Wiener Hofmusikkapelle
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| State level | Federation | ||
| position | subordinate agency | ||
| At sight | Federal Ministry for Art, Culture, Public Service and Sport | ||
| founding | 15th century as an imperial court chapel (1498, Maximilian I.) | ||
| Headquarters | Vienna 1 ., Hofburg -Schweizerhof (at the Hofburg Chapel ) | ||
| management |
Erwin Ortner (artistic director) Jürgen Partaj (executive director) Peter Schipka (rector) |
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| Website | www.hofmusikkapelle.gv.at | ||
The Wiener Hofmusikkapelle is a Viennese music band . The year of foundation is given as 1498, but already in the Middle Ages there was a rich musical life and institutionalized music at the court. The tradition of the Hofmusikkapelle, which usually gave concerts in the Hofburgkapelle , is continued by the Vienna Philharmonic and the Vienna Boys' Choir .
History of the Hofmusikkapelle
Founding time
Probably there was already under Emperor Friedrich III. (1415–1493) a German and a French choir as well as a group of winds and timpani. The Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus , who occupied Vienna from 1485 to 1490, also had a German and a French choir in Vienna.
Then Maximilian I (1459–1519) proved to be a patron of court music. After his marriage to Maria von Burgund in 1477 and also after her death in 1482, he had a Burgundian court orchestra, which in April 1486 musically performed Maximilian's coronation as Roman-German king in Aachen. He later left this to his son Philipp the Beautiful in the Netherlands. In 1490 Maximilian took over the Innsbruck court orchestra when he reigned in Tyrol , among others with the organist Paul Hofhaimer and the composer Pierre de la Rue . However, at this point in time one cannot speak of a Viennese court orchestra, as the court under Maximilian I was not primarily in Vienna. Until 1498 the chapel had no special connection to Vienna.
On July 7th, 1498 Maximilian I wrote a letter from Freiburg im Breisgau , in which he arranged for a singing master, two bassists and six "mutant boys" to be employed in Vienna. On July 20, 1498, Maximilian's order was reflected in the memorial books of his financial administration. One copy states that Maximilian had to "set up chapels in Vienna, and the same chapels Georgen N. to Singmaister, Bernharten Meder and Oswalten to two bassists, also six mutant boys, namely Adam von Lüttich, Bernharten von Bergen, Mathias vom Krembs, Symon vom Pruck an der Leytha, Johannes von Gmunden, and Steffan von Ybs to discant on Brabandian to discant '.
In general, 1498 is therefore considered to be the year the Vienna Court Orchestra was founded, although it was not really a foundation and there is no actual charter. The Slovenian Georg Slatkonia was appointed spiritual director of the chapel, while the famous musicians under Maximilian I included the Flemish Heinrich Isaac and the Swiss Ludwig Senfl .
The band often went on trips with Maximilian I. In 1495 one was on the Reichstag in Worms , 1496 in Augsburg , 1498 on the Reichstag in Freiburg im Breisgau . In 1500 Augsburg and Bruneck , in 1501 Linz , Nuremberg and Innsbruck were visited.
Under Ferdinand I , most of the members of the court orchestra came from the Habsburg Netherlands , today's Belgium, such as the Kapellmeister Arnold von Bruck (1527–1545), Pieter Maessins (1546–1562), Jean Castileti-Guyot (1563–1564), Philippe de Monte (1568–1603) and Lambert de Sayve (1612–1614), as well as vice bandmaster Stephan Mahu , court organist Jakob Buus (around 1500–1565) and most of the singers.
Baroque
When Ferdinand II took office in 1619, the predominance of Italian musicians began, who introduced the music of the baroque to Vienna. Ferdinand's marriage to Eleonora Gonzaga , whose family were the patrons and supporters of Monteverdi , cemented the links between Vienna and Italian music. The court Kapellmeister since Giovanni Priuli (1619–1629) was mainly active in the field of instrumental and church music. In 1637 Johann Jakob Froberger was appointed court organist. Court Kapellmeister were Giovanni Valentini , Antonio Bertali , Giovanni Felice Sances , Johann Heinrich Schmelzer , Antonio Draghi , Marc'Antonio Ziani and Johann Joseph Fux , under whose direction Antonio Caldara was the vice conductor .
