Rehberge public park
| Rehberge public park | ||
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| Large meadow on the Transvaalstrasse | ||
| Basic data | ||
| place | Berlin | |
| District | Wedding | |
| Created | 1922-1929 | |
| Surrounding streets | Windhuker Straße, African Road, Transvaalstraße, Dohnagestell, Charles-Corcelle-Ring | |
| Buildings | Open-air stage, Rehberge stadium, Rathenau monument, game reserve | |
| use | ||
| User groups | Foot traffic ; Leisure , events | |
| Park design | Erwin Barth | |
| Technical specifications | ||
| Parking area | 780,000 m² | |
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52 ° 33 '5.3 " N , 13 ° 19' 49.4" E
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The Volkspark Rehberge is a people 's park in the Berlin district of Wedding . The park was designed in the years 1922–1929. The garden monument has a size of around 78 hectares . Together with the Goethepark , which is directly adjacent to the southeast , it forms a park landscape of around 115 hectares. The Plötzensee and the surrounding green spaces border the park directly in the southwest . The Volkspark Rehberge offers visitors not only walking, cycling and sunbathing areas but also animal enclosures, playgrounds, a toboggan run with a 20 meter difference in height, sports fields, restaurants and an open-air stage.
Parts of the Volkspark have been protected as a landscape protection area since 1953 . The park was created in an Ice Age landscape of drifting sand dunes and an Ice Age channel, the Long Fenn . As part of the park design, this channel was redesigned into a chain of three lakes: the larger Möwensee, the smaller Sperlingssee and the duck pond connected to the Sperlingssee. There are several larger sports facilities in the park. The Rehberge Stadium is the home of the " BSC Rehberge 1945 ", a Berlin sports club. The Rehberge underground station is nearby .
history
The area until the First World War
The former dune landscape is part of the Berlin glacial valley , especially the Jungfernheide . Until 1915, the site did not belong to the city of Berlin, but to the Prussian manor district of Plötzensee . On the site there were swamps and several chains of hills: The Rehberge, which gave it its name, but also the Wurzelberge and the Fuchsberge. Geologically, finer drift sands were deposited over middle sands ( valley sands ) in the late glacial period , some of which formed high dunes . The area had a high population of Brandenburg pines and sessile oaks until the early 19th century, with the exception of the waterfront .
At that time, the Berlin administration was already using the site to create jobs and had the swamps in the Rehberge drained by former unemployed people. The so-called Rehbergers were then famous and notorious in the March Revolution of 1848 . The sandy excavation of the Berlin-Spandau shipping canal, built between 1848 and 1859, was partially unloaded on the site of today's Volkspark . The sand from the Rehberge was later used as a source of sand for cleaning the floors of Berlin apartments. The so-called "Wittensand", which was used for this, first had to be dug up by hand under the layers of sand above and was then brought to the inner city of Berlin by dog or horse-drawn carriage, where it was sold by traders to housewives. The sandy area later served the Prussian military as a firing range and training area. These concentrated mainly on the area of today's Goethepark and the northeast of today's Volkspark - where the Leutnantsberg is today.
At the beginning of the 20th century, zoo director Carl Hagenbeck from Hamburg planned to create an exhibition park in this area. According to the Baedeker travel guide , animals should live here in a landscape that is very close to their actual home. Other sources, on the other hand, speak of an animal and people show with similar display methods as at the German Colonial Exhibition of 1896 in Treptower Park . Animals and people from the German colonies of that time were to be displayed in the park. However, it never came to fruition, since the First World War began in 1914 .
