Březová u Vítkova

Březová
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Moravskoslezský kraj
District :	Opava
Area :	3889 ha
Geographic location :	49 ° 47 '  N , 17 ° 52'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 47 '30 "  N , 17 ° 51' 56"  E
Height:	525  m nm
Residents :	1,391 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code :	747 44
License plate :	T
traffic
Street:	Hradec nad Moravicí - Fulnek
structure
Status:	Městys
Districts:	5
administration
Mayor :	Pavel Schneider (as of 2019)
Address:	Březová 106 747 44 Březová
Municipality number:	506451

Main road

ring

St. Nicholas Church

Statue of St. John of Nepomuk

Březová (German Briesau ) is a minority in the Czech Republic . It is located nine kilometers south of Hradec nad Moravicí and belongs to the Okres Opava .

geography

Březová is located on a hill in the Vítkovská vrchovina ( Wigstadtler Berge ). The Gručovka and Husí potok ( Steinbach ) brooks rise to the northeast of the town and flow around it in large areas in the east and west. In the east rises the Příčnice (506 m nm), southwest of the Tršlovec (531 m nm), in the west of the Kamenný vrch (518 m nm) and northwest of the Na Koutech (533 m nm). On the western edge of the town, the state road I / 57 runs between Hradec nad Moravicí and Fulnek . The Moravice Nature Park extends to the west.

Neighboring towns are Lesní Albrechtice and Hradečná in the north, Bleška, Skřipov , Hrabství and Za Nivou in the Northeast, Leskovec and Požaha the east, Horní Nový Dvůr and Gručovice the southeast, Vrchy and Jančí in the south, Dršlovec, Nové Vrbno and Větřkovice in the southwest, Prostřední Dvůr , Veselka and Nýtek in the west and Radkov and Jelenice in the northwest.

history

The first documentary mention of the still uninhabited area took place in the autumn of 1238, when the Moravian Margrave Přemysl left the area to his servant Semislav von Morkovice for loyal service. The year 1238 is considered to be the founding year of Brzezow , the area was henceforth called Semislavův újezd . Later, the extensive lands were transferred to the canony in Doubravník and from there after 1260 to the Benedictine monastery in Třebíč . At the end of the 13th century who founded the Benedictine the provost Brzezow a convent and the parish church of St. Nicholas. About five friars from Třebíč lived in the convent, one of whom was a pastor. The oldest document of the provost's office dates from 1298 and concerns the establishment of Větřkovice by provost Lupus and locator Walter. Between 1296 and 1360, the provost pledged parts of the Semislavův újezd to the Olomouc bishopric and the Olomouc cathedral chapter. With the support of Bishop Theoderich von Neuhaus , the Benedictines began active colonization activities. Dolejší Kunčice (1301), Vlkovice (1306), Fojtovice , Jančí , Lesní Albrechtice , Valtéřovice and, most recently, Gručovice and Goldzeif were among the local foundations under Leobschützer law . In 1412 Březová had grown into an important town with a parish, church and fairs.

When the Hussites invaded northern Moravia at the beginning of 1427, the monastery and the church were destroyed; the provost's office went out. At the end of February 1428, strong Hussite groups marched into the area again, at which time the former monastery was already in ruins. The goods of the provost were divided between the lords of Grätz and Fulnek . Jan (VI.) Von Krawarn auf Titschein and Fulnek acquired Gručovice, Dolejší Kunčice, Vlkovice and the desert Goldzejf; his father-in-law, the Opava Duke Přemysl I received the town of Březová and the villages of Jančí, Fojtovice, Leskovec, Lesní Albrechtice and Větřkovice. The church was probably rebuilt after the end of the Hussite Wars . In 1569 Březová was designated as a town with the right to a fair and its own jurisdiction. Březová did not recover from the complete destruction by Swedish troops during the Thirty Years' War and from then on remained a village. The old wooden church was still in ruins in 1672; the construction of a new stone church took place in 1692 at the instigation of Georg Christoph von Proskau, who also had the burnt down rectory renovated in 1691. Karl Alois Prince Lichnowsky had the rectory renovated at the beginning of the 19th century. In the course of time the place was called Briesau or Briesym .