The musical enthusiasm of the composing Emperor Ferdinand III. , Leopold I. , Joseph I. and Karl VI. ensured a heyday of the court music band in the baroque era. The dominant musical genre of the seventeenth century was the opera , which entered Vienna in 1629. In the high baroque, however, church music dominated. The "golden age" of music at the Viennese court ended with the death of Emperor Charles VI. in 1740.
Enlightenment and Viennese Classic
Under Empress Maria Theresa , court music lost its position as an important part of court representation. As part of austerity measures, she leased the chapel to the organist Georg Reutter the Younger . This had a fixed budget from which he had to finance the court music. As a result, not only the quality fell, but also the number of musicians (from 130 to around 20). The planned savings were unsuccessful because Reutter regularly exceeded its budget.
During the Viennese Classic , among others, Christoph Willibald Gluck and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart were court composers. Emperor Joseph II in particular restricted church music and restricted the use of instruments in worship. Antonio Salieri was the last Italian to serve as court conductor (1788-1824). His successor was Joseph von Eybler (1824-1834).
From the 19th century to the present
The function of the court music band was reduced more and more to the sacred area; in the nineteenth century almost only church music was performed. Franz Schubert applied unsuccessfully for the post of assistant to the court conductor. Among the outstanding musicians at the end of the nineteenth century are Anton Bruckner , who was court organist from 1878 to 1892, and the conductor Hans Richter , court music director from 1893 to 1900.
After the collapse of the monarchy, the court orchestra was placed under the Ministry of Education . New choir boys were no longer employed. The ladies of the Vienna State Opera Choir took over the upper voices in the castle chapel until the musicians ceased to serve in 1922.
The Hofmusikkapelle, which still exists today, consists of conductors and organists, the Vienna Boys' Choir , members of the men's choir of the Vienna State Opera and members of the Vienna Philharmonic . In addition to public concerts, her task is in particular to accompany the Sunday masses in the Hofburgkapelle, where the members of the Hofmusikkapelle make music every Sunday (except in July and August). The Ordinarium consists mainly of Ordinarium settings from the Renaissance to the present day with a focus on the Viennese Classic and Romantic periods. The Proprium consists of Gregorian chant and is performed by the Choralschola of the Hofmusikkapelle, which is partly composed of former members of the Vienna Boys' Choir.
Erwin Ortner has been the artistic director since 2009 , Walter Dobner was the managing director until August 2019 , and Ernst Pucher is the rector. Since March 1, 2014, the Vienna Hofburg Chapel has been subordinate to the Federal Chancellery as a subordinate agency . In October 2019, Minister Alexander Schallenberg appointed Jürgen Partaj director of the Vienna Court Music Band for a period of three years and thus succeeded Walter Dobner, who resigned at the end of August.
literature
- Vienna. Article in: MGG , Sachteil Vol. 9, Sp. 2004-2013 (1998).
- Cölestin Wolfsgruber : The Kuk Hofburgkapelle and the Kk Geistliche Hofkapelle . 1905 ( openlibrary.org ).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Elisabeth Th. Hilscher-Fritz: Hofmusikkapelle (s). In: Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon . Online edition, Vienna 2002 ff., ISBN 3-7001-3077-5 ; Print edition: Volume 2, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2003, ISBN 3-7001-3044-9 .
- ^ A b Alfred Orel, in: MGG , Volume 14, p. 605, CD-Rom digital library, p. 80.935.
- ↑ Compare: Friedrich W. Riedel: Church music at the court of Charles VI. Katzbichler, Munich / Salzburg 1977.
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from March 10, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Church Music: Jürgen Partaj new director of the court orchestra. In: Kathpress .at. October 11, 2019, accessed October 12, 2019 .
