "aedon" is derived from Greek mythology from Aëdon , which was transformed into a nightingale . So "aēdōn, aēdonos αηδων, αηδονος " also means "nightingale". “Parkmanii” was given in honor of the doctor and businessman George Parkman (1791–1849), “cahooni” in honor of John Cyrus Cahoon (1863–1891) and “beani” in honor of Tarleton Hoffman Bean (1846–1917). "Guadeloupensis" refers to Guadeloupe, "martinicensis" to Martinique, "grenadensis" to Grenada, "tobagensis" to Tobago, "columbae" to Colombia, "bonariae" to Buenos Aires , "puna" to the puna "carabayae" to the Carabaya province , "atacamensis" on the Región de Atacama and "chilensis" on Chile. "Rex, regis" stands for "king" from "regere" for "to rule". The name could have been chosen because of the reddish color or the larger body size compared to the nominate form . "Brunneicollis" is a Latin word formation from "brunneus, brunius" for "-collis, collum" for "-throat, -nackig, neck", "intermedius" from "inter" for "in between, in the middle" and "medius" for " Middle "," peninsularis "from" paene "for" almost "and" insula "for" island "," pallidipes "from" pallidus, pallere "for" pale, pale "and" pes, pedis "for" foot "and "Inquietus" from "in-" for "not" and "quietus, quiet, quies, quietis" for "calm, calm, quiet". »Carychrous« has its origin in »caryon καρυον « for »walnut« and »chroa, chroas χροα, χροας « for »appearance, color«, »mesoleucus« in »mesos μεσος « for »half, middle« and »leukos λευκος « for »white«, »atopus« in »a- α- « for »not« and »topos τοπος « for »place, position« »Rufescens« is derived from the Latin »rufescens, rufescentis, rufescere, rufus« for »reddish, to be red, red "from," effutitus "from" effutitius, effutire "for" babbling, chattering, babbling "from," striatulus "from" striatus, striare, stria "for" streaked, streaked, furrow "," clarus "for “Clear, bright”, “albicans” from “albicare, albus” for “white, white”, “musculus” from “mus, muris” for “mouse” and “audax” from “audacis, audere” for “daring, dare". Finally, »musicus« is the Latin word for »musical« or from the Greek »mousikos, mousikē μουσικος, μουσικη « for »musical, harmonic, music« and »tecellatus, tessella tessera« for »mosaic-like, mosaic stones, squares« and » tessares τεσσαρες «for» four «.

Hazards and protective measures

Although this species is still very common overall and is classified by the IUCN as ( Least Concern ) not endangered, the subspecies on the islands of Martinique and Guadeloupe ( Critically Endangered ) are threatened with extinction or ( Extinct ) are already extinct.