Deforestation, arbor colonies and initial plans
The trees that previously grew in the Rehberge resembled the vegetation of the Tegel Forest . However, the tree population did not survive after the First World War. The first winter after the end of the war in 1918–1919 was particularly cold, and so the people of Berlin cut down the trees in this area. Franz Affeld described the scenes 40 years apart: “Now the lumberjacks came from near and far with their handcarts, even from Schöneberg with horse and cart. And many a tribe made their way through Müllerstrasse. ”The lack of vegetation led to erosion , dunes piled up , and the drifting sand was not very beneficial for the health of the people living in the neighborhood. Allegedly, desert films were even shot in the deer mountains during this time. After the authorities initially allowed the deforestation in view of the plight of the people , they stepped in later - when the deforestation was commercialized and the problems of the drifting sand were more obvious - and had the remaining tree population of the Rehberge protected by the Reichswehr . Despite this protection, the magazine Die Gartenwelt described in its exuberant article on the opening of the park in 1929 the state after the war as "and the earth was desolate and empty".
Numerous wild arbor colonies had settled on the area of the Rehberge. Workers had built a hut or arbor and created small gardens. Some of these settlements were larger, well organized and integrated into the flourishing allotment gardening system, others were smaller and only served the residents to survive. These settlements were cleared for the construction of the Volkspark. A total of 348 cases resulted in arbitration proceedings between the city of Berlin and the residents of the arbours.
Originally, the Berlin magistrate planned to build new housing estates over the entire area. There were already plans for this, but these were not implemented due to the global economic crisis and the lack of funding. In 1922 the magistrate officially abandoned the plans and decided to set up a public park in the Rehberge. City gardening director Albert Brodersen mentioned this for the first time on March 6, 1922 in his declaration on the “Plan for the creation of a public and school playground.” Negotiations with the Prussian state about the acquisition of the site dragged on. Only the high unemployment, which with 36,000 unemployed in Wedding was well above the Reich and Berlin average, brought about a turning point. Berlin paid the purchase price almost exclusively from funds from the emergency programs against unemployment. In 1926 the city of Berlin finally acquired the property of the Jungfernheide estate, which belonged to the Prussian government, for a little over 2 million Reichsmarks.
Construction and opening
Like the Volkspark Humboldthain , the park follows the idea of a landscape park ; no geometric shapes were used. The park should take up the existing landscape and make it more usable for people. This also included setting up numerous sports and play facilities, especially for children and young people. The park should be there especially for the workforce who, according to the planners, visited public parks and squares far too seldom.
Originally designed by Albert Brodersen in 1918/1919, the park was finally redesigned in 1926–1929 according to the plans of the horticultural directors Rudolf Germer (1884–1938) and Erwin Barth (1880–1933). Brodersen's plans were to preserve the existing dunes and use them as a natural monument for the children to see . The height difference in the park is 17 meters, which is considerable by Berlin standards, so that Brodersen's plans included the construction of a toboggan run from the highest dune. The Volkspark is only part of a larger park, which also includes the neighboring Goethepark and the green spaces around Plötzensee. The site of today's Julius Leber barracks northwest of the park was also included in the park planning . Meadows, sports fields and a 7-hectare forest school area were to be created here on 140 hectares. However, the construction of the barracks prevented this expansion of the park.
The neighboring Goethepark was built between 1922 and 1924 based on a design by Germer. The first work on the site of what would later become the Volkspark began in 1926 when District Garden Director Germer had the first emergency work carried out in order to get the drifting sand problem under control. This happened before Berlin had acquired the site, but is considered the first concrete construction project for the park. Erwin Barth took part after taking office in March 1926, while the actual implementation of the work was still in the hands of Germers. Barth's design “Volkspark Rehberge” from May 1927, which modified and supplemented Brodersen's and Germers' ideas, was finally implemented. The drafts for the buildings came from the magistrate's senior building officer Friedrich Hellwig. For the redesign, among other things, several small mounds were removed to create level areas for the sports facilities. In places where plantings were planned, topsoil had to be placed on the sand. The sand of the dunes was consolidated with road debris for cost reasons.
The actual design of the park took place as a major project as part of job creation . Up to 1,200 unemployed people were involved in the work that was part of the emergency program against unemployment. A total of 296,000 daily jobs were performed. The main work on the park took place between February 1, 1926 and May 31, 1928. The landscaping of the park cost 2.7 million Reichsmarks.
The park was also the first permanent allotment garden in Berlin, which still exists today. The park was officially opened with a folk festival on June 22, 1929. The program included numerous sporting events such as relay races and gymnastics demonstrations, but also dance performances and performances by bands and orchestras.
In 1929/1930 the area of the Long Fens, which was not originally planned in the park plans, was added to the park. The three lakes were created. After 1930, the further work was transferred to the responsible departments of the Wedding District Office.
time of the nationalsocialism
After the National Socialists came to power, they tried to redesign the park according to their ideas. This included the erection of a speaker's platform on the large exercise area and the melting down of the monument to Emil and Walther Rathenau . The National Socialists also erected a "memorial" for Paul Birr on the large exercise area. The construction of the open-air stage - built as a Thingplatz - and a small-caliber shooting range in the park also fell during the National Socialist era .
The park survived the Second World War largely undamaged. In the last years of the war, however, air raid shelters were built in the park, of which there are no more traces. Plans for bunkers in the allotment garden colony Rehberge were no longer implemented. At the end of the Second World War, the residents removed wood for heating again, and afforestation could only be carried out later.
Since 1945
After 1945 the sports facilities were expanded to include tennis courts. The entire sports facilities were modernized in 1954. A ball playground was also created at the site of the paddling pool, which was closed in 1945 .
The extension of the U6 underground line to Tegel had an impact on the park . Due to the associated effects on the groundwater level during the construction period 1956–1958, the lakes in the Volkspark silted up completely.
Topography and design
The park is characterized by the horseshoe-shaped chain of dunes. As part of the park design, the dunes were connected to one another to form a uniform ridge, which can also be explored by a “high-altitude hiking trail”. The horseshoe encloses the sports facilities with the Rehberge stadium and the four-hectare meadow in the center of the park. During the design, Barth made sure to emphasize the natural landscape. There are only a few formal design elements such as avenues , roundels or deliberately set lines of sight . In order to be able to build the stadium and practice area, the area was leveled at this point and several smaller hills removed.
The Leutnantsberg north of the sports facilities is a solitary hill. Its top is formed by a viewing platform framed by columnar oaks. The open-air stage is on its flank. In the south there are several lawns for sunbathing and playing, which are structured by free elements such as ponds or groups of trees.
grasslands
A defining element of the park are several large meadows in the center and south of the complex. The largest and most formally designed meadow is the large play area, formerly the large practice area and colloquially known as the “catcher meadow” because of the wrestling sculpture on its edge. This lies in the heart of the horseshoe-shaped dunes. To the south and west of the large playground, there are also several other meadows of various sizes, which are intended to serve the concept of the park design as naturally and naturally as possible.
Paths and bridge
The network of paths in the park, which has 30 entrances, is 24 kilometers. A number of central routes are of particular importance for the Volkspark: The main access axis to the Großer Spielweise runs from the west from a round square under the pedestrian bridge, just past the two former changing houses from 1929. The wide access axis was already suitable for an impressive mass parade when it opened. After these were mainly young athletes at the opening, in the following years, as long as this was still possible, the KPD and SPD also used the space to impressively stage their events.
The “Höhenwanderweg” (Höhenwanderweg), which begins between the sports field, dance ring and stadium and then winds up the dune landscape in an arch, ends at the highest point of the park at the Rathenau monument. The last section of the path is lined by an avenue made of norwegian maple and sycamore maple , originally elms were planted there. The bridge on which the hiking trail crosses the entrance to the large playground was built in 1927 from concrete by the Wedding Civil Engineering Office. It is clad with Bernburg limestone . In addition to the practical need to cross the two paths, it also serves as a viewing point that frames the view along the access axis onto the playground. In the middle of the line of sight through the bridge stands the wrestler sculpture by Wilhelm Haverkamp as a point de vue .