In 1834 the village of Briesau or Březowa on Fulnecker Straße consisted of 52 predominantly wooden houses in which 354 people lived. The main sources of income were agriculture and animal husbandry. The village had a parish church, an vomiting facility and a school. The pastor was at the same time dean of the Grätzer deanery and had a cooperator . Briesau was the parish for Dittersdorf , Groitsch , Hirschdorf , Jantsch , Bohemian-Markersdorf ( Moravský Leskovec ), German-Markersdorf ( Německý Leskovec ) and Wald Olbersdorf . Until the middle of the 19th century Briesau remained subject to the minority Grätz.

After the abolition of patrimonial Březová / Briesau formed a community in the judicial district of Wigstadtl from 1849 . The church was enlarged between 1862 and 1864. In 1864 a fire broke out in the vomiting room, which destroyed twelve houses and the school. From 1869 Briesau belonged to the Troppau district. At that time the village had 356 inhabitants and consisted of 53 houses. The new school was completed in 1870. In 1900 there were 376 people in Briesau , in 1910 there were 381. In 1930 Briesau consisted of 71 houses and had 384 inhabitants; In 1939 there were 372. After the Munich Agreement , the mostly Lachish-speaking community was assigned to the German Reich in 1938 and until 1945 belonged to the district of Troppau . Pastor Jan Valerián, who had worked in Briesau since 1939 , was arrested by the Gestapo in January 1945 on the basis of a report on foreign radio and taken to the Theresienstadt police prison , where he died of diphtheria in the prison hospital on March 30, 1945 . Since the second half of January 1945, refugee groups and Soviet prisoners of war guarded by dogs by the SS have been roaming the village; four deceased Russians were buried in the cemetery. On April 29, 1945, German tanks set up a combat position in Briesau , which was shelled by the Red Army from Markersdorf. The battle over Briesau lasted the whole next day, and on the night of May 1st the Red Army took the village. On May 1, 1945, 402 people lived in Briesau . The village was without electricity or telephone connection, the church, the school and a number of farms were partially shot to death; the material damage amounted to more than 4 million Kčs. After the end of the Second World War, the community returned to Czechoslovakia and the German-speaking minority was expelled . In 1949, Březová was assigned to the newly formed Okres Vítkov, which was repealed in the 1960 territorial reform. In 1950 the village had 284 inhabitants. On January 1, 1977 Gručovice, Jančí, Leskovec and Lesní Albrechtice were incorporated. Březová has had a coat of arms and a banner since 1997. In the 2001 census there were 1294 people in the 339 houses in the municipality, 574 in Březová (110 houses), 99 in Gručovice (39 houses), 143 in Jančí (51 houses), 271 in Leskovec (77 houses) and 207 in Lesní Albrechtice (62 houses). On October 22, 2018, Březová was promoted to Městys .

Community structure

The community Březová consists of the districts Březová ( Briesau ), Gručovice ( Groitsch ), Jančí ( Jantsch ), Leskovec ( Markersdorf ) and Lesní Albrechtice ( Waldolbersdorf ). Březová also includes the Albrechtický Mlýn ( Olbersdorf Mill ), Bleška ( Bleschka ), Bukovina ( Bukowina ), Hrádečná ( Hradeczna ) and Mostky layers.

The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Březová u Vítkova, Gručovice, Jančí, Leskovec u Vítkova and Lesní Albrechtice.

Attractions

• Church of St. Nikolaus, built in 1692. It was given its current appearance during the renovation and expansion between 1862 and 1864.
• Linden tree next to the church, planted in 1698
• Statue of St. John of Nepomuk

literature

• Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2005 , part 1, p. 728

Web links

Commons : Březová (Opava District)  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• History of Březová

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Obec Březová: Podrobné informace , uir.cz
2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
3. ↑ Faustin Ens : The Oppaland or the Opava district, according to its historical, natural history, civic and local peculiarities. Volume 3: Description of the Oppaland and its inhabitants in general . Vienna 1836, pp. 253-254
4. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. District of Troppau. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
5. ↑ Části obcí , uir.cz
6. ↑ Katastrální území , uir.cz