literature

  • John James Audubon: Ornithological biography, or an account of the habits of the birds of the United States of America; accompanied by descriptions of the objects represented in the work entitled The Birds of America, and interspersed with delineations of American scenery and manners . tape 5 . Adam Black, Edinburgh 1839 ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1831-1839).
  • Spencer Fullerton Baird: Review of American birds, in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution . tape 1 . Smithsonian Institution, Washington 1864 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Hans Hermann Carl Ludwig von Berlepsch, Władysław Taczanowski: List of oiseaux receuillis par MM. Stolzmaun et Siemiradzki dans l'Ecuadeur occidental . In: Proceedings of Scientific Meeting of the Zoological Society of London for the Year 1883 . 1884, p. 536-577 ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1883).
  • Hans Hermann Carl Ludwig von Berlepsch, Paul Leverkühn: Studies about some South American birds together with descriptions of new species . In: Ornis . tape 6 , no. 1 , 1890, p. 1-32 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Hans Hermann Carl Ludwig von Berlepsch, Jan Sztolcman, John Gerrard Keulemans: On the Ornithological Research of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru . In: Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London for the Year 1896 . tape 12 , no. 3 , 1896, p. 322-388 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Hans Hermann Carl Ludwig von Berlepsch, Ernst Hartert: On the Birds of the Orinoco region . In: Novitates Zoologicae . tape 9 , no. 1 , 1902, pp. 1-135 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • William Brewster: Descriptions of Supposed New Birds from Lower California, Sonora, and Chihuahua, Mexico, and the Bahamas . In: The Auk . tape 5 , no. 1 , 1888, p. 83–95 (English, sora.unm.edu [PDF; 681 kB ]).
  • Jean Louis Cabanis : Overview of the birds of Costa Rica in the Berlin Museum . In: Journal of Ornithology . tape 8 , no. 48 , 1861, pp. 401-416 ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1860).
  • Frank Michler Chapman, Ludlow Griscom: The house wrens of the genus Troglodytes . In: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History . tape 50 , no. 5 , 1924, pp. 279–304 ( digitallibrary.amnh.org [PDF; 2.8 MB ]).
  • Charles Barney Cory: Descriptions of New Species of Birds from the West Indies . In: The Auk . tape 3 , no. 3 , 1886, p. 381–382 (English, sora.unm.edu [PDF; 77 kB ]).
  • Edward Clive Dickinson , Leslie K. Overstreet, Robert Jack Dowsett, Murray Duncan Bruce: Priority! The Dating of Scientific Names in Ornithology . Aves Press Limited, Northampton 2012, ISBN 978-0-9568611-1-5 .
  • Jiří Felix (ed.), Alena Čepická: America's fauna in color. Translated from the Czech by Jaroslav Konšal. Karl Müller Verlag, Erlangen 1989, pp. 244–245.
  • Carl Eduard Hellmayr: Mr. CE Hellmayr described two new neotropical bird forms as follows . In: Anzeiger der Ornithologische Gesellschaft Bayerns . tape 1 , no. 1 , 1919, p. 2–3 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
  • Carl Eduard Hellmayr: New birds from Chile . In: Field Museum Natural History Publications (=  Zoological Series ). tape 12 , no. 5 , 1924, pp. 69-75 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Frédéric de Lafresnaye: Description of quelques oiseaux nouveaux . In: Revue Zoologique par La Société Cuvierienne . tape 8 , 1845, p. 337-342 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Cara Ann Krieg, Thomas Getty: Not just for males: females use song against male and female rivals in a temperate zone songbird . In: Animal Behavior . tape 113 , 2016, p. 39-47 , doi : 10.1016 / j.anbehav.2015.12.019 .
  • George Newbold Lawrence: Descriptions of New Species of Birds from the Island of Dominica . In: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences . tape 1 , 1877, p. 46-49 ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1877-1880).
  • George Newbold Lawrence: Descriptions of Seven New Species of Birds from the Island of St. Vincent, West Indies . In: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences . tape 1 , 1878, p. 146-152 ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1877-1880a).
  • George Newbold Lawrence: Descriptions of Supposed New Species of Birds from the Islands of Grenada and Dominica, West Indies . In: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences . tape 1 , 1878, p. 160-163 ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1877-1880b).
  • George Newbold Lawrence: Description of a New Species of Wren from the Island of Tobago, West Indies . In: The Auk . tape 5 , no. 4 , 1888, p. 404 (English, sora.unm.edu [PDF; 37 kB ]).
  • René Primevère Lesson in Prosper Garnot, René Primevère Lesson: Voyage autour du monde exécuté par Ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825, sous le ministère et conformément aux instructions de SEM Marquis de Clermont-Tonnerre, ministre de la marine; et publié sou les auspices de son excellence Mgr le Cte ​​de Chabrol, ministre de la Marine et des colonies, par ML Dupppery, capitaine de frégate. chevalier de Saint-Louis et membre de la legion d'honaire, commandant de l'expédition (=  zoology . Volume 1 , no. 2 ). Arthus-Bertrand, Paris 1830 ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1826-1830).
  • Edward William Nelson: Descriptions of a new genus and eleven new species and subspecies of birds from Mexico . In: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington . tape 14 , 25 September 1901, pp. 169-175 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Johann Friedrich Naumann: Natural history of the birds in Germany, designed after some experience. Thoroughly reworked, systematically arranged, very multiplied, completed, and with pictures of all German birds hand drawn and engraved according to nature, along with their main differences . tape 3 . Ernst Fleischer, Leipzig 1823 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Harry Church Oberholser : A review of the wrens of the genus Troglodytes . In: Proceedings of The United States National Museum . tape 27 , no. 1354 , 1904, pp. 197-210 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Alcide Dessalines d'Orbigny, Frédéric de Lafresnaye: Synopsis Avium from Alcide d'Orbigny, in ejus per Americam meridionalem itinere, collectarum et from ioso viatore necon A de Lefrasnaye in ordine redactarum . In: Magasin de zoologie, Journal destiné a établir une coorespondance entre les zoologistes de tous les pays, et a leur faciliter les moyens de publier les espèces nouvelles ou peu connus qu'ils possèdent . tape 7 , Classe II, 1837, pp. 1-88 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Christopher M. Perrins (Ed.): The FSVO encyclopedia birds of the world. Translated from the English by Einhard Bezzel. BLV, Munich / Vienna / Zurich 2004, ISBN 978-3-405-16682-3 , pp. 542-543 (title of the English original edition: The New Encyclopedia Of Birds. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2003).
  • Allan Robert Phillips: The known birds of North and Middle America. Distributions and Variation, Migrations, Changes, Hybrids, etc. 1 (Hirundinidae to Mimidae; Certhiidae). Roberts Rinehart Publisher, Denver 1986, ISBN 0-9617402-0-5 .
  • Robert Ridgway: Descriptions of a some new birds from Cozumel Island, Yucatan . In: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington . tape 3 , 1885, p. 21-24 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Philip Lutley Sclater: On a Collection of Birds received by M. Auguste Sallé from Oaxaca in Southern Mexico . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 26 , 1858, pp. 294-305 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Philip Lutley Sclater: Descriptions of six new species of American Oscines . In: Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London of the Year 1866 . 1866, p. 320-324 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Philip Lutley Sclater: On some additional Species of Birds from St. Lucia, West Indies . In: Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London of the Year 1876 . 1876, p. 13-14 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Witmer Stone: On a collection of birds from the vicinity of Bogota, with a review of the South American species of Speotypoand Troglodytes . In: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia . tape 51 , 1899, pp. 302-313 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Johann Jakob von Tschudi: Avium conspectus quae in Republica Peruana reperiuntur et pleraeque observatae vel collectae sunt in itinere . In: Archives for Natural History . tape 10 , no. 1 , 1844, pp. 262-317 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Louis Pierre Vieillot: Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amérique Septentrionale, contenant un grand nombre d'espèces décrites ou figurées pour la première fois . 2 (delivery 18). Chez Desray, Paris 1809 ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1807-1809).
  • Alexander Wetmore: The birds of Isla Coiba, Panamà . In: Smithsonian miscellaneous collections . tape 134 , no. 9 , 1957, pp. 1-105 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Alexander Wetmore: Additional subspecies of birds from Colombia . In: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington . tape 71 , April 11, 1958, pp. 1-4 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Philip Whitfield (ed.): The great world empire of the animals. Planet Medien AG, Zug 1997, ISBN 3-8247-8614-1 , pp. 328-329.

