Trappe colliery

Trappe colliery
	General information about the mine
	The machine house at the Friederica shaft is being converted into a residential building
other names	Trappe & Adler ; colliery Am Schlebusch ; colliery Trappe colliery to Schlebusch
Funding / year	up to 16,276 t
	Information about the mining company
Employees	up to 82
Start of operation	1739
End of operation	1853
	Funded raw materials
Degradation of	Hard coal
	Geographical location
Coordinates	51 ° 21 '54 " N , 7 ° 20' 14" E Coordinates: 51 ° 21 '54 " N , 7 ° 20' 14" E
	Location Trappe colliery
Location	Schlebusch
local community	Weather
District ( NUTS3 )	Ennepe-Ruhr district
country	State of North Rhine-Westphalia
Country	Germany
District	Ruhr area

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The Trappe colliery is a former hard coal mine in Wetter-Schlebusch and Gevelsberg-Silschede . The mine was also known as Zeche Trappe & Adler , Zeche Trappe zum Schlebusch and at times also as Zeche Am Schlebusch . In the 18th century the mine was one of the most important collieries in the Brandenburg mountain area .

history

The beginnings

The oldest mention of the local coal mining industry refers to a document dated March 30, 1662, which states that the "Fredholder Bank" gallery was built by ancestors 100 years ago. Fredholder Bank had been in operation since at least 1650. The mine was initially referred to by the name of the lent seams Trappe & Adler. The Adler & Trappe seam was located on the southern wing of a hollow that rose to the east. At that time it was assumed that the eagle and bustard were two different seams. A little later, the mine was only given the name Trappe. The mine was then in operation in the area of today's streets Am Hülsey, Am Kapp, Im Blumenthal, Im Steinhausen, Am Messewinkel and Schlebuscher Straße. Around the year 1750 coal was mined by means of a shaft . The Trapper Erbstollen was set up in the following year . For those entitled to do so, this tunnel brought a dismantling height of up to 80 laughs. In 1753 a mutation was laid on the eagle seam on the northern wing . This subsequently led to a lawsuit lasting several years.

Further expansion and operation

In 1754, three shafts were already in operation at the mine. At that time, the mine was also named Zeche Trappe zum Schlebusch and Zeche Trappe auf'm Schlebusch . The mine was operated in three shifts. Around the year 1755 a horse peg was installed on the mine. This horse peg was probably the first horse peg in the Ruhr mining industry . According to the records of the Wetteramt, Adolf Krüner, Adolf Hector, Hermann Tettenberg, Adolf Jürgen Kipperläender and Peter Tettenberg worked as shift supervisors at the mine in 1755 . Four shafts were in operation in 1758 and 1759. These were the pier shaft, the tunnel shaft, the middle shaft and the top shaft. In 1769 the mine was still in operation. There were three shafts in operation, the old and the new tunnel shaft as well as the middle shaft. In 1779, three Göpel shafts were in operation. The depth of these shafts was 95 meters. In 1781 the Trappe colliery was the largest colliery in the county of Mark. The degradation of coal took place in pillar method , the dismantling of the pillars was made partly as first and partly stoping. The occupation of the respective mining sites was usually carried out with two tusks . In 1783 the mine was by the Oberbergrat of speeches navigate . At this point in time there were three shafts and three tunnels, the deepest of the tunnels had already been excavated 3000 feet .

In June of the year 1784 the mine was visited by the manager of the Brandenburg mountain area, Freiherr vom Stein . The Trappe Bank colliery was one of 63 mines that vom Stein visited on its eighteen-day journey through the Brandenburg mountain district. At this time, the wells I were in the mine to IV in promotion . The inspection began with the cable ride in one of the shafts in the uppermost Schlebusch. Vom Stein gave information in his protocol about the condition of the mine and the performance and payment of the miners employed there . The stone was impressed by the high quality of the deposit and the efficiency of the Trappe colliery. In 1785 a new shaft was sunk . The shaft was 64 Lachter south of the conveying shaft I recognized . The shaft was created by means of drilling and blasting work and sunk down to the tunnel that had already been created; black powder was used as the explosive . In the same year, a complete coal pillar including the shaft there was broken . In the following year the new shaft was put into operation, a horse peg was used as a drive. In 1787 the mine was listed on the Niemeyer's map . In 1788, a cross passage to the St. Peter colliery was set up. Through this measure a multiple depth of 16 laughs was achieved. In 1790 the Friederica shaft was sunk. The shaft was built with a ton- long depth of 95 meters. The shaft was equipped with a horse peg. At that time, was on the mine slack promoted. A conveyor man needed around three minutes to fill the bucket . In 1795, mining began under the bottom of the tunnel by means of a die . At that time, the Trappe colliery was the second largest mine in the Blankenstein area after the Egerbank colliery .

