Fiefdom
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Fiefdom
City of Schiltach
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| Height : | 295–842 m above sea level NN |
| Area : | 27.42 km² |
| Residents : | 740 (December 31, 2011) |
| Population density : | 27 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | April 1, 1974 |
| Postal code : | 77761 |
| Primaries : | 07836, 07834 |
Lehengericht is a district of Schiltach in the Black Forest and was a separate municipality until 1973. Lehengericht is now in the Rottweil district , previously in the Wolfach district in Baden-Württemberg , which was dissolved in 1973 . The district is traversed by the Kinzig and the Schiltach . Lehengericht is originally a typical Black Forest scattered settlement .
geography
Districts
Fief court consists of the districts of Vorderlehengericht, Hinterlehengericht and the Reichenbächle staff. The Reichenbächle staff separates the parts of the area into the Vorder- and Hinterlehengericht, as this valley is exactly in between. Insofar as one can speak of larger residential areas at all, since Lehengericht was originally a scattered settlement, the main areas of settlement developed in the second half of the 20th century:
- Residential area Bühl in Vorderlehengericht (new building area)
- Before Eulersbach (today's center of Vorderlehengericht)
- Herdweg residential area in Hinterlehengericht
- Welschdorf in Hinterlehengericht
The residential area Am Hohenstein had to give way completely to tunnel construction to bypass the city of Schiltach and was demolished. Coming from the front Kinzig valley you first come across the Bühl residential area, a new housing estate on the right of the B 294 . This is followed by the Vorderlehengericht (Vor Eulersbach), behind Schiltach, shortly before the Hinterlehengericht, the Herdweg residential area, then the Hinterlehengericht. The former Reichenbächle staff (with Stammelbach and Hunersbach), which formerly belonged to Lauterbach (Black Forest) in Württemberg , is a side valley, just behind Schiltach in the direction of Hinterlehengericht. The center of Hinterlehengericht is also known as Welschdorf.
In the statistics of the Wolfach district from 1950, the following residential areas, courtyards, houses and tines are named:
Hinterlehengericht : Aichberg, Am Steg, Auf dem Grün, Auf dem Hof, Bei Höfen, Breitreute, Deisenbauernhof, Herdweg, Herrenweg, Hinterhof, Hinterholz, Hinterlehen, Hofbauernhof, Hollai, Hütte, Im hinter Erdlinsbach, Im Hunsel, Im Kienbach, Kienbächle, Kienbronn, Oberstaigenbach, Pfundsteinhof, Ramsel, Riesen, Rohrbach, Rohrbachgrund, Rotlach, Rubstock, Sommerwies, Unterstaigenbach, Before the rear Erdlinsbach, Before Hunsel, Before Reichenbächle, Welschdorf.
Vorderlehengericht : Am Hohenstein, Bohmen, Bühl, Emlinsberg, Fischbach, Grumpen, Grumpenbächle, Heuwiese, Höllgraben, Im Eulersbach, Im lower Erdlinsbach, Liefersberg, Lindenhof, Moosenmättle, Schmelze, Schöngrund, Schrofen, Sulzbächle , Vor dem lower Erdlinsbach, Vor Eulersbach Pastures.
District
The district of Lehengericht is much larger than that of the city of Schiltach. It covers 2,986 hectares. The district of the Reichenbächle staff, which has only belonged to the feudal court since 1956, is located between the districts of the Vorder- and Hinterlehengericht. The Sulzbächle exclave with the Fischbach and Konradshof was ceded to Wolfach in 1978.
history
The settlement of this area and thus also the district of Lehengericht took place between the 10th and 12th centuries from the east, as the mountains were more accessible from this direction than from the Rhine . Individual farms emerged, some with large land holdings.
On the one hand, the Bühlhöfe were built, which were protected from flooding and stood at a moderate height above the valley. On the other hand, valley courtyards were created, which then partly owned an entire side valley. They originated at the beginnings of the valley or at the forks of the valley; old examples are the Eulersbacher Hof (Yllersbach, 16th century) or the Hunselhof (hunsail, 16th century). As the population increased, mountain farms also emerged. Originally there were around 18 old settlement courtyards in the area, but the number of courtyards was increased over time.
These court estates were probably placed under the rule of Schiltach at the latest when the town and castle of Schiltach were founded and the farmers became the owners of the rule.
