Tychowo (Sławno)

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Tychowo (German name until 1937: Wendisch Tychow , then: Tychow ) is a village in the Polish West Pomeranian Voivodeship and belongs to the rural community of Sławno ( Schlawe ) in the Sławno district .

Geographical location

Tychow is nine kilometers southeast of the district town of Sławno ( Schlawe ) on Voivodeship Road No. 209 (Sławno -) Warszkowo ( Old Warschow ) - Suchorze ( Zuckers ) - Kołczygłowy ( Old Kolziglow ) - Bytów ( Bütow ). The nearest train station is Sławno on the Berlin - Stettin - Köslin - Stolp - Danzig and Darłowo ( Rügenwalde ) - Bytów ( Bütow ) railway lines . In the village, a side road branches off via Słonowice ( Groß Schlönwitz ) to Słupsk ( Stolp ), which is 25 kilometers away.

The eastern outskirts of Tychowo is also the border between the districts of Sławno and Słupsk and the West Pomeranian and Pomeranian Voivodeships . On the northern part, a slight ridge stretches from west to east, the highest point of which is the Chropa Wiec ( Rauher Berg ) at 58 meters . In the southwest and south, Tychowo borders the Wieprza ( Wipper ).

Place name

The place name Tychowo or (Wendish) Tychow comes from Wendish and means "calm", "silence". Formerly also called Tichowe and Tichow , but then Wendisch Tychow to differentiate between Groß Tychow (Polish: Tychowo) and Woldisch Tychow (Polish: Tychówko), both of which were in the Belgard district (Tychówko is now in the powiat Świdwiński ( Schivelbein )). From December 29, 1937, Wendisch Tychow was only called Tychow.

Local history

The area around Schlawe (Polish: Sławno) was settled or temporarily inhabited as early as 4000 years before Christ, as evidenced for Tychow urn finds and graves on Rauhen Berg (Chropa Wiec). The first documentary mention comes from the year 1229, when Duke Barnim I confirmed the possession of Wendisch Tychow to the Order of St. John . After the Order of St. John had given up its property to Schlawe, the fief went to the von Bonin family (1409: " Hennynk Bonyn ", 1453: " Teslaf Bonin to Tichowe "). Due to an exchange contract between Duke Bogislaw X. and Chancellor Jürgen von Kleist, the place came into the possession of von Kleist in 1509 and remained so until 1945.

In 1792 a severe epidemic struck the place. 171 people fell ill and nine children died. In 1840 a brick factory was built, from whose products two forest workers 'houses in Aalgaten (Wodnica), the gardener's house, the village jug, ten farm workers' duplexes, the distillery were built and the tower of the church was renovated. In 1911 the so-called Mittelhof burned down in the village and was replaced by two new houses for five families.

In 1939, 593 inhabitants lived in 152 households in the 2670.5 hectare community. There were 17 farms in Tychow and 28 farms over ten hectares . The manor had a total size of 1976 hectares. There was an inn in the village, a grocery store with a bakery, a village blacksmith's shop, three tailors' shops, a shoemaker's shop, a post office and a registry office. The last mayor was Reinhold Klatt.

On March 7, 1945 most of the villagers set out to flee to Stolpmünde (Polish: Ustka). The trek only came to Thyn (Tyń) when it got into the Red Army advancing from Stolp (Słupsk) and was only able to escape to Tychow with great losses. The Soviet troops had already done a lot of damage here - robbed, looted and murdered.

Tychow came under Polish administration, and the German population was removed from the site sold . On May 4, 1946, this included Ewald Graf von Kleist, who was able to hold out in Tychow until the end and who had taken on pastoral matters as a replacement for the pastor. Tychow was under the name Tychowo a district of Gmina Sławno in Powiat Sławieński.

Local division until 1945

Before 1945 Tychow had ten residential spaces or localities:

  1. Aalkaten (Polish: Wodnica), two kilometers southeast of the village, two semi-detached houses for forest workers
  2. Eduardsruh (Rozdałowo), Vorwerk , two kilometers north of the village on the border with New Warschow (Warszkówko), named after the builder Heinrich Eduard Erdmann von Kleist (1789–1856)
  3. Erdmannshof (Komorze), Gutsvorwerk, one kilometer west of the village in the Großer Kuhmoor , formerly peat cutting for burning purposes, also named after Heinrich Eduard Erdmann von Kleist
  4. Grünhof (Wrzoski), settlement 1.5 kilometers southeast of the village on today's voivodship road 209 to Zollbrück (Korzybie), built around 1850, five farms
  5. Niedermühle (Mąciwoda), originally a mill on the Mühlenbach 800 meters south of the village, then an estate forestry and tree nursery, next to it a fairground
  6. Poggenkaten (Bagno), six farms
  7. Scheidelbach , a farm established in 1865/67 on the border with Ziegnitz (Ściegnica)
  8. Seehof (Klesno), 1772 from royal grace funds applied Vorwerk at today's provincial road 209 to Zollbrück (Korzybie) to the Wipper weirs, two kilometers southwest of the village, Gutschäferei
  9. Sigurdshof (Waszkowo), former Mühlenvorwerk on today's Voivodschaftsstrasse 209, 2.5 kilometers southeast of the village, a side estate, in whose manor house in 1940/1941 the illegal preachers' seminar of the Confessing Church under Dietrich Bonhoeffer worked
  10. Trift (Drewno), settlement south of the village between Poggenkaten and Niedermühle, three farms

church

Parish

The parish of Tychow and its Vorwerke formed a parish with the branch parish Notzkow (Polish: Noskowo) . The population of the parish was Protestant . The parish had a farm that was always leased.

Patron of the church was the respective owner of the goods Tychow and Notzkow, last before 1945 it was Rittmeister a. D. Ewald Graf von Kleist (Tychow) and Countess Zitzewitz ( Zitzewitz , for Noskow). The parish had a total of 1430 parishioners in 1940, 780 of whom lived in the parish village and 650 in the branch.

Until 1945 (Wendisch) Tychow belonged to the church district Schlawe of the ecclesiastical province of Pomerania in the church of the Old Prussian Union . Today Tychowo is in the parish of Koszalin ( Köslin ) in the diocese of Pomerania-Greater Poland in the Polish Evangelical-Augsburg Church .

Since 1945, most of the residents of Tychowo have been Roman Catholic . The village is now a branch parish of the Parochie (Parafia) Słonowice ( Groß Schlönwitz ) in the deanery Sławno in the diocese of Köslin-Kolberg of the Catholic Church in Poland .

Parish church

Church in Tychowo

The Tychower Church, which is located on a small elevation in the middle of the village, is a brick building on a base made of field stones . It was started in 1282/84, but was largely built in the 14th century. On the tower there are late Gothic diamond patterns made of dark glazed bricks. A semicircular sacristy was added to the polygonal choir . In the second half of the 19th century, a transept intended for the estate was added to the north side of the ship.

The church has had a pulpit altar since the Reformation . There used to be two epitaphs for Colonel von Kleist and Georg Ewald von Kleist from the 18th century on the walls .

After 1945 the Tychower Church was expropriated in favor of the Catholic Church. It was consecrated again on October 20, 1958 and was given the name MB Królowej Polski (Mother of God, Queen of Poland).

Pastor until 1945

  1. Matthias Lübbecke, around 1550
  2. Georg Glaffe, 1603–?
  3. Petrus Kirchovius, 1652–1657
  4. Matthäus Vanselow, 1658–1685
  5. Markus Antonius Schmidt (forging), 1687–1694
  6. Johann Heinrich Vanselow (son of Matthäus Vanselow), 1694–1716
  7. Jakob Ephraim Neumann, 1717–1743
  8. Gottfried Salomon Hartsch, 1744–1763
  9. Johann Christoph Dorsch, 1764–1774
  10. Christian Friedrich Schröder, 1774–1775
  11. Bernhard Christoph Nemitz, 1775–1802
  12. Erdmann Friedrich Wegener, 1803–1814
  13. Franz Friedrich Gottlob Otto, 1816–1818
  14. Johann Ehrenfried Juhl, 1819–1833
  15. Karl Benjamin Krasting, 1833–1863
  16. Eduard Wilhelm Lindemann, 1884–1902
  17. Konrad David Harder, 1903–?
  18. Ademeit,? –1920
  19. Richard Brunnemann, 1920–1927
  20. Riderich Mekler, 1927-1936
  21. Friedrich Bendig, 1936–1945

school

school

In the middle of the village was the red brick school built in 1885/87, in which four classes were taught in two rooms. The main teacher's apartment was upstairs, and the junior teacher's rooms were upstairs.

The beginnings of the school system in (Wendisch) Tychow go back to the year 1690. In 1870 the number of pupils was 200, and there was a third teaching post since 1923. There was a building with a kindergarten next to the school.

Teacher

  1. Moritz Luber, around 1690
  2. Johann Bewersdorf, 1750–1761
  3. Chr. Friedrich Tryglaff, around 1761
  4. Christell, Daniel Gottlieb, until 1812
  5. Lenk, from 1803
  6. Wilhelm Neumann, 1837
  7. Newcomers
  8. Malonn
  9. Albert Ernst
  10. Otto Thiess
  11. Karl Ernst, 1870
  12. Johann Lange, 1870–1902
  13. Julius Bartz, 1870–1876
  14. Wilhelm Rubow, 1876
  15. Christian Scheel, 1876–1878
  16. Franz Wilde, 1878–1879
  17. Paul Bütow, 1879–1880
  18. Berthold Pagel, 1880–1883
  19. Ferdinand Nimz, 1883-1887
  20. Hermann Arndt, 1887–1891
  21. Fritz Kannenberg, 1891-1892
  22. Otto Gatzke, 1892-1896
  23. Fritz Zech, 1896–1898
  24. Reinhold Schwebke, 1898–1899
  25. Wilhelm Pasewald, 1899-1903
  26. Walter Parnicke, 1902
  27. Alwin Zietlow, 1902-1909
  28. Franz Panke, 1903–1905
  29. Erich Sümmich, 1905–1907
  30. Bernhard Lietz, 1907–1908
  31. Heinrich Hildebrandt, 1908–1911
  32. E. Lehrke, 1909
  33. Werner Buhrke, 1911–1912
  34. Karl Witt, 1909–1913
  35. Karl Schwantz, 1909
  36. Willi Kurth, 1911–1921
  37. Paul Kuschel, 1921–1930
  38. Hermann Hintze, 1923–1926
  39. Ernst Papenfuß, 1930
  40. Johann Trenkler, 1926–1934
  41. Alfreed Drawz, 1930-1934
  42. Köpke, 1934–1935
  43. Kruger, 1934-1936
  44. Otto Witt, 1935-1941
  45. Heinz Luckow, 1936–1940
  46. Heilke, 1941–1942 (from Besow)
  47. Ewald Wetzel, 1942–1944 (from Alt Warschow)
  48. Lau, 1944-6. March 1945 (from Schlawe )

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the place

Connected to the place

  • Eduard Erdmann Heinrich von Kleist (1789–1856), landowner; The seven-kilometer-long Wipper Canal was built under his rule, he also introduced merino sheep breeding in Pomerania and intensified cultivation methods and the use of products; first president of the Pomeranian Economic Society
  • Friedrich Wilhelm von Kleist (1851–1936), diplomat and landowner; The Tychow mansion owed him a valuable equipment with antique furniture from Portugal, Sweden and southern Germany
  • Ewald Graf von Kleist (1882–1953), landowner, deputy district administrator of the Schlawe district and member of the Pomeranian provincial parliament; In his time, the gymnastics and sports clubs received special funding
  • Diether-Dennies von Kleist (1890–1971), officer and prehistoric; He was the author of the “Prehistory of the Schlawe District” and carried out excavations on the prehistory and early history in the entire district
  • Ewald Wetzel (1903–1945), teacher and committed local researcher, published articles and writings on local and district history

literature

  • Manfred Vollack (Ed.): The cities and rural communities. Husum-Druck- und Verlags-Gesellschaft, Husum 1989, ISBN 3-88042-337-7 (The district of Schlawe. A Pommersches Heimatbuch, Volume 2).
  • Ernst Müller: The administrative district of Köslin. Stettin 1912 (The Protestant clergy of Pomerania from the Reformation to the present, part 2)
  • Diether-Dennies von Kleist: Prehistory of the Schlawe district. , 1932.
  • Ewald Wetzel: The school in Wendisch Tychow through the ages. 1932.
  • Ortrun Radloff (Ed.): The parish of Wendisch-Tychow / Notzkow in the district of Schlawe, Pomerania. Self-published by Radloff, Plath 1996

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Polish Monument Authority (NID) - List of Monuments for West Pomerania (PDF in Polish) → p. 101, woj. zachodniopomorskie - pow. sławieński: Tychowo

Coordinates: 54 ° 21 '  N , 16 ° 47'  E