Uxbridge
| Uxbridge | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Coordinates | 51 ° 32 ′ N , 0 ° 29 ′ W | ||
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| Residents | 52,744 (as of 2011) | ||
| administration | |||
| Post town | UXBRIDGE | ||
| ZIP code section | UB8 | ||
| prefix | 01895 | ||
| Part of the country | England | ||
| region | Greater London | ||
| London Borough | Hillingdon | ||
| British Parliament | Uxbridge and South Ruislip | ||
Uxbridge is a city in England that is now a western suburb of London and the administrative center of the London Borough of Hillingdon . It is the seat of Brunel University and Uxbridge College .
geography
Uxbridge lies at an average altitude of 40 m above sea level. M. The shape of the landscape has hardly changed since the Mesolithic , apart from the clearing of the oak and elm forests by the settlers and the construction of the traffic routes. The city is traversed by the River Pinn, which flows into the Fray's River . This is a branch of the River Colne and forms the border between Uxbridge and Buckinghamshire .
Place name
Is derived the name of the city recently by Wixan's Bridge , a bridge at the lower end of today's Oxford Road was approximately at the site of the present road bridge and after the Wixan was named, an Anglo-Saxon tribe from what is now Lincolnshire Coming settled in what would later become Middlesex . Earlier interpretations referred to the cattle drive (English oxen = "ox") or the proximity to water (Celtic uisg ).
history
Excavations by archaeologists at the Museum of London in 1990 uncovered flint tools from the Middle Stone Age, animal bones and charcoal remains from campfires. Finds made during construction work on The Chimes shopping center date back to the Bronze Age before 700 BCE and the Middle Ages . The Anglo-Saxons settled in the Uxbridge area since the 5th century , clearing woodlands and ruling the area for the next 500 years.
Although Uxbridge is not mentioned in the Domesday Book , it does appear in a document from 1107 as Woxbrigge . At that time the place belonged to the Elthorne Hundred . St Margaret's Church dates from the 2nd half of the 12th century . Uxbridge was part of the Parish Hillingdon .
During the English Civil War , the city had been occupied by the Army of Parliament from 1642 and was the site of unsuccessful negotiations between King Charles I and representatives of Parliament in 1645 .
By 1800, Uxbridge was a station of mail taken between London and Oxford one of the major market places in Middlesex, but lost after the construction of the Great Western Railway through West Drayton important. The city received its first railway connection in 1856.
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In 1819, enclosures in Hillingdon Parish reduced Uxbridge Common considerably from an original four- mile radius to an area of 15 acres . In 1827 Uxbridge became an independent parish, until then the place was parish after Hillingdon.
In 1871 the first police station built for this purpose was set up in the village, which is now a pub . A large part of the city was already supplied with electricity in 1902, but some houses were lit with gas until 1912. In 1906 a steeple-style water tower was built on Uxbridge Common .
The site, which originally belonged to Hillingdon House , was bought by the British government in 1915, initially used as a military hospital and later also by the Royal Flying Corps for training purposes, until it was taken over by the newly established Royal Air Force in 1918 . RAF Uxbridge was open to the public until the outbreak of World War II . In 1948 the site was used as an Olympic village . In 2010, RAF Uxbridge was closed.
In 1935, the Uxbridge Lido swimming pool was opened in the modern style , which was declared a Grade II Monument in 1998 and, after several years of closure , was reopened in 2009 as part of the Hillingdon Sports and Leisure Complex .
From 1962 the new campus of the Brunel College of Advanced Technology , which was elevated to Brunel University by Royal Charter in 1966 , was built on the southern edge of the city. The site is largely on the territory of the neighboring town of Cowley, but like this one belongs to Uxbridge by post.
In the 1970s, after the demolition of numerous buildings in High Street and Windsor Street, a new shopping center was built, which was covered in the early 1980s and was named Pavilions Shopping Center . With The Chimes (since 2013 as Intu Uxbridge called) was opened in 2001 in another shopping center in the immediate vicinity of the underground station, were included in the number of existing buildings.
Administration and population
Uxbridge was initially a sub- parish of Hillingdon Parish, but was separated as an independent Civil Parish in 1866 . In 1894, the place became part of the Uxbridge Urban District , which was raised to a Municipal Borough in 1955 and incorporated into the London Borough of Hillingdon in 1965 . Uxbridge is divided into two wards (constituencies) Uxbridge North (three Conservative councilors) and Uxbridge South (two Conservative councilors, one Labor member).
Before the general election in 2010 , Uxbridge formed its own parliamentary constituency, since then it has been part of the parliamentary constituency of Uxbridge & South Ruislip. Boris Johnson has been a Member of Parliament since 2015 and was Mayor of London from 2008 to 2016 .
In 2011 Uxbridge North had about 12,048 inhabitants and Uxbridge South about 13,979.
Buildings
Churches
St Margaret's Church on Windsor Street is one of the oldest structures in the city. It is documented since 1245 and was initially a branch church of Hillingdon. The tower of the current building is from the late 14th century, the north nave is from the early 15th century, and the south was added around 1450. The stone baptismal font is dated around 1480.
St Andrew's Church on Hillingdom Road was started in 1864 and opened in 1865. Her tower was completed in 1866. This neo-Gothic church was designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott and mainly served the population in the area between the old town centers of Uxbridge and Hillingdon, which has grown rapidly since 1850.
After St Margaret's Church became Protestant in the 16th century, there was no Catholic church in Uxbridge until the late 19th century. In 1892 a priest bought a piece of land in Lawn Road and had a makeshift church built out of corrugated iron there, dedicated to Our Lady in Lourdes and the Archangel Michael . The increasing number of parishioners and students from an affiliated school made it necessary to build a permanent church. The new Church of Our Lady of Lourdes and St Michael was built in 1931 to a design by THB Scott in neo-Romanesque style in Oxford Road and was consecrated in 1936 after all construction costs had been paid.
Hillingdon House and RAF Uxbridge
Hillingdon House was built in 1717 as a hunting lodge for General Meinhard von Schomberg . After his death, the owners changed several times until it passed into the possession of the Cox banking family in 1810. After a fire in 1844, the current building, which was declared a monument of the second degree in 1984 , was built in Victorian style using masonry with stucco decorations . The associated area with outbuildings, gardens, parkland and an artificial lake dammed up from the River Pinn covered more than 80 hectares. In 1892 the Hillingdon Golf Club was established on part of the property.
The house and the rest of the property were offered for sale in 1914, acquired by the British government in 1915, used as a military hospital until 1917 and then as a training facility for the air forces, from which the RAF Uxbridge site emerged in 1918 . Among other things, a shooting range, a cinema, which also served as an auditorium, and a sports field were set up, which was also used by the Uxbridge Football Club since 1923 . In 1925 ten barracks buildings , an officer's hospital and a wooden building for an operations center followed . In 1926 RAF Uxbridge was selected by the Air Ministry as the base of the Air Defense of Great Britain . The wooden operations center was relocated to a 18 m underground bunker in 1939, which was completed ten days before the outbreak of World War II . This Battle of Britain bunker was declared a Grade I Monument in 2005 . After the RAF site has been closed, most of the site will be converted into a new residential area, a new elementary school will be built and office buildings will be built.
Administration building
In 1973, a new Civic Center was built on High Street for the local council of the London Borough of Hillingdon, which was formed in 1965 from the amalgamation of four administrative units Building is controversial.
In 1990 the Magistrates' Court was relocated to a new building in the vicinity of the 1907 Edwardian-style courthouse.
Others
Noteworthy is the former Randall's department store , which was built in 1939 in the Art Deco style instead of a previous building from 1900, closed in 2015 due to declining sales, but was declared a second-degree monument in 2008 .
economy
In 1763, George Harman established a brewery in Uxbridge, the headquarters of which were on High Street from 1873 and which were closed by the last owners, the Courage Brewery , in 1964.
In the 18th and 19th centuries, most of the flour consumed in London was produced in Uxbridge , the Kingsmill brand has its origins in a mill on the Grand Union Canal acquired by William King in the 19th century.
From 1868 to 1958, Lowe & Shawyer's horticultural business existed on Kingston Lane and became the largest producer of cut flowers in the country. After voluntary liquidation, the campus of what would later become Brunel University was built on its site in 1962 .
In addition to The Pavilions and Intu Uxbridge shopping centers, Uxbridge has numerous other shops. There are also several office buildings in the area that are used by international companies such as Canon , PricewaterhouseCoopers , Apple , WMS Gaming , Unisys , Xerox , ARRI , Bristol-Myers Squibb , Monster Energy, APL , Herbalife Europe and Anixter International. Other employers include NetApp , IBB Solicitors, F. Hinds , The Coca-Cola Company , Coca-Cola Enterprises, General Mills and Nexen .
traffic
The western terminus of the Metropolitan Line from Aldgate and Baker Street and the northern branch of the Piccadilly Line from Cockfosters is located in Uxbridge .
From 1907 to 1964 there was Uxbridge High Street station in the west of the city (passenger service until 1939) on the line from Denham , from 1856 to 1964 in the south of the city the Uxbridge Vine Street station (passenger service until 1962) on the line from West Drayton . A project to connect these two routes was not realized despite preliminary work.
Uxbridge is linked to the A40 from London to Fishguard via the B467 and B483 roads to Ickenham . The A408 runs from Uxbridge via Yiewsley and Heathrow to London Heathrow Airport , the A4007 joins the A412 to Slough at Iver Heath . The A4020 connects Uxbridge to the Denham Roundabout and the M40, as well as to Shepherd's Bush in London.
The main bus services operated by Transport for London are the 427 line between Uxbridge and Acton High Street and the 607 express bus line between Uxbridge and Shepherd's Bush. Other bus routes connect the city to West Drayton, Southall , Hayes , Hounslow , Denham, Harefield , Ruislip and Heathrow Airport. Other companies have connections to Slough, St Albans and Harlow, and High Wycombe and Chesham via Gerrards Cross .
Uxbridge is also located on the Grand Union Canal, which opened in 1794, between London and Birmingham .
Personalities
- Bernard Miles (1907-1991), actor
- John Stears (1934–1999), film technician
- Christine Keeler (1942-2017), model
Nobility title
After the city of Uxbridge, the title of nobility of Earl of Uxbridge is named, which was first awarded in 1714 to Henry Paget (1663-1743). The city of Uxbridge , Massachusetts , founded in 1727, was named after him. With the death of his son Henry Paget (1719–1769) the title expired. For the second time the title was bestowed in 1784 on Henry Bayly, who had been raised to Lord Paget in 1784. His son Henry William Paget (1768-1854), cavalry commander in the Battle of Waterloo , was raised in 1814 to Marquess of Anglesey . Since then, the title has been used as a courtesy title for the Marquess' eldest son.
gallery
On the Brunel University campus
Uxbridge Common
Historic market hall
Vine Street with the Grade I listed Randall's Department Store
On the Grand Union Canal
Entrance to the underground train station
literature
- Carolynne Cotton: Uxbridge Past. Historical Publications, London, 1994, ISBN 0-948667-30-3 .
- Hazel Crozier: RAF Uxbridge 90th Anniversary 1917-2007. Air Command Media Services, RAF High Wycombe, 2007.
- Philip Sherwood: Around Uxbridge Past & Present. Sutton Publishing, Stroud, 2007, ISBN 978-0-7509-4794-7 .
- Edward Walford: Greater London: a narrative of its history, its people, and its places . Uxbridge, S. 230–237 ( archive.org [accessed February 5, 2016]).
Web links
- Hillingdon, London. Retrieved December 6, 2017 (London Borough of Hillingdon website).
Individual evidence
- ^ Uxbridge. In: Key to English Place Names. English Place Name Society, accessed December 6, 2017 .
- ↑ a b Cotton 1994, p. 8.
- ↑ Walford 1883, p. 231.
- ↑ Cotton 1994, p. 23.
- ^ A b Nick Catford: Uxbridge Vine Street . March 11, 2014. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
- ↑ Ben Weinreb , Christopher Hibbert : The London Encyclopaedia , reprint. Edition, Macmillan , 1992, p. 753.
- ↑ Review of Local List of Buildings of Architectural or Historic Importance: 49, The Fig Tree (formerly The Old Bill) . London Borough of Hillingdon. 2009. Archived from the original on March 18, 2012.
- ↑ Cotton 1994, p. 105.
- ^ Uxbridge Lido . Historic England. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
- ^ Your Councilors by Ward . London Borough of Hillingdon. 2016. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
- ↑ 2011 Census Data for England and Wales on Nomis . Office for National Statistics.
- ^ A b Uxbridge History - St Margaret's Church . Alan Rix. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 18, 2015.
- ^ Catholic Church Uxbridge - The Beginning of the Modern Parish . Official website. Retrieved February 18, 2016.
- ^ Catholic Church Uxbridge - A New Church . Official website. Retrieved February 18, 2016.
- ^ Cox family of Hillingdon . National Archives. Retrieved February 18, 2016.
- ^ Hillingdon House . Historic England. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
- ↑ Group Operations Room . Historic England. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
- ↑ Building to start on RAF Uxbridge redevelopment this year . The Construction Index. 2012.
- ^ New Uxbridge school reflects the sporting heritage of the RAF site . In: Hillingdon & Uxbridge Times , August 28, 2014.
- ^ New offices at former RAF base 'to create 1,000 jobs' . In: Uxbridge Gazette , June 3, 2015.
- ↑ Sherwood 2007, p. 36.
- ↑ Sherwood 2007, p. 32.
- ↑ End of an era as Randall's of Uxbridge closes . In: Uxbridge Gazette , December 11, 2014.
- ↑ a b Randalls Department Store, Uxbridge . British Listed Buildings. Retrieved February 19, 2016.
- ↑ Cotton 1994, p. 32.
- ↑ Sherwood 2007, p. 39.
- ^ Nick Catford: Uxbridge High Street . November 18, 2015. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