Web links

Commons : Domestic Wren ( Troglodytes aedon )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ CA Krieg, T. Getty: Not just for males: females use song against male and female rivals in a temperate zone songbird . In: Animal Behavior . tape 113 , 2016, p. 39-47 , doi : 10.1016 / j.anbehav.2015.12.019 .
  2. ↑ IOC World Bird List Dapple-throats, sugarbirds, fairy-bluebirds, kinglets, hyliotas, wrens, gnatcatchers
  3. ^ A b John James Audubon (1839), p. 310.
  4. ↑ a b Louis Pierre Vieillot, pp. 52–56, plate 107.
  5. ↑ a b William Brewster (1888), pp. 94-95.
  6. ^ Philip Lutley Sclater (1858), pp. 297-298.
  7. ^ Jean Louis Cabanis (1861), p. 407.
  8. ^ Edward William Nelson (1901), p. 174.
  9. ^ A b Robert Ridgway (1885), p. 21.
  10. ^ Spencer Fullerton Baird (1864), p. 143.
  11. ↑ Alexander Wetmore (1957), p. 76.
  12. ^ Allan Robert Phillips (1986), p. 145.
  13. ^ A b Charles Barney Cory (1958), pp. 381-382.
  14. ↑ George Newbold Lawrence (1877), p. 47.
  15. ^ A b Philip Lutley Sclater (1866), p. 321.
  16. ^ Philip Lutley Sclater (1876), p. 14.
  17. ↑ George Newbold Lawrence (1878a), p. 148.
  18. ↑ a b George Newbold Lawrence (1878b), p. 161.
  19. ↑ a b George Newbold Lawrence (1888), p. 404.
  20. ^ Harry Church Oberholser (1904), p. 207.
  21. ↑ Alexander Wetmore (1958), p. 2.
  22. ↑ Frédéric de Lafresnaye (1845), p. 338.
  23. ↑ a b Witmer Stone (1899), p. 308.
  24. ^ Hans Hermann Carl Ludwig von Berlepsch a. a. (1902), pp. 8-9.
  25. ^ Hans Hermann Carl Ludwig von Berlepsch a. a. (1884), p. 540.
  26. ↑ Johann Friedrich Naumann (1823), table on p. 724.
  27. ^ A b Carl Eduard Hellmayr (1919), p. 2.
  28. ^ A b Hans Hermann Carl Ludwig von Berlepsch u. a. (1896), p. 329.
  29. ↑ Johann Jakob von Tschudi (1844), p. 282.
  30. ↑ a b Frank Michler Chapman u. a. (1924), p. 296.
  31. ↑ Alcide Dessalines d'Orbigny u. a. (1837), p. 25.
  32. ^ Hans Hermann Carl Ludwig von Berlepsch a. a. (1890), p. 6.
  33. ^ A b Carl Eduard Hellmayr (1924), p. 74.
  34. ↑ a b René Primevère Lesson (1830), p. 665.
  35. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 391.
  36. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 32.
  37. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 333.
  38. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 78.
  39. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 206.
  40. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 296.
  41. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 289.
  42. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 205.
  43. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 92.
  44. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 252.
  45. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 58.
  46. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 341.
  47. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 143.
  48. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 367.
  49. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 110.
  50. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 38.
  51. ↑ a b James A. Jobling, p. 262.
  52. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 60.
  53. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 380.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Vieillot categorized the house wren ( Troglodytes aedon ) and the reed warbler ( Acrocephalus arundinaceus ) in the new genus.
  2. ↑ For the history of the publication see Edward Clive Dickinson u. a. P. 157.