Zellwald
The Zellwald (in older sources also Zellaer Wald ) is a 2,336 hectare forest area in Saxony , which spreads in the Erzgebirgsvorland ( Central Saxony district ) and in the Meißen district . It is surrounded by the villages of Siebenlehn , Groß- and Kleinvoigtsberg, Reichenbach, Marbach and Nossen . The forest is cut through by the federal motorway 4 (E 40) and the largely traffic-free railway line Nossen – Moldau .
history
As a forest area, the Zellwald forms a relic of the former huge primeval forest, the Miriquidi , which once covered the entire Ore Mountains and its foreland. In the documentary mention of the Altzella monastery from 1162, there is a description of the location. A forest belonging to the monastery and the nearby border forest on the southern edge of the Burgward district of Mochau are named and the intention of clearing is expressed. The Margrave Otto von Meißen emerged not only as the founder of the monastery, but also as the initiator of the clearing, which proves his right of disposal over the forest in this region and at that time. The southern area of the Burgward district of Mochau was therefore in the middle of the 12th century in the area of the wildland border, which ran here on the Mulde between Gleisberg and Nossen.
Beginning in the second half of the 12th century, villages were created within a few decades through planned settlement in a southern direction and the original, natural forest, with the exception of small remnants as far as the mountain ridge in the Eastern Ore Mountains, came from settlers from the Margraviate of Meissen and from the Kingdom of Bohemia (settlement to Sayda ) protrudable cleared .
A monastery founded by Benedictine monks in the Zellwald has come down to us from 1141 (documents differ slightly). This facility of the "black monks" did not last long, however, and was united with it through the establishment of Altzella. The remains of the buildings in the forest clearing not far from the later sawmill and at the Zellwald railway station were also used as a forestry and hunting yard.
In 1162, at the suggestion of Margrave Otto von Meißen (also Otto the Rich), the Altzella monastery near Nossen was donated. The part of this large contiguous and hardly populated forest to the west of the Pitzschebach belonged to the foundation area (800 Hufen (275 km 2 ), which were reclaimed at the expense of the margrave) . At the time the monastery was founded, several settlements have already been identified around the Zellwald. A few years later, the Lords of Nossen ceded an area between Pitzschebach and Freiberger Mulde to create fish ponds to the monastery.
According to Blaschke , the margrave supported the immigrant farmers in the region between Roßwein, Freiberg ( Christiansdorf ) and Nossen in their settlement in the second half of the 12th century. As a result, the clearing work in this area was well advanced. The way in which he helped, however, appears unclear in the sources. The current name of the forest is first mentioned in documents that have survived in 1320 and is referred to as nemus cellens .
On the part of the monastery, there were no or only insignificant clearing and settlement activities on the foundation territory, the forest area of the Zellwald has largely been preserved to the present day.
Between 1788 and 1818 an artificial ditch was built that brought water from the Pitzschebach in a westerly direction to the crab ponds for the facilities in the area of God's blessing Erbstolln near Gersdorf east of Roßwein . From 1803 to 1817 and from 1837 to 1864 miners drove the 5433 m long Adolph Stolln , whose water flowed from the depths of the Help of God Stolln near Obergruna and the Romanus drive shaft from Siebenlehn to his mouth hole near the Pitzschebach. From there an artificial ditch led the water from the tunnel on to the Rosenthaler Rösche on the western edge of the Zellwald. The Adolph Stolln was ventilated through two light holes , both in the northern area of the cell forest. An artificial pond created in 1843 in the Pitzschebachtal (forest districts 64, 65 and 88, 89) with a dam height of approx. 7 m also collected the water from the Pitzschebach for the artificial ditch, which was then used as impact water via the Rosenthaler and Marbacher Rösche to the water management systems in the Josephschacht , Wolfgangschacht and other shafts between Gersdorf and the valley of the Freiberg Mulde .
The railway line crossing the Zellwald was put into operation in 1873. The Zellwald stop has existed since 1938, where previously only the Zellwald timber loading point existed.