So you had to manage the farms, cultivate them, but were also responsible for taxes, etc.
From 1525 the feudal farmers gained in importance, they had their own representatives in the city court (today city council) in Schiltach. To distinguish between the councils of the town of Schiltach and those of the farmers , the farmers' councils were then called the fiefdom.
So it was probably the easiest to apply the name of the administrative body to the whole settlement; then you knew immediately who was meant.
In 1769 there were already 31 farms and some day laborer's houses .
Due to ongoing disputes regarding the rafting rights between the townspeople and the farmers of the feudal court, as well as disputes about the maintenance costs of roads, etc., in which the feudal judges felt disadvantaged compared to the Schiltach people, from 1769 there was repeated pleading for a detachment of the feudal court from Schiltach .
1809 The edict of organization is issued, in which the fiefdom citizenry demands the separation of Schiltach and initiates it with the authorities.
1810 Lehengericht is separated from Alt-Württemberg and, together with Schiltach, is added to the Grand Duchy of Baden . The Reichenbächle staff remains with Württemberg and thus belongs to Lauterbach. This remains so until 1956.
1815 The Wolfach office has a vote carried out in which the majority of all Schiltach and Lehengericht citizens speak out in favor of separating the two places.
November 10, 1817 The deed of separation is presented to the two communities for signature.
January 31, 1818 The separation certificate is given to the Grand Heroes. Bath. Ministry of Interior signed. Lehengericht is an independent municipality . Since Schiltach has always been the center of fiefdoms, the council meetings were first held in the Gasthaus Ochsen in Schiltach, later, as it is today, the fiefdom town hall was and is the only one in all of Germany in a foreign district, in the middle of Schiltach the Protestant town church.
From 1803/07, branch schools were set up in Hinter- or Vorderlehengericht to shorten the long ways to school for the children. 1834 construction of his own school in the Vorderlehengericht, a little later in the Hinterlehengericht. At the beginning of the 1970s, the dwarf schools were closed again and the students were returned to the Schiltach School.
1956 By contract with Lauterbach in Württemberg, the Reichenbächle staff is incorporated into a fiefdom with the Hunersbach and the Stammelbach.
With effect from January 1, 1973, the Wolfach district is dissolved, and the Lehengericht community becomes part of the Rottweil district .
On April 1, 1974 Lehengericht becomes again a district of Schiltach.
On July 1, 1978, the Sulzbächle fiefdom exclave was transferred to the town of Wolfach , and the area "Vor Heubach" was added to the town of Schiltach .
The Hinterlehengericht stop was on the Schiltach – Schramberg railway line .
Population development
Fiefdom had in the year:
- 1961: 1089 inhabitants
- 1970: 1008 inhabitants
- 1973: 1017 inhabitants (before incorporation)
- 2005: 770 inhabitants
- 2010: 600 inhabitants (approximate)
The strong population losses can be explained by the loss of the Sulzbächle exclave to the city of Wolfach in 1979, but certainly also by the declining agriculture and the increase in mechanical work with the associated decrease in the number of agricultural unskilled workers.
Religions
Lehengericht, like the main town of Schiltach, has been Protestant since the Reformation . The place never had its own church. Lehengericht belongs to the parish of Schiltach. You attend the service in the Protestant town church of Schiltach. Other denominations are few in number; the Catholic citizens go to the Holy Mass in the church of St. John the Baptist in Schiltach.
politics
Mayor of Lehengericht
- 1817–1819: Mathias Bühler;
- 1819–1825: Johann Georg Schwenk;
- 1825–1835: Johann Bühler;
- 1835–1836: Christian Arnold;
- 1836–1847: Karl Dorner, Welschdorf;
- 1847–1866: Johann Kirgis, Höfenhof;
- 1866–1871: Isaak Bühler, Kienbronn;
- 1871–1889: Johann Bühler, Müller, Vor Eulersbach;
- 1889–1904: Mathias Bühler, Konradshof;
- 1904–1914: Mathias Braun, Hinterlehengericht;
- 1914–1924: Jakob Friedrich Bühler, Konradshof;
- 1924–1946: Wilhelm Bühler, Eulersbacher Hof;
- 1946–1966: Karl Bühler, Im Eulersbach;
- 1966–1974: Gustav Kramer, Schiltach (afterwards mayor)
coat of arms
The then municipality of Lehengericht received a crowned, leaping lion in black and yellow as its coat of arms from the Grand Duke.
Culture and sights
The Lehengerichter Rathaus
The former Lehengericht town hall , today the local authority, is an absolute peculiarity. Until 1974 it was the only town hall of a municipality in Germany that was in a foreign district . It is in Schiltach by the Protestant town church. It is a beautiful half-timbered building and is now home to the municipal financial administration and the local administration Lehengericht.
Willenburg
The Willenburg is located above the "Schwenkenhof" where the districts of Schiltach, Lehengericht and Schenkenzell meet . It was originally built at this strategically favorable point where the Roman road from Strasbourg to Rottweil passed. It was built around the year 1100. The builders were either the first dukes of Teck, who are a sideline of the Zähringen family, or even the dukes of Zähringen themselves.
The Willenburg was supposed to take care of those passing by, tariffs were levied here, and the old traffic route over to Rottweil was checked here. So the Willenburg can be seen as the predecessor of the Schiltach castle / town complex, which took over the function of the Willenburg around 1250. A town with a castle could do this better.
The Willenburg disintegrated from this point on.
In the late Middle Ages people spoke of the Willenburger Burgstall, which suggests that the castle was gone.
Klingenburg
The Klingenburg is a ruined castle on the Burbachfelsen in Hinterlehengericht.
The rural life in the sometimes inhospitable Black Forest area, coupled with Protestant beliefs, has produced its own architectural style for the farmhouses and their own clothing that is characteristic of Lehengericht.
The fiefdom farmhouse
The Lehengericht farmhouse belongs to the group of Kinzig valley farmhouses, but overall it looks less dark than the better-known Gutacher Black Forest house . The ground floor consists of masonry, solid granite or red sandstone , depending on the altitude. It takes up the stable. Above that comes the residential floor, which is mostly half-timbered . The attic is covered with boards. In contrast to the Gutacher farmhouse type, the roof has no hip . The back of the courtyard is usually provided with a gate in the attic so that the hay wagon can be driven directly into this floor. The so-called Leibdinghaus (the old part of the farm), as well as a storage house, a cellar house, a mill and a bakery belong to the farm . In contrast to most of the Kinzig valley farms, there are no wayside shrines , crosses , figures of saints or signs of the patron saints on the stable doors on the Lehengericht farmhouse . In the living room there is also no corner of God as usual. This is because the fiefdom farmers have been Protestant since 1538.
The fiefdom costume
The peasant costume of the village of Lehengericht is counted among the most beautiful traditional costumes of the Black Forest, especially the festive costume of single women with their filigree skulls (bridal crowns), which are full of small mirrors and glass beads. The married woman wears a black bonnet ; the man wears a simple, monochrome costume with large brass buttons as jewelry. Overall, the costume is blue. The costume can be seen in the Black Forest costume museum in Haslach and in the museum on the market in Schiltach.
Court sign
In order to identify things to strangers, but also to identify property, all of the large courtyards of Lehengericht had and still have interesting court signs that are attached to the courtyard buildings above the lintels. The felled wood and tools were also marked with the respective court emblem.
industrialization
The peasants partly undertook the trade in wood and its rafting themselves; In some cases they had to sell the wood to the Schiltach boatmen, as they restricted rafting for the fiefdom farmers. The rafting came to an end in 1895. The trade in wood by the farmers continues to flourish, however; Nowadays the wood is transported by truck or processed at the same time on 2 sawmills that are connected to the farms. An art mill was built early on in Hinterlehengericht, which was later replaced by the Junghans-Stahl company. Today there is the company BBS Motor Vehicle Technology AG with its headquarters, a global player for car accessories. In addition, a cloth factory was built in Vorderlehengericht am Hohenstein, which has since been replaced by metalworking companies and a level measurement company. A Black Forest bacon factory rounds off the offer.
traffic
Individual evidence
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 515 .
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 516 .
swell
- Schiltach , Black Forest town in the Kinzig valley
- Alt-Schiltach, historical reports by Fritz Laib
literature
- Hermann Fautz: The history of the separation of the communities of Schiltach and Lehengericht , special print from "Die Ortenau" (28th issue, Offenburg 1941)
- Hermann Fautz: Contribution to the settlement history of the communities Schiltach-Stadt and Lehengericht , Offenburg 1953
- City of Schiltach (Ed.): Lehengericht, 2 volumes, Hausach / Schiltach 2017