From the southern dune down in the direction of the Großer Spielwiese, terraced and symmetrical paths run downwards, opening up a view of the meadow and sports facilities.
Lakes
In the north-east of the park are the three lakes, Möwensee, Sperlingssee and Entenpfuhl, which were formed when the park was designed from a glacial channel, the Long Fenn . These are surrounded by a forest-like area with a few smaller meadows. The largest of the three lakes is the 1.7 hectare, about 300 meter long seagull lake with a mean depth of 1.5 m. All three lakes have water all year round and are believed to be connected to the water table. All three lakes are described by environmental experts as "close to nature". The two smaller lakes are heavily muddy and show a tendency to silt up.
Flora and fauna
For a park of this size, the deer mountains contain comparatively few different species of animals and plants. It is noticeable that there are no more species of the forest that was located here before the end of the First World War.
At the lakes there are typical water-side fringes made of pale willows and alders . There are also very few small reed beds made up of reeds , calamus and sedges . The protected swamp iris has been detected at the Möwensee . The only species of fish that can be detected - apart from individual sightings - in the seagull lake is the crucian carp . In the summer there are repeated deaths of fish in the lake due to oxygen-consuming processes.
The plane tree walk around the practice meadow is one of the few formal elements of the park design. The planners mainly used native species to design the park. The avenues, groves and roundels consisted for the most part of plane trees, birches, oaks, linden and poplar trees. Pines and Douglas firs were planted on the dune slopes. Playgrounds were enclosed by groups of oaks, while the Leutnantsberg is supposed to represent a heather landscape.
Recreational facilities
restaurant
In addition to a restaurant in the allotment garden colony, the only other open restaurant is the “Schatulle” restaurant. This is located opposite the open-air stage at a larger crossroads and is located in a changing room and administration building built in 1936/1937, which was converted into a restaurant after the Second World War.
Sports facilities
In accordance with the Volkspark concept of the time, which saw parks primarily as a place of recreation and leisure for the population, the planners attached importance to numerous sports facilities during construction. In the center of the park there are several sports fields, a large meadow - the practice meadow or, colloquially, the catcher meadow - and the Rehberge stadium. There are four tennis courts to the east of the stadium. A toboggan run goes down the west side of a sand dune from an elevation on which the Rathenau monument stands. The height difference of the track is 20 meters, it is a total of 300 meters long.
The sports facilities are structured by a comparatively formal park design made up of hedges, rows of trees, avenues and roundabouts.
The facilities are used by numerous recreational athletes who jog here. However, there is also organized club life. The BSC Rehberge 1945 has its home in the Rehberge stadium. The tennis facilities are used by BTC Rot-Gold and TSV Wedding . Between 1949 and 1952, half of the tennis courts were used exclusively by officers of the French occupying forces. The Berlin Cricket Club made its first attempts at training and playing cricket on the lawns of the Volkspark in the 1990s, still under the name "The Refugees", before the club finally moved to the Olympic site .
Former changing rooms
At the entrance to the large playground there are two former changing rooms in a symmetrical arrangement. The north of the two was built in 1929 by Friedrich Hellweg in the New Objectivity style. In 1950 it was converted into a restaurant. For many years the “café” was located in this building, today it is empty. The southern changing building was built in 1935/1936 by the Wedding building authority.
Dance ring
The dance ring is located north of the dune belt. The ring, laid out in 1929 in the midst of a Douglas fir backdrop, was originally intended to be used for "gymnastic exercises and folk dances". The ring is recessed and has a grandstand. This was rebuilt after the war in 1951 with 410 seats and renewed in 1979 in a simplified way.
Sports house
The sports house is located above and north of the competition track. The building, symmetrically constructed according to plans by Friedrich Hellweg in the New Objectivity style, offers a vantage point over the lower-lying sports facilities. It was planned for the provision and social stay of the athletes.
