Vysoký kámen (Elster Mountains)
| Vysoký kámen (High Stone) |
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 Zobák (Schnabel) rock tower, part of the Vysoký kámen |
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| height | 773.8 m nm | |
| location | Czech Republic | |
| Mountains | Elster Mountains | |
| Coordinates | 50 ° 18 '5 " N , 12 ° 24' 27" E | |
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| rock | Quartzite i. w. S. | |
| Age of the rock | Ordovician | |
The Vysoku kámen (German High stone ) is an up to 773.8 m nm upstanding, striking rock back at the boundary between Westerzgebirge and Elstergebirge the west Czech . The rock ridge and its immediate surroundings have been a protected natural monument since 1974 . It is used as a climbing rock and is also suitable for beginners due to the mostly low level of difficulty of its routes.
geography
The Vysoký kámen is located around 300 m from the border with Germany in Okres Sokolov (Czech Republic) in the Bohemian Vogtland . In the immediate vicinity are the Czech towns of Počátky ( origin ; almost 2 km northeast), Kámen ( Stein am Hohen Stein ; approx. 600 m east) and Kostelní ( Kirchberg am Hohen Stein ; approx. 1.2 km east) as well as the Markneukirchener District Eubabrunn (just under 2 km west) on the German side. The next larger Czech town is the small town of Kraslice ( Graslitz ), 8 km to the east .
The Vysoký kámen is the higher and morphologically clearly more conspicuous of the two summit areas of an approximately 3 km long, relatively wide ridge west of the valley of the Zadní Liboc ( Hintere Leibitsch ) immediately below the confluence of its source streams and southeast or northeast of the Schwarzbach- source streams Wirtsgrundbächel and Lohbach extends in a north-south direction. The other peak of this ridge is around 800 m northwest of the Vysoký kámen, is called Kužel ( cone ) and is 768.7 m high.
Geology and geomorphology
The rock massif is somewhat reminiscent of the ruins of a castle. It consists of an elongated plateau that extends over around 300 m in a north-south direction and often steeply sloping at its edges, from which several individual rock towers rise. It has its highest point at the southern end with the Vyhlidková Skála ('lookout rock '; height above the plateau 25 m; absolute height: 773.8 m nm ). This can be reached via a steel walkway and stairs. Other rock towers are the Zobák ('beak') and the monumental Vêtrná skála ('wind cliffs') at the northern end of the massif.
The rock from which the rock formations are built is a metagrauwacke ( drobový kvarcit in Czech , graywacky quartzite ), a metamorphic sandstone * that was transformed ( metamorphic ) by pressure and heat during the Variscan mountain formation (cf. → Grauwacke ). This special metagrauwacke is called Hoher-Stein-Quarzit in the German-language specialist literature and is placed in the lowest Ordovician (approx. 480 million years ago). The High Stone quartzite is underlain by phyllite (tschech. Fylitická břidlice ) that kámen in the mountain slopes below the Vysoku and on Kužel is pending . The reason for the more rugged shapes and the greater height of the Vysoký kámen compared to the Kužel is the greater resistance to weathering and erosion of the metagrauwacke compared to the phyllite.
In the immediate vicinity of the rock massif, block seas have emerged, which are considered a prime example of frost weathering in the periglacial climate of the cold ages of the Pleistocene (commonly known as the "Ice Age"). The block seas are partially covered with clay . Blueberries, lingonberries and common heather mainly grow in sunny locations.
history
In 1805, hosts were found near the high stone , which had come from a break-in in the church in Kostelní. A small chapel was built at this point from donations in 1817 .
The rock was placed under protection by the Graslitz district council in 1907 after the existence of the mountain was threatened by several quarries built by the four landowners to extract road gravel.
For the numerous hikers, a wooden shack (the Bud'n) was built as a makeshift inn as early as 1883. After a lightning strike, the first real restaurant on the Hohen Stein was built as a half-timbered building in 1885. It quickly developed into a popular destination. In 1906 this restaurant also burned down. Children playing with matches had caused the fire. In the same year the building was rebuilt and in 1928 a large dance hall was added. For the third time in 1937 the restaurant was destroyed by flames. The reconstruction proceeded quickly with the financial support of a Markneukirchen manufacturer. The fourth inn existed from 1938 to 1946.
At the end of the Second World War in May 1945, the Hohe Stein served the scattered German soldiers retreating from the Sudetenland as a point of contact, from which they could walk through the dense forests unmolested from checkpoints of the US occupation army via the places Eubabrunn and, which are now incorporated into the town of Markneukirchen Wernitzgrün could get home. Numerous members of the Wehrmacht escaped imprisonment in this way.
The chapel and the inn on the Hohen Stein were destroyed after 1945. The well, about eight meters deep, is hidden in the forest and still preserved. The clear opening is 83 × 100 cm. The chapel was rebuilt in a different form by the Czech Forest Service in 2016 and consecrated in 2017.
In spring 2014, the railing and the access to the observation rock were renewed.
Access
The Hohe Stein can be reached by foot in about an hour from the district of Eubabrunn (parking lot at the open-air museum). On the German side, the paths are paved and partially signposted. On the Czech side, an old, stone-paved, red-marked field path leads from Kostelní via Kámen almost to the top in 20 minutes.
view
From the lookout rock you have a wide view to the west into the valley of the Schwarzbach with Erlbach and Markneukirchen . On the horizon you can see the Háj ( Hainberg ) near Aš and, if visibility is good, in the Fichtelgebirge to the southwest, the Großer Kornberg , the Ochsenkopf and the Schneeberg . In addition, the Dyleň ( Tillenberg ) on the Bavarian-Czech border and the Slavkovský les ( Kaiserwald ), which slopes steeply to the west, can be seen in the south .
literature
- Hoher Stein / Vysoký kámen - A scenic gem , publication series “Markneukirchen from then to tomorrow”, issue 3, October 2008
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Birgit Mingram: Geochemical signatures of the metasediments of the Erzgebirge crust pile. Scientific Technical Report STR 9604, GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, 1996 (publication of a dissertation at the University of Giessen in 1995), urn : nbn: de: kobv: b103-960025 , p. 27; see also the literature cited therein
- ↑ Age information according to the correlation mentioned in Mingram (1996) of the high stone quartzite with the basal layers of the Phycoden sequence or with the Frauenbach sequence of the Thuringian-Franconian-Vogtland slate mountains , cf. German Stratigraphic Commission (Ed .; coordination and design: Manfred Menning, Andreas Hendrich): Stratigraphic Table of Germany 2016. Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, Potsdam 2016, ISBN 978-3-9816597-7-1 ( online )