Legnickie Pole
| Legnickie Pole | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Lower Silesia | ||
| Powiat : | Legnica | ||
| Gmina : | Legnickie Pole | ||
| Geographic location : | 51 ° 9 ' N , 16 ° 15' E | ||
| Residents : | 780 | ||
| Postal code : | 59-241 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 76 | ||
| License plate : | DLE | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | A4 Wroclaw - Legnica | ||
| Rail route : | Jaworzyna Śląska – Legnica | ||
| Next international airport : | Wroclaw | ||
| administration | |||
| Website : | www.legnickiepole.pl | ||
Legnickie Pole [ lɛgˈɲiʦcɛ ˈpɔlɛ ] (German Wahlstatt , Polish 1945–1948 Dobre Pole ) is a village and seat of the municipality of the same name in southwest Poland . It is located about ten kilometers southeast of Legnica ( Liegnitz ) and belongs to the powiat Legnicki in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship .
history
Origin of the place
The place got its name after the battlefield of the devastating Battle of Liegnitz (or Wahlstatt) in 1241 , in which a Polish-German army of knights was defeated by Mongols of the Golden Horde and in which the Piast Duke Heinrich II. (Called Heinrich the Pious ) found death. The Duchesses Hedwig and her daughter-in-law Anna of Böhmen had a provost's office built at the polling station, which they handed over to the Benedictines from the Opatowitz monastery near Königgrätz . A Gothic provost church was built on the spot where the headless body of Heinrich II was found . It served as a Protestant church from the Reformation until 1945. The memory of the battle and its victims was also kept alive during the Reformation with the annual war Sunday.
After the last of the Opatowitz abbots, who had their seat in Neumarkt after the expulsion by the Hussites , had not found a successor, Duke Friedrich II moved into the Wahlstätter provost in 1535 as a result of the Reformation. The new owner was Hans von Leyningen; after 1592 the property passed to the von Braun family.
With the support of Emperor Leopold I , on May 13, 1703, the Braunau abbot Othmar Daniel Zinke bought back the lands of the provost's election place for the Benedictine congregation, which had been repealed during the Reformation, from the overindebted Lords of Braun .
The construction of the new provost house was delayed because the former monastery church had to be returned to the Protestants due to the Altranstadt Treaty of 1707 . The Breslau prince-bishop Franz Ludwig von Pfalz-Neuburg , who feared that the abbot would detach the parish from the Breslau diocesan association and incorporate it into the Braunau abbey, caused further difficulties . It was not until 1719 that he granted the administrator Father Johannes Kuschel , appointed by Zinke, the pastoral care permit for the provisional chapel in Wahlstatt.
After Abbot Zinke had acquired further goods in Lower Silesia for the endowment of the provost , construction began on June 15, 1719, although the diocesan bishop's approval for the establishment of the provost was not yet available. It was finally granted on June 27, 1723 after Abbot Zinke threatened the bishop with complaints to the emperor and pope.
Construction of the baroque monastery church
The monastery complex and the new monastery church (opposite the simple church building) were built according to plans and under the direction of the master builder Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer . The patroness of the monastery church was St. Hedwig definitely. Most of the furnishings were done by Bohemian and Bavarian artists. The sculptures on the church facade were created by the Prague sculptor Karl Joseph Hiernle based on Dientzenhofer's plans. Inside are the high altar , the side altars, the organ front and the statues of saints. In the summer of 1733 Cosmas Damian Asam painted the ceiling frescoes, the paintings on the four side altars are by Wenzel Lorenz Reiner . The court painter to the Prince-Bishop of Breslau, Johann Franz de Backer , created the main altar painting Finding the Corpse of Heinrich II by Hedwig and Anna . Before it was completed, the auxiliary bishop of Breslau, Elias Daniel von Sommerfelde , consecrated the church on October 7, 1731. The church building is considered a masterpiece by Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer. Along with the monastery church of Grüssau (since 1947 Krzeszów ) it is one of the most impressive baroque churches in Silesia.
In 1992 the first Liegnitz bishop, Tadeusz Rybak, elevated the church to the rank of diocesan pilgrimage church of St. Hedwig of Silesia. Pope John Paul II also visited the facility in 1997.
Further local history from the 18th century
After the First Silesian War , Wahlstatt, like almost all of Silesia, fell to Prussia in 1742 . As a result, there was now a state border between the Wahlstätter Propstei and the mother monastery in Braunau and traffic between the two was subject to state surveillance. Frederick the Great quartered in the monastery in 1761. In 1810 the provost's office was secularized and its possessions were confiscated. Zinc's successor, Abbot Benno Löbel, had to come to terms with the loss.
For his service in the Battle of the Katzbach on August 26, 1813, Field Marshal Blücher was raised to the rank of "Prince of Wahlstatt". The Wahlstatt estate did not come into the possession of his family until 1847.
In 1836 the Prussian tax authorities acquired a piece of land and the former monastery buildings from the then owner of Knorr. A cadet institute with initially 40 places was built in them by 1840 , which was gradually increased to 200 places, so that a further extension was necessary. The first commanding officer was Wilhelm von Chappuis , a well-known ballad poet and nephew of the writer Karl von Holtei . The most famous pupils of the cadet school were Paul von Hindenburg , Manfred von Richthofen and Helmuth von Pannwitz .
As a result of the Peace Treaty of Versailles , the cadet institute had to be dissolved on March 9, 1920. After the transformation into a state educational institution, the lessons continued. After the seizure of power of the Nazis the institution was in a on April 9, 1934 national political reform school converted (Before the Fall). In the last years of the war the prisoner-of-war camp Oflag VIII F was set up in the educational institution and abused for questionable experiments. Mainly French, Yugoslavs and soldiers of the Soviet Army were imprisoned here. Representatives from these countries unveiled a copper plaque (in Polish) on the outer wall of the monastery next to the church entrance on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the liberation.
After the war ended, the Soviet military confiscated the monastery buildings. In the same year, 1945, almost the entire, almost exclusively German population of the place was expropriated and expelled by the Polish authorities.
From 1957 to 1990 the former educational institution housed a psychiatric clinic for women. Since then, the buildings have been used as a nursing home.
On April 14, 2014, the Polish state added the monastery complex and church to the list of architectural monuments .
The originally Gothic monastery church, which has served as a Protestant church since the Reformation, suffered severe damage in the Second World War . The German pastor who remained at the site prevented it from decaying. It has served as a museum since 1961, with a permanent exhibition on the battle of Wahlstatt.
Attractions
- Baroque church of St. Hedwig by Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer
- Gothic village church, houses the Museum of the Battle of Wahlstatt
Sons and daughters of the place
- Hugo von Kottwitz (1815–1897), Prussian infantry general
- Hermann von Chappuis (1838–1910), Prussian lieutenant general
- Hannes Kapuste (* 1932), doctor, health scientist and pioneer of drug substitution in Germany
local community
The rural community ( gmina wiejska ) Legnickie Pole covers an area of 85.37 km² and has around 5000 inhabitants.
literature
- Hugo Weczerka (Hrsg.): Handbook of the historical places . Volume: Silesia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 316). Kröner, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-520-31601-3 .
- Rudolf Walter: Othmar Daniel Zinke (1664–1738) . In: Schlesische Lebensbilder, Vol. 7, pp. 78–84; ISBN 3-7995-6198-6
- Leopold von Wiese : Cadet Years. Langewiesche-Brandt, Ebenhausen near Munich, 1978; ISBN 3-7846-0511-7
Web links
- Official website of the municipality (Polish; partly in German)