The mine in the 19th century

In 1800 the Heidstück shaft and the Göpel Theodor shaft were in operation. Schacht had previously Heidstück a new brick a few years shaft lining obtained. In 1805 the Albertine shaft and the Heidstück shaft were in operation. In 1807 the mine shaft was sunk to the Blumdahler tunnel. The shaft reached a depth of 15 3/8 laughs. In 1810 the Sylvia shaft and the treasure trove shaft were in operation. In the same year the Trapper Erbstollen was taken over by the Trappe colliery. In 1813 the Trapper Erbstollen was driven further west from light hole 16. In the following year, the sinking work for the Friedrich Wilhelm shaft began. In the same year, the Sylvia and Fundgrubenschacht shafts were in operation. In 1816 the Friedrich Wilhelm shaft reached a shallow depth of 59 pools. In 1817 the Friedrich Wilhelm shaft went into production. Since the horse göpel was not sufficient to provide the required performance, the göpel was equipped with two horses. This should shorten the horses' breathing times. In addition, a göpel driver was employed in addition to the normal occupancy of the shaft. However, all of this was not enough to significantly increase the shaft's production capacity. In 1817 the tradesmen decided to equip the Friederica shaft with a steam-powered gopel. On August 17, 1819, the Trapper Erbstollen was granted the right to continue driving to the west as Schlebuscher Erbstollen. The following year, the Friederica shaft and the Friedrich Wilhelm shaft were in operation. In order to solve the mines Free Vogel and Löwe , a tunnel cross passage was excavated.

In September 1822 the Friederica shaft was equipped with a steam hoisting machine. The machine had a standing cylinder with a diameter of 380 millimeters and had an output of seven hp . The machine was built by Thomas Harkort & Co. Due to the high costs, the installation of this machine was only possible with a special financial effort by the trades. At that time, most of the surrounding mines still operated horse-powered gopel systems. The Friederica shaft became the main shaft that year, the Friedrich Wilhelm shaft became the reserve shaft. In 1825 the Constanz shaft, the Göpel shaft, the Friederica shaft and the Friedrich Wilhelm shaft were in operation. The investments in the new steam-powered hoisting machine paid off as early as 1826. The Trappe colliery was again the largest colliery in the Ruhr area this year. In 1828 the Friedrich Wilhelm shaft reached a shallow depth of 155 meters. In 1829 the Schlebusch-Harkorter coal railway was put into operation. In the same year, the Friedrich Wilhelm and Friederica shafts were in operation. At that time, the mine had the greatest depth of all 28 pits with a steam hoist. In 1833 the Trappe colliery was still the leading mine in the Ruhr area. A seam with a thickness of five feet was mined, of which 4.5 feet were pure coal, the rest of the seam was composed of fire slate. In 1836 the mine was replaced by the Wiesche colliery in Mülheim an der Ruhr as the largest mine. In 1839, none was on the bill Trappe for a long time alignment rather than more. Due to water inflows with fetid waters that had Drift excavation will be temporarily suspended and resumed only at the end of the year. Cleaning and maintenance work was carried out on the Blumendahlersohle.

The last few years

In 1842 the rights of the Trappe colliery consisted of the Trapper Erbstollen, the Schlebuscher Erbstollen, the Adler field and its own pit field . At that time, this was also known as the Trappe & Adler Erbstollen, and the mine was also called the United Trappe mine for the first time . In the following year, the sinking work began for a ton-long art shaft. This shaft should be used for the transition to civil engineering . In September this year, the sinking operation were due to water inflows deferred . So that the water could flow downwards, work began in 1844 to provide the artificial shaft with a borehole. The following year the borehole reached the bottom of the Trapper tunnel. Shortly thereafter, the sinking work was resumed. In October 1846, the United Trappe Union was formed for the new civil engineering plant. In 1847, the coal reserves above the bottom of the Friederica shaft were depleted to such an extent that they could only last for a maximum of seven years. In 1848 a new hoisting machine building was built at the Friederica shaft. In 1850 the Friedrich Wilhelm shaft and the Friederica shaft were in operation. On December 30, 1853 , the Trappe colliery consolidated with the United Wülfingsburg colliery and other authorized persons to form the United Trappe colliery. This consolidation was dated back to 1844.