Outdoor stage
The open-air theater was built in 1935/1936 on the flank of the Leutnantsberg at the instigation of the National Socialists by the district garden administration. This should be created as a "celebration site" or thing place as part of the thing movement and has 4,000 seats and 11,000 standing places. These are surrounded by various coniferous trees. The entrance is a former cloakroom from 1948/1949. After the Second World War, it was mainly used to perform comedies and operettas . After several years of major damage from vandalism and the unsuccessful search for a new operator, the open-air theater was closed as an event location by the district office in 1998. In 2008 it was sold for the symbolic price of 1 euro to a private operator who resumed gaming with open-air cinema and theater performances in summer 2009 after the necessary renovation.
Game reserve
In the western part of the park there are several game reserves. At times only one wild boar , mouflons , pheasants and a fallow deer lived in the enclosure. Original plans were for the game reserve to be renatured after his death. After the boar's death in May 2015, a broad movement campaigned for the preservation of the enclosures. After the city bear Schnute , who had lived in a small enclosure in the Mitte district, died in October 2015, the Mitte district - responsible for both Schnute and the Rehberge - decided to fully integrate the capacities that had previously been allocated to the Berlin city bears To invest in Rehberge. This not only brought new money to the Rehberge, but also a full-time animal keeper. In January 2016 there were a total of around 20 animals in the enclosures. The enclosures are particularly attractive for daycare centers and school children who visit them.
Allotment colony
Since the late 19th century, several wild allotment garden settlements, so-called "arbor colonies", had been established on the site of the Rehberge. These should be replaced by an organized allotment garden as part of the park expansion. The allotment gardeners should get a replacement in the facility in the Rehbergen. While the arbor colonies grew unplanned and improvised, the allotment garden colonies were well planned. The magazine Die Gartenwelt praised in 1929 that efforts were made to "prevent the tiresome motley of the usual allotment gardens by precise regulations for the division of the plots [...] and the construction and painting of the arbours." The residents had to adhere to fixed guidelines, with which, for example, the size, shape and color of the arbors, the height of the fences or the width of the paths were fixed, as well as the type, size and design of the plants. The city laid the paths between the parcels, planted hedge and fruit tree avenues and laid a water pipe on the site. The remaining work fell into the hands of the plot users.
The future residents had to prove to the city that they already had experience with the creation and maintenance of a garden and assure that they kept their garden in a tidy condition. For most of the residents of the garden colony, moving to the allotment garden colony was out of the question: the rent was 10 Reichsmarks per month, plus a one-off payment of 30 Reichsmarks. The average rent for a two-room apartment in Berlin at that time was 43.75 marks. For most arbor colonists, often first or second generation immigrants who lived on the edge of the subsistence level, these were prohibitively high costs. The users of the allotment gardens changed due to the layout of the park: they were previously mostly simple workers who lived in the arboretum and lived on the vegetables grown there, but now mainly hobby gardeners came who had a real apartment in addition to the arbor mainly used the garden for recreational purposes.
The allotment garden colony is designed as a permanent garden colony, which means that the area is no longer available for further urban development. The colony in the northwest of the park was to serve as a model for other colonies and was characterized by strict requirements with regard to the use and design of the gardens. All plots were cut the same way and there were, for example, only three permitted types of arbor, the Sonntagsfreude , Kinderland and Recreation types , which cost between 800 and 1000 Reichsmarks. Even the names made it clear that the arbors were not intended for living, but for leisure and weekend activities. The arbor types had emerged from a competition of the Reich Association of Allotment Garden Associations, had to be built by the gardeners themselves and each had a kitchen, a bedroom and a veranda. Originally, Japanese temple gates lined the entrances to the parcels. The plans for the colony came from Barth and Germer. While numerous arbors still show the original design, the gates are now hardly preserved. The main paths of the colony are lined with hedges made of hornbeams , the side paths are lined with hedges made of flowering bushes . A cherry or plum tree was placed on each of the plots to create an avenue effect. Further standard trunks were only allowed to be planted in the immediate vicinity of the arbors. The allotment garden colony is separated into two parts by a ridge that can be climbed with stairs.
Monuments
Rathenau monument
In October 1930, the Rathenau fountain was erected at the end of the great sickle dune at the suggestion of the then Mayor of Berlin, Gustav Böß . An unusually long planning phase had preceded: Georg Kolbe's idea of designing the Rathenau monument not figuratively, but as a purely abstract form, initially encountered resistance.
The sculptor reported: “The Berlin art deputation (some 30 men and women) was completely taken aback when they met to decide on my design for the Rathenau fountain. There wasn't a single figure to be seen! This resulted in a unanimous rejection: Thanks to a few insightful men, the fountain idea prevailed after a year and a half of hanging and choking. I was even allowed to run a simple set of stairs. "
It was mainly thanks to the support of the Lord Mayor Gustav Böß that the contract for the construction of the Rathenau fountain was concluded in November 1929. The city of Berlin awarded the contract; the financing is said to have been taken over by the AEG . The simple shapes of the stairs and the large fountain were tailored to the unique location at the end of a long ridge. This forms, as it were, the base for the sculptural work of art. Only a large form could exist here. So it is understandable that Kolbe - although otherwise known as a figurative sculptor - fought passionately for his abstract Rathenau project.
In 1931, the well-known art historian Paul Ortwin Rave describes the facility: “The last stretch goes between rows of freshly planted trees, straight to the fountain, behind which the grassy area, used as a toboggan run in winter, gently slopes down. Walking this Via triumphalis Weddingensis, one enjoys manifold views. This approximately 100 m long avenue ends at a slightly raised round square. Eight steps lead up, made of granite, as well as the side stairwells, which carry the flat bronze panels with portraits of Emil and Walther Rathenau on the front . The powerful, sturdy structure made of dark ore is supposed to cover the delicate veil of trickling water all around, so that the impression of a constantly circling upward winding movement, the artistic glorification of a power-converting engine, is fully created. And the water circles in the huge bowl on the floor from the outside to the inside, guided by the skilful guidance of the drainage tracks, to disappear swirling in the middle.
In a contemporary review it was said: “A fountain without symbols, without monumental force and pathetics. In Germany, which had barely overcome the Wilhelmine monument inflation, this work was particularly modern. In its size, simplicity and dynamism, it was a more adequate, more expressive sign than figurative allegories could be. It is precisely because of the abstract, strict shape of the fountain that it can still look contemporary today - unlike many monuments from the first half of the 20th century. "
The Rathenau fountain was popularly known as the tax screw , alluding to rising taxes . It only stood for four years: in 1934 the bronze spiral was removed. They pretended to want to redesign the hill as a deployment area, but this was not done. In fact, the National Socialists did not tolerate any monuments for Jewish citizens. For this reason, the bronze reliefs for Emil and Walther Rathenau were also removed, probably improperly, which was clearly shown by breakouts on the left granite pillar. The fountain basin was initially stored on the grounds of the Wedding Garden Administration. Assurances that it would be set up elsewhere were not kept. In 1941 it was melted down and the bronze was used to cast the damaged Schiller memorial by Reinhold Begas . This bronze is now in Schillerpark , Wedding. The marble figure of the poet stood in the Lietzenseepark in Charlottenburg from 1952 to 1987 . Then it was returned to East Berlin on the occasion of the 750th anniversary celebration. The reconstructed monument was erected here in 1988 on the Gendarmenmarkt .
The staircase with the side granite pillars and the large granite base of the fountain were preserved. Therefore, the restoration of the Rathenau fountain was considered several times. Above all, the Mayor of Wedding , Mattis , advocated this.