As part of the planning for the construction of the Reichsautobahn between Dresden and Chemnitz, a southern variant was chosen for the bypassing of the city of Nossen in 1933, which has run through the Zellwald approximately in the middle since around 1935.
Economic importance and use
The different views of forest management have also shaped this forest in the last few centuries. While deciduous forests used to predominate, today there are extensive spruce stands , pines and larches , but also sessile oak , hornbeam , black alder , willow , birch , red and black elder and hazelnut .
In the 17th century, large quantities of young trees were removed for planting in the electoral parks and gardens of Dresden . In 1658, for example, 8000 linden trees were delivered for the Ostragehege . Today, oak from the Zellwald is used to manufacture wine barrels, for example.
The former Zellwald steam sawmill was located on the railway line near where it crossed the Eselsbach , which used the Zellwald timber loading station and its own siding to transport its wood products . The plant facilities were located in forest department 57 and the adjacent bus stop in the transition between departments 80 and 87.
If you walk the Zellwaldstraße along the Pitzschebach, you will notice remarkable dam structures. They were created for the monastery to hold back water for fish farming.
Remains of the game garden for the electoral hunts from the Wettin era can still be found deep in the southwestern part of the Zellwald . A Wettin memorial stone is easy to find in the southern part of the forest.
There was a military shooting range along the venison wing, between forest departments 31 and 21.
In addition to red and wild boar , numerous bird and small animal species are native.
Field names and route descriptions
The field names are known (in the order from north to south, with details of the nearest forest division):
- Whale top (65)
- Vogelheerd (on the edge of the Zellwald at 84)
- on the black cross (85)
- at the saubad (11, 14)
- Bear Angle (15)
- Thief's Square (8)
- the high picture (20)
- Types of suction (37, 38)
- the charring (4)
- Ehrlicht (49)
- Gray Wolf (46)
The following path names are known (start and end in the forest divisions given):
in the order from north to south
- Bread wings or old 6 (61-77)
- Star wing (6–19)
- Spit Wings (35–36)
- Steinbruchweg (28-27)
- Reed path (45-47)
in order from west to east
- Obermarbacher Grenzweg (3–16)
- Venison wings (31-15)
- Bergmannsteig (63-59)
- Zellsteig (45–84)
- Dreibergflügel also B-wing (32-77)
Waters
The most important flowing body of water in the Zellwald is the Pitzschebach, a tributary of the Freiberg Mulde. In a document from 1185 concerning the Altzella monastery, he is mentioned with the name Bestowa . Flow to it: the Eselsbach , the Gute Bach and some other small brooks. One of its source rivers has its source in forestry department 18 on the Holunderborn . In the southern part of the forest area there is a watershed between the Pitzschebach and other bodies of water that flow into the Striegis catchment area.
The mine water from the Adolph Stolln flows into the Pitzschebach shortly after leaving its mouth. An artificial moat that continues from here lies dry today, has fallen into disrepair and can only be seen in the terrain relief along its previous course.
Beyond the western edge of the forest area, the Pfarrbach flows, which flows into the Marienbach in Obermarbach and receives water from the Bärenwinkel forest area through a side tributary .
The Aschbach rises not far from the south-eastern edge of the Zellwald . This takes up smaller watercourses and flows into the Striegis between Goßberg and Pappendorf .
Elevation relief
The highest terrain areas in the area of the Zellwald are in its southeastern edge areas, not far from the railway line in forest divisions 50 and 49. The intersection of aisle 9 and the A wing is at a height of 357.5 m above sea level. Close to federal highway 101 , but just a few meters outside the forest area, the area has reached 360.1 m (359.2 m today). The lowest point at around 225 m is reached in the Pitzschebachtal, where the connecting road between Nossen and Rosswein crosses the valley near a water tank with a bridge not far from Altzella and a branch of the Federal Plant Variety Office . An elevation on the eastern edge of the Zellwald not far from Obergruna bears the name Spießberg .
literature
- Alfred Meiche : The old Zellwