Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova
Valentina Tereshkova | |
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Soviet cosmonaut. The first woman in space |
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Country: | USSR |
Call sign: |
Чайка Chaika: " Seagull " |
selected on | March 12, 1962 (cosmonaut group) |
Calls: | 1 space flight |
Begin: | June 16, 1963 |
Landing: | June 19, 1963 |
Time in space: | 2 d 22 h 50 min |
retired on | 1969 |
Space flights | |
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Valentina Tereshkova ( Russian Валентина Владимировна Терешкова ., Scientific transliteration Valentina Vladimirovna Tereškova , married Valentina Tereshkova-Nikolayeva * 6. March 1937 in Maslennikowo at Tutayev , Yaroslavl Oblast , Russian SFSR ) is a former Soviet cosmonaut . She was the first woman in space in 1963 ( also the only one until Svetlana Savitskaya's space flight in 1982) and is still the only woman in space flight history to fly alone, i.e. H. without the company of male colleagues.
Life
She is the daughter of a textile worker and a tractor driver who died in the Finnish winter war . After her father's death, her mother moved with the children to Yaroslavl to find better employment opportunities and was employed in the Krasny Perekop cotton mill . Even as a teenager, she then worked in a factory for car tires in a spinning - Combine . She worked there as a cutter and ironer for seven years. In addition to work, she attended evening school to become a technician . In 1960 she received her technical diploma.
From 1955 onwards, Valentina Tereshkova was an avid skydiver . She was a great admirer of Yuri Gagarin . She applied for the cosmonaut school several times. In 1962 she was able to take the entrance exam and begin training as a cosmonaut.
On June 16, 1963, Valentina Tereschkowa took off on board Vostok 6 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome on an almost three-day trip into space and orbited the earth 48 times. Her radio call name was Chaika (seagull). On June 19, she landed near Novosibirsk , where Tereshkova was enthusiastically received. In Moscow she was honored with the title of Aviation Cosmonaut of the Soviet Union .
On November 3, 1963, she married Andrijan Nikolajew , who had participated in the Vostok 3 expedition as a cosmonaut . In 1964 she gave birth to their daughter Elena. Tereschkowa then studied at the Zhukovsky Engineering Academy of the Soviet Air Force . In May 1966 she was elected to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR , in May 1968 chairwoman of the Women's Committee of the USSR and in 1971 a member of the Central Committee of the CPSU . From 1974 she was in the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet and from 1976 deputy chairwoman of the "Commission for Education, Science and Culture" of the Union Soviet.
She divorced Andrijan Nikolajew in 1982. In her second marriage she was married to the orthopedic surgeon Juli Georgijewitsch Schaposchnikow, who died in 1999.
In 1994 she was appointed head of the “Russian Center for International Cultural and Scientific Cooperation” (today: Rossotrudnitschestvo ) by the Russian government. She held this position until 2004.
For the United Russia party , she was a member of the regional Duma of Yaroslavl Oblast and then a member of the State Duma . On March 10, 2020, she successfully applied for a constitutional amendment to relax the term limits of the Russian President.
She has the military rank of major general i. R. of the Russian Air Force.
In June 2013, she said at a press conference in Russia that she was ready for a flight to Mars without returning. " Mars is my favorite planet ," says Tereschkowa.
At the opening ceremony for the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, she carried the Olympic flag as one of eight bearers on February 7, 2014 .
honors and awards
- Honorary title " Hero of the Soviet Union " (USSR)
- Two orders of Lenin 1963, 1981 (USSR)
- Order of Tri Shakti Patta ( Nepal , 1961)
- Karl Marx Order ( GDR , 1963)
- Joliot Curie Gold Medal ( France , 1964)
- Order "Star of the Republic of Indonesia" ( Indonesia , 1963)
- Order of the Volta ( Ghana , 1964)
- Suhe Bator Order ( Mongolian People's Republic , 1965)
- "Golden Star" medal ( Vietnam , 1971)
- Nile Order ( Egypt , 1971)
- Order of the October Revolution 1971
- Order of Friendship between Nations
- Aviation cosmonaut of the Soviet Union
- Order of Bernardo O'Higgins ( Chile , 1972)
- Order of El Sol del Perú ( Peru , 1974)
- Order of the Red Banner of Labor (USSR, 1987)
- Honorary doctorate from the Polytechnic University of Valencia ( Spain )
- A valley on the moon was named "Tereschkowa" in her honor.
- World Connection Award from Mikhail Gorbatschow in Hamburg in 2004.
- Numerous streets in the GDR were named after her, many of which still bear her name today, e.g. B. Valentina-Tereschkowa-Strasse in Frankfurt / Oder. With the Valentina Tereschkowa elementary school in Chemnitz, a school with her name has also survived.
- Order of Merit for the Fatherland 3rd Class ( Russian Federation , 1997)
- Ring of honor for achievements in the field of manned spaceflight by the Eduard Rhein Foundation ( Germany , 2007)
- Order of Merit for the Fatherland 2nd Class (Russian Federation, 2007)
- Prize of the Gotha Cultural Foundation, the "Friedenstein" (awarded on October 14, 2008 by the Lord Mayor of Gotha )
- Alexander Nevsky Order (Russian Federation, 2013).
- Order of Merit for the Fatherland 1st Class (Russian Federation, 2017)
- Space Science Medal ( UNESCO , 2017)
literature
- Erwin Bekier: Walja, the first female cosmonaut , children's book publisher Berlin, 1976
- Monika Gibas : “Venus from Star City”. Valentina Tereshkova. Heroine of Modernity in the GDR , in: Silke Satjukow ; Rainer Gries (ed.): Socialist heroes. A cultural history of propaganda figures in Eastern Europe and the GDR . Berlin, Ch. Links, 2002, ISBN 3-86153-271-9 , pp. 147-157
- Barbara Krause : The girl from Maslennikow , children's book publisher Berlin, 1974
See also
- List of spacemen
- Country statistics of manned spaceflight
- List of manned space flights
- Records of manned spaceflight
- Svetlana Evgenyevna Savitskaya (second cosmonaut)
- Jelena Vladimirovna Kondakova (third cosmonaut)
Individual evidence
- ^ Evans, B: Escaping the Bonds of Earth: The Fifties and the Sixties, Springer Verlag 2009
- ↑ Hellmuth Vensky: The cosmonaut who fights for Putin. In: www.zeit.de. March 6, 2012, accessed March 10, 2020 .
- ↑ Putin presents scenario for staying in power. In: www.afp.com. March 10, 2020, accessed March 10, 2020 .
- ↑ Frank Nienhuysen: How Putin could be president for longer. In: www.sueddeutsche.de. March 10, 2020, accessed March 10, 2020 .
- ↑ spacefacts.de: biography
- ^ Street lexicon Frankfurt: Valentina-Tereschkowa-Straße in Frankfurt / Oder ( Memento from 7 December 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Schools in Saxony: Valentina Tereschkowa Primary School
- ↑ Президент вручил Валентине Терешковой орден Александра Невского. Rossija K , June 14, 2013, accessed January 31, 2014 (Russian).
- ↑ First UNESCO Space Science Medals awarded to four prominent scientists and space practitioners
Web links
- Gabriele Meinhard: Short biography
- Ralf Nestler: A seagull in space. Berliner Zeitung , June 14, 2008, accessed on June 16, 2013 : “The Russian Valentina Tereschkowa was the first woman in space. It was only twenty years later that she was followed by an American. "
- Volodymyr Brodzinskyi: Seagull in Space (diestandard.at) from February 18, 2007
- First woman in space thinks about the end of her life on Mars APA / red, derStandard.at, June 7, 2013
- Valentina Tereschkowa: “I would like to fly to Mars!” In Russia Beyond the Headlines: News from Russia
- Valentina Tereschkowa, the first woman in space , Der Spiegel, March 6, 2017.
- Nina Pauer: Alone in space. from: Because you are only a woman. ZEIT online January 23, 2014. https://www.zeit.de/2014/05/walentina-tereschkowa-kosmonautin , accessed on January 21, 2019
personal data | |
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SURNAME | Tereshkova, Valentina Vladimirovna |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Терешкова, Валентина Владимировна; Tereškova, Valentina Vladimirovna; Tereshkowa-Nikolayeva, Valentina |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Soviet cosmonaut |
DATE OF BIRTH | March 6, 1937 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Maslennikowo near Yaroslavl on the Volga |