Promotion and workforce

The best quality lean coals and partly also anthracite coals were extracted from the mine . The first known production and workforce figures come from the year 1754, when 17 miners were employed in the mine. This year a total of 3900 tons of hard coal were mined. In 1779 the production was 4573 tons of hard coal. In 1781, around 1700 tons of hard coal were mined with 31 employees. In 1796 the production rose to 6403 tons of hard coal. In 1822, the production was 8,000 tons of hard coal. In 1830 over 9,000 tons of hard coal were mined. In 1835 the production was 200,294 bushels of hard coal. In 1838 49,281 Prussian tons of hard coal were extracted . The workforce was 73 this year. In 1840, 12,221 tons of hard coal were mined. In 1845, 12,407 tons of hard coal were mined. The workforce this year was between 45 and 67 employees. In 1847 65 to 82 people were still employed at the mine; 16,276 tons of hard coal were extracted. These are the last known sponsorship and workforce figures.

Current condition

The machine house of the Friederica mine still exists today from the Trappe colliery. The building has been restored and has been used as a residential house since the restoration. The building is located in Silschede in the street Am Hülsey and there on the right side of the path at the first turn on the left.

History of science

In 1803, the physicist Johann Friedrich Benzenberg carried out an experiment on the law of fall, the resistance of the air and the rotation of the earth in the temporarily closed shaft Zur alten Roßkunst . Bullets were dropped from a height of 42 laughs . With this and a number of other experiments, Benzenberg was able to provide evidence of the earth's rotation .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w Joachim Huske : The coal mines in the Ruhr area. Data and facts from the beginning to 2005 (= publications from the German Mining Museum Bochum 144) 3rd revised and expanded edition. Self-published by the German Mining Museum, Bochum 2006, ISBN 3-937203-24-9 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Kurt Pfläging: The cradle of Ruhr coal mining. Verlag Glückauf, 4th edition. Essen 1987, ISBN 3-7739-0490-8 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Wilhelm Hermann, Gertrude Hermann: The old collieries on the Ruhr. 4th edition. Publishing house Karl Robert Langewiesche, successor Hans Köster, Königstein i. Taunus 1994, ISBN 3-7845-6992-7 .
^ ^A ^b Carl Johann Bernhard Karsten: Archives for mining and metallurgy. Eighteenth volume, G. Reimer, Berlin 1829.
^ Gustav Adolf Wüstenfeld: Schlebuscher Revier Bergbau in Wetter. Gustav Adolf Wüstenfeld-Verlag, Wetter-Wengern 1983, ISBN 3-922014-05-4 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c Gustav Adolf Wüstenfeld: On the trail of coal mining. Gustav Adolf Wüstenfeld-Verlag, Wetter-Wengern 1985, ISBN 3-922014-04-6 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Kurt Pfläging: Stein's journey through the coal mining industry on the Ruhr. 1st edition. Geiger Verlag, Horb am Neckar 1999, ISBN 3-89570-529-2 .
^ Karl Friedrich von Boehmer: About the mine funding. First part: prolegomene line and reel conveying. Publishing house of the Grazische Buchhandlung, Freyberg / Annaberg 1791
↑ Kammerer-Charlottenburg: The technology of load handling then and now. Study of the development of lifting machines and their influence on economic life and cultural history, printing and publishing by R. Oldenbourg, Munich / Berlin.
^ Carl Johann Bernhard Karsten: Archives for Mining and Metallurgy. Seventh volume, G. Reimer, Berlin 1823.
^ Carl Johann Bernhard Karsten, H. von Dechen (Ed.): Archives for Mineralogy, Geognosy, Mining and Metallurgy. Sixth volume, G. Reimer, Berlin 1833.
^ The early mining on the Ruhr: engine house of the Friederika shaft (accessed on September 12, 2013)
↑ Johann Friedrich Benzenberg: Attempts on the law of the fall, on the resistance of the air and on the rotation of the earth, together with the history of all earlier attempts from Galilee to Guglielmini. 1804, eighth section, pp. 431-470, digitized edition , accessed on March 5, 2013

