District of Opava

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District of Opava 1945
Administrative map of the Reichsgau Sudetenland

The district of Troppau was a regional body in the Greater German Reich from 1938 to 1945 .

geography

The Troppauer country (also called Oppaland) is flanked by the Oder tributary Oppa in the north, Ostrava basin in the east, or mountains in the south and the mountain range Lower dies in the West. The Mohra River crosses the area from south to north . The terrain gradually slopes down from the southwest towards the Oppa , the highest mountain Hurka at 570 meters was in the southwestern tip of the district near the town of Morawitz. The landscape was shaped by wetlands long since the Oppa and extensive beech forests in the southeast.

Infrastructure

To the district of Troppau belonged a city ( Wigstadtl ) and 72 communities. The city of Opava , whose name the district bore, was spun off as a city district, but housed the district administration. On May 17, 1939 there were 47,721 inhabitants in the district, of whom 393 were Protestants, 46,676 Catholics, 165 other Christians, 11 Jews. The district was served by several railway lines. The route Schönbrunn - Troppau - Ziegenhals branched off from the northern Vienna - Cracow railway that passed east of the district and ran through the entire district. Branch lines branched off from it to Grätz and the neighboring Bennisch. A line led to Prussian Silesia via Opava. Economic life was strongly influenced by the independent city of Troppau, located outside the district, with its numerous industrial companies. In the district itself, agriculture and forestry predominated. The court structure provided for a district court in Wigstadtl, the regional court in Troppau and the higher regional court in Leitmeritz .

history

During the last Ice Age (Young Holocene around 6th – 10th century) there was a castle complex of the Slavic tribe of Golasitzen near Kreuzendorf . At the end of the 12th century, the Piast Duke Heinrich I settled craftsmen, farmers, miners and merchants from the German areas of Franconia, Thuringia and Northern Saxony. Until 1675 the Troppauer Land was ruled by the Piast dynasty as a duchy, but in 1327 it came under Bohemian suzerainty. After Bohemia was taken over by the Habsburgs in 1526, it was gradually assigned to Silesia, which was finally sealed with the extinction of the Piasts in 1675. After the First Silesian War , the Duchy of Opava became part of Austrian Silesia in 1742 . After the introduction of the Austrian constitution of 1849, the Political District of Opava was formed in what is now the Crown Land of Austrian Silesia (in Czech politický okres Opava ). He came to independent Czechoslovakia in 1918 .

German Empire

As a result of the Munich Agreement , the German district of Troppau was formed on November 20, 1938, with the city of Troppau being spun off as an urban district. The district was assigned to the Reichsgau Sudetenland formed on April 15, 1939 and the administrative district of Opava . At the same time, some border corrections were carried out, as a result of which the communities Gilschwitz, Jaktar and Katharein were incorporated into Opava, the communities Groß Herrlitz and Zattig came from the district of Freudenthal to the district of Opava, while the communities of the judicial district of Odrau were assigned to the district of Neu Titschein. In 1943 the communities Branka, Kailowitz and Podoli were incorporated into the community of Grätz. Government Councilor Dr. Haucke was appointed.

Czechoslovakia / Czech Republic

After the end of the Second World War , the district of Opava came back to Czechoslovakia, and the German population, which had been predominant until then, was expelled .

District administrators

1939–1945: Haucke

Local constitution

On the day before the formal incorporation into the German Reich , namely on November 20, 1938, all municipalities were subject to the German municipal code of January 30, 1935, which provided for the implementation of the Führer principle at the municipal level. From then on, the terms customary in the previous territory of the Reich were used, namely instead:

  • Local parish: Municipality,
  • Market town: market,
  • Municipality: City,
  • Political district: District.

cities and communes

(Population 1939)

city

Communities

  • Alt Lublitz (411)
  • Alt Zechsdorf (432)
  • Benkowitz (385)
  • Bohutschowitz (467)
  • Branka (820)
  • Briesau (372)
  • Budischowitz (441)
  • Chwalkowitz (591)
  • Damadrau (265)
  • Dirschkowitz (133)
  • Dittersdorf (742)
  • Dorfteschen (602)
  • Ellgoth (612)
  • Liberty Pig (2312)
  • Glomnitz (661)
  • Graetz (580)
  • Gross Glockersdorf (1150)
  • Gross Herrlitz (991)
  • Hirschdorf (145)
  • Hrabin (796)
  • Illeschowitz (306)
  • Jaeschkowitz (425)
  • Jamnitz (309)
  • Jantsch (220)
  • Jarkowitz (208)
  • Kailowitz (293)
  • Kamenz (195)
  • Klein Glockersdorf (219)
  • Koehlerdorf (333)
  • Komorau (1041)
  • Kreuzberg (248)
  • Kreuzendorf (797)
  • Leitersdorf (762)
  • Lippin (140)
  • Lodenitz (557)
  • Markersdorf (446)
  • Meltsch (870)
  • Milostowitz (363)
  • Mladetzko (390)
  • Mokrolasetz (999)
  • Morawitz (524)
  • Neplachowitz (735)
  • Neuhof (226)
  • New Lublitz (413)
  • Neusedlitz (559)
  • New Zechsdorf (404)
  • Niklowitz (358)
  • Nitschenau (195)
  • Oehlhütten (236)
  • Oppahof (246)
  • Ottendorf (1178)
  • Philippsdorf (157)
  • Podoly (1646)
  • Podwihof (479)
  • Radun (800)
  • Ratkau (965)
  • Slack (1340)
  • Schoenstein (1087)
  • Schwansdorf (487)
  • Skrochowitz (469)
  • Slatnik (344)
  • Stablowitz (592)
  • Szczecin (1044)
  • Stiebrowitz (879)
  • Stremplowitz (138)
  • Sucholasetz (1173)
  • Tabor (194)
  • Deep Bottom (749)
  • Screen (494)
  • Waldolbersdorf (288)
  • Wawrowitz (907)
  • Wlastowitz (229)
  • Wrschowitz (624)
  • Zattig (482)
  • Zimrowitz (629)

literature

  • Gottlieb Biermann : History of the Duchies of Troppau and Jägerndorf . Karl Prochaska, Teschen 1874.
  • Elmar Seidl: The Troppauer Land between the five southern borders of Silesia. Basics of political and territorial history up to the middle of the 19th century. Gebr. Mann, Berlin 1992 (= publications of the Haus Oberschlesien Foundation: regional history series: Volume 1).
  • Josef Bartoš, Jindřich Schulz, Miloš Trapl. Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960. Sv. 14, okresy: Opava, Bílovec, Nový Jičín . Vydavatelství Univerzity Palackého, Olomouc 1995.
  • Jiří Gill et al. Opavsko: průvodce: příroda, historie, památky, informace . AVE - Informační centrum Opavska, Opava 1997.
  • Radim Lokoč; Ondřej Dovala; Petr Chroust; Miroslav Přasličák et al. Ovoce Opavska, Krnovska a Osoblažska . Místní akční skupina Opavsko, Místní akční skupina Rozvoj Krnovska, Opava 2011.
  • Jaromír Balla. Mezi Opavou a Krnovem: Velké putování Opavskou pahorkatinou z Opavy do Krnova . Advertis, Krnov 2012.

See also

Web links