Wellme
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Wellme
City of Sankt Goarshausen
Coordinates: 50 ° 10 ′ 17 ″ N , 7 ° 41 ′ 34 ″ E
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| Height : | 72 m above sea level NHN | |
| Incorporation : | 7th June 1969 | |
| Postal code : | 56346 | |
| Area code : | 06771 | |
Location of Wellmich in Rhineland-Palatinate |
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 View of Wellmich on the Rhine with Maus Castle
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Wellmich is a northern part of the Loreley town of St. Goarshausen on the right bank of the Rhine in the center of the Upper Middle Rhine Valley UNESCO World Heritage Site .
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history
middle Ages
In 1067, Wellmich, first mentioned in a document in 1042, was sold to the County of Nassau and the County of Katzenelnbogen and administered jointly by both. In 1318, Kurtrier gained control of Wellmich, and in 1354 it was sold permanently to Kurtrier by Adolf von Nassau .
According to a mention from 1477, the surrounding villages of Prath , Dahlheim , Rheinbay and Hirzenach belonged to the Wellmich Office, which was founded in 1354 . In 1356 Kurtrier received a fortification permit for Wellmich from the emperor, after which the construction of the city wall began. During this time, Maus Castle was built above Wellmich. According to tradition, rivalries between Kurtrier and his southern neighbors, the Counts of Katzenelnbogen, led to the construction of Neukatzenelnbogen Castle - called "Burg Katz" - two kilometers upstream in 1360 . In 1360 the emperor allowed the archbishop of Trier to make Wellmich a city. From this time a fulling mill has been handed down in Wellmich , in which cloth was woven, another branch of the economy besides viticulture.
For the year 1498 45 fireplaces are documented in Wellmich, which corresponded to a population of about 200 people. From 1500 Wellmich was the official seat of the Boppard Empire .
Modern times
In 1509 Wellmich got a municipal constitution through a legal agreement with Kurtrier and in 1538 its own jurisdiction. In the Thirty Years' War the place suffered from billeting , looting and high taxes. From 1671, Jewish residents lived in Wellmich for the first time ; the last left Wellmich in 1938 and emigrated to Uruguay . For the first time, concrete population figures are recorded from the year 1774; Wellmich had 342 inhabitants, including 22 Jews.
The French destroyed in 1689 in the Nine Years War the castle mouse largely, in 1745 they moved again in Wellmich. The first discoveries of lead and zinc ores in 1760 between Wellmich and Prath gave rise to the Gute Hope mine , in which the ore was mined on both sides of the Rhine until 1961. In 1789 Alexander von Humboldt visited the mine.
Modern
The French took Wellmich in 1795 after the French Revolution . The first teacher in Wellmich is documented for 1798. Due to the agreements made in the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss , the remaining territory of Kurtrier on the right bank of the Rhine and thus Wellmich came under the sovereignty of Nassau-Weilburg in 1803 . In 1806 the domain , which had meanwhile become the Duchy of Nassau , joined the Rhine Confederation . In 1866 Prussia annexed the Duchy of Nassau after the German-German war .
After the First World War , Wellmich was under French sovereignty from 1919 to 1930 as part of the Allied occupation of the Rhineland . The neighboring town of Ehrenthal was incorporated in 1933. The time of National Socialism led to the dismissal of the mayor Josef Reiner in 1934, the new mayor was Josef Eschelbach, who remained in office until the mayoral election initiated by the victorious powers in 1945. On March 26, 1945, the US Army occupied Wellmich, which then became part of the French occupation zone . The newly formed state of Rhineland-Palatinate and the district of St. Goarshausen were the higher-level bodies for Wellmich from 1946. In the course of the administrative reform in Rhineland-Palatinate , the municipality of Wellmich became part of Sankt Goarshausen and the newly formed Rhein-Lahn district in 1969 .
Culture and sights
Wellmich's sights are the Maus Castle above the town , the Catholic Church of St. Martin, which was probably built in the second half of the 14th century, and the medieval town fortifications, of which the remains of the town wall and an archway have been preserved.
nature
geology
Wellmich is located in the Rhenish Slate Mountains .
Water and flood problems
The waters near Wellmich include the Rhine and the Wellmich Bach. The risk of flooding from the Rhine for Wellmich is low because the place is relatively high. The Wellmicher Bach caused a flood during the storm in Europe in spring 2016 . The water of the brook destroyed large parts of the road to Dahlheim and also washed away parts of the tennis court and the associated tennis home, which was then in danger of collapsing. The road was then closed for more than a year. At the level of the confluence of the Wellmicher brook into the Rhine, sediments and things washed up with it collected.
religion
Wellmich is mostly Catholic. This can be explained by the membership of the Catholic Electorate (until 1803). A report from 1843 shows the following proportions between the religious groups:
| Religious group | Catholics | Protestant | Jews |
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| number | 426 | 33 | 15th |
This relation still exists today; however, there are no longer any persons of Jewish faith in Wellmich.
In February 2018 the ten formerly independent parishes St. Martin ( Osterspai ), St. Margaretha ( Filsen ), St. Nikolaus ( Kamp-Bornhofen ), St. Jakobus the Elder ( Dahlheim ), St. Georg ( Kestert ), St. Martin (Wellmich), St. John the Baptist ( St. Goarshausen ), St. Nikolaus ( Kaub ), St. Peter and Paul ( Nastätten ) and St. Florin ( Strüth ) to the newly founded Roman Catholic parish “Heilige Elisabeth von Schönau ”, based in Kamp-Bornhofen, is part of the Limburg diocese .
economy
In Wellmich there is only little viticulture, in the valley of the Wellmich brook there are still a few farms, tourism also plays a rather subordinate role in Wellmich - with the exception of Maus Castle , which is open to the public on some dates.
literature
- Hans Schwarz, Rosemarie Lauer: Wellmich and Ehrenthal , St. Goarshausen 1993
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c Hans Schwarz, Rosemarie Lauer: Wellmich and Ehrenthal . St. Goarshausen 1993, p. 99 .
- ↑ Bernd Kölbel, Lucie Terken (ed.): Steven Jan van Geuns. Diary of a trip with Alexander von Humboldt through Hesse, the Palatinate, along the Rhine and through Westphalia in autumn 1789 . Berlin 2007, p. 177 .
- ^ Regional history: St. Martin Wellmich. Retrieved August 6, 2017 .
- ^ Rhein-Zeitung. Retrieved August 6, 2017 .
- ^ Christian Daniel Vogel: Description of the Duchy of Nassau .
- ↑ www.rhein-zeitung.de: Founding service: Parish "Heilige Elisabeth von Schönau" has its seat in Kamp-Bornhofen , accessed on February 6, 2018.