Web links

Commons : Zeche Trappe - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Early mining on the Ruhr: Trappe colliery (accessed on September 10, 2013)
Early mining on the Ruhr: Historical map around 1840 (accessed on September 10, 2013)
Early mining on the Ruhr: Map of the situation around 2000 (accessed on September 10, 2013)
Mining in Wetter: Website of the Friends' Association (accessed on September 10, 2013)

Remarks

↑ An entry well , even Stoll bay called, is a light hole was geteuft on a cleat. These shafts are required to support the tunnel operation. (Source: Albert Serlo: Leitfaden der Bergbaukunde. First volume, fourth revised and up to the most recent edition supplemented.)
↑ As a brand shale refers mixed with thin carbon layers shales . The coal and the shale can also appear in alternating layers. Fire slate has a high ash content. (Source: Walter Bischoff , Heinz Bramann, Westfälische Berggewerkschaftskasse Bochum: Das kleine Bergbaulexikon .)

[Quelle_1-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w Joachim Huske : The coal mines in the Ruhr area. Data and facts from the beginning to 2005 (= publications from the German Mining Museum Bochum 144) 3rd revised and expanded edition. Self-published by the German Mining Museum, Bochum 2006, ISBN 3-937203-24-9 .

[Quelle_2-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Kurt Pfläging: The cradle of Ruhr coal mining. Verlag Glückauf, 4th edition. Essen 1987, ISBN 3-7739-0490-8 .

[Quelle_3-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Wilhelm Hermann, Gertrude Hermann: The old collieries on the Ruhr. 4th edition. Publishing house Karl Robert Langewiesche, successor Hans Köster, Königstein i. Taunus 1994, ISBN 3-7845-6992-7 .

[Quelle_10-4] A ^b Carl Johann Bernhard Karsten: Archives for mining and metallurgy. Eighteenth volume, G. Reimer, Berlin 1829.

[Quelle_13-5] Gustav Adolf Wüstenfeld: Schlebuscher Revier Bergbau in Wetter. Gustav Adolf Wüstenfeld-Verlag, Wetter-Wengern 1983, ISBN 3-922014-05-4 .

[Quelle_5-7] Gustav Adolf Wüstenfeld: On the trail of coal mining. Gustav Adolf Wüstenfeld-Verlag, Wetter-Wengern 1985, ISBN 3-922014-04-6 .

[Quelle_6-8] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Kurt Pfläging: Stein's journey through the coal mining industry on the Ruhr. 1st edition. Geiger Verlag, Horb am Neckar 1999, ISBN 3-89570-529-2 .

[Quelle_7-9] Karl Friedrich von Boehmer: About the mine funding. First part: prolegomene line and reel conveying. Publishing house of the Grazische Buchhandlung, Freyberg / Annaberg 1791

[Quelle_8-10] Kammerer-Charlottenburg: The technology of load handling then and now. Study of the development of lifting machines and their influence on economic life and cultural history, printing and publishing by R. Oldenbourg, Munich / Berlin.

[Quelle_9-11] Carl Johann Bernhard Karsten: Archives for Mining and Metallurgy. Seventh volume, G. Reimer, Berlin 1823.

[Quelle_11-13] Carl Johann Bernhard Karsten, H. von Dechen (Ed.): Archives for Mineralogy, Geognosy, Mining and Metallurgy. Sixth volume, G. Reimer, Berlin 1833.

[Quelle_12-14] The early mining on the Ruhr: engine house of the Friederika shaft (accessed on September 12, 2013)

[Quelle_4-15] Johann Friedrich Benzenberg: Attempts on the law of the fall, on the resistance of the air and on the rotation of the earth, together with the history of all earlier attempts from Galilee to Guglielmini. 1804, eighth section, pp. 431-470, digitized edition , accessed on March 5, 2013

[Anm._Serlo.-6] An entry well , even Stoll bay called, is a light hole was geteuft on a cleat. These shafts are required to support the tunnel operation. (Source: Albert Serlo: Leitfaden der Bergbaukunde. First volume, fourth revised and up to the most recent edition supplemented.)

[Anm._BergbauLex.-12] As a brand shale refers mixed with thin carbon layers shales . The coal and the shale can also appear in alternating layers. Fire slate has a high ash content. (Source: Walter Bischoff , Heinz Bramann, Westfälische Berggewerkschaftskasse Bochum: Das kleine Bergbaulexikon .)