The sculptor Richard Scheibe and Margrit Schwartzkopff, the first director of the Georg Kolbe Museum , were consulted. In 1962, Noack's fine art foundry submitted an initial cost estimate of 250,000 DM. AEG donated 58,000 DM in 1964. However, the mayor at the time, Mattis, did not succeed in raising the remaining funds. The AEG donation was later used for the 'Walther-Rathenau-Saal' in Wedding Town Hall .
The reconstruction of the picture and the two portrait reliefs was done by the sculptor Harald Haacke - master student of Richard Scheibe - in cooperation with the art foundry Hermann Noack , which was also commissioned for the first casting, under the project management of Michael Hennemann. Haacke had received the Georg Kolbe Prize in 1951 and has since led a. a. Commissions (reconstructions and new designs) for the administration of the palaces and gardens, for the Berlin State Conservator and comparable institutions (later e.g. the enlarged sculpture by Käthe Kollwitz 'Mother with Dead Son' in the Neue Wache .)
The bronze casting of the Rathenau fountain took place - ultimately a second time - in the Noack art foundry. The funds for the realization were made available from the special fund for measures to maintain and improve the cityscape of Berlin.
Wrestler
The sculpture of two wrestlers was created in 1906 by Wilhelm Haverkamp . It was originally located in a central location in Schillerpark , but had to give way to a newly erected Schiller monument there in 1941. Standing on a base made of shell limestone , the larger-than-life sculpture shows the fight between two naked wrestlers. It shows the tension of the athletes and is reminiscent of the Hercules- Antaeus motif. The statue was made of bronze.
Natural monument
A boulder in the park is a protected natural monument. It is located about halfway between the Transvaalstraße and the southern corner of the Catcherwiese in a wooded area.
literature
- Franz Affeld: The Rehberge Park, its history, plants and animals . State Office for Nature Conservation u. Landscape conservation in Berlin, 1961.
- Dietmar Land and Jürgen Wenzel (eds.): Home, nature and cosmopolitan city. Life and work of the garden architect Erwin Barth. Publishing house Koehler & Amelang. Leipzig 2005, ISBN 3-7338-0338-8
- Karin Mahlich: The Rehberge Park . In: Helmut Engel u. a. (Ed.): Geschichtslandschaft Berlin , Volume 3: Wedding. Nicolai, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-87584-296-0 , pp. 446-464.
- Clemens Alexander Wimmer: Parks and Gardens in Berlin and Potsdam ; ed. Senator for Urban Development and Environmental Protection, Section III - Garden Monument Preservation. 3. Edition. Nicolaische Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin 1989, ISBN 3-87584-267-7 , pp. 52–54.
- Rainer Stürmer: From Friedrichshain to Volkspark Rehberge - communal green in Berlin . In: Marie-Louise von Plessen (Ed.): Berlin through the flower or cabbage and turnips. Garden art in Berlin-Brandenburg . Nicolaische Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin 1985, ISBN 3-87584-147-6 , pp. 168 f., 182 f.
- Herbert Sukopp: Ecological report Rehberge Berlin: Construction and operational effects of the BAB on the Volkspark and its surroundings . Techn. Univ. Berlin, University Library, Publications Dept., 1984.
- Daniel Widmaier: The classic Volkspark in Berlin . In: Die Gartenkunst (Worms), 1997, 9, 1 ISSN 0935-0519
- Matthias Donath, Gabriele Schulz: District middle districts Wedding and Gesundbrunnen . Ed .: Landesdenkmalamt Berlin (= monument topography Federal Republic of Germany . Monuments in Berlin). Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2004, ISBN 3-937251-26-X , p. 248 ff .
Web links
- Entry in the Berlin State Monument List with further information
- 41 sheets with redesign drafts for the Volkspark by Erwin Barth in the architecture museum of the TU Berlin
- Permanent colony Rehberge e. V.
Individual evidence
- ^ Volkspark Rehberge - European Nature Information System (EUNIS). European Environment Agency (EEA), accessed on March 11, 2016 .
- ↑ a b c Volkspark Rehberge / State of Berlin. In: berlin.de. September 1, 2005, accessed February 26, 2018 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Martin Kleinlosen: Kommunales Grün - Volkspark Rehberge 20s . In: Bezirksamt Wedding von Berlin (Ed.): "... where a free and healthy air breathes ..." On the origin and importance of the Volksparke in Wedding . Kulturbuch-Verlag, Berlin 1988, p. 48-61 .
- ^ A b c Franz Affeld: The Rehberge public park. Its history, plants and animals. Walter Grützmacher, Berlin 1961, p. 7 .
- ↑ Tagesspiegel, a place of learning and remembrance in the African Quarter in Wedding, On Safari through Wedding, November 14, 2013, 3:31 pm, By Nora Tschepe-Wiesinger
- ↑ a b c d Franz Affeld: Volkspark Rehberge. Its history, animals and plants. Ed .: State Office for Nature Conservation and Landscape Management in Berlin. Walter Grützmacher, Berlin 1961, p. 13-18 .
- ↑ a b c d G. Gunder: The new public park Rehberge . In: The garden world . tape 33 , no. 12 . Berlin March 22, 1929, p. 162 f . ( tu-berlin.de [PDF]).
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Mark Hobbs: 'Farmers on notice': the threat faced by Weimar Berlin's garden colonies in the face of the city's Neues Bauen housing program . In: Urban History . tape 39 , no. 02 , May 1, 2012, ISSN 1469-8706 , p. 263–284 , doi : 10.1017 / S0963926812000053 ( cambridge.org [accessed March 22, 2016]).
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa from Matthias Donath: Mitte district, Wedding and Gesundbrunnen districts . In: Senate Department for Urban Development and Environmental Protection (Ed.): Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany . Monuments in Berlin. Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2004, ISBN 3-937251-26-X , p. 247-251 .
- ↑ a b Gerd Kittelmann: Volksparke 1933–1945 . In: Bezirksamt Wedding von Berlin (Ed.): "... where a free and healthy air breathes ..." On the origin and importance of the Volksparke in Wedding . Kulturbuch Verlag, Berlin 1988, p. 62-65 .
- ↑ a b c Grabowski & Moeck: Expert opinion on plants and animals on the approval process for the Tegel waterworks . Berlin November 2006, p. 37–38 ( Umwelt-beteiligung.de [PDF]).
- ↑ a b c d Franz Michael Rohm: Meadows, mouflons, naked catchers in the Rehberge Park. In: Berliner Morgenpost. Retrieved March 2, 2016 .
- ^ Jens Lachmund: Greening Berlin: The Co-production of Science, Politics, and Urban Nature . MIT Press, 2013, ISBN 978-0-262-01859-3 , pp. 71 .
- ↑ a b Grabowski & Moeck: Expert opinion on plants and animals on the approval process for the Tegel waterworks . Berlin November 2006, p. 91 ( Umwelt-beteiligung.de [PDF]).
- ↑ The 5 best toboggan runs in Wedding. In: Weddingweiser. Retrieved March 2, 2016 .
- ↑ BTC Rot-Gold e. V. - Home page. In: www.btc-rotgold.de. Retrieved March 21, 2016 .
- ^ TSV Wedding 1862 e. V. In: www.tsv-wedding.de. Retrieved March 21, 2016 .
- ↑ Constantin Stüve: The Berlin Cricket Club tours India - at cost price: refugees among themselves. In: Berliner Zeitung. February 14, 2009, accessed March 21, 2016 .
- ↑ Berliner Woche, local edition for Wedding from July 16, 2008
- ↑ Dirk Jericho: BVV for game enclosures: district office should take care of it. In: berliner-woche.de. Retrieved March 2, 2016 .
- ↑ Dirk Jericho: After Schnute's death: District employs staff in the Weddinger game reserve. In: berliner-woche.de. Retrieved March 2, 2016 .
- ↑ a b Rehberge allotment garden. In: www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de. Retrieved March 11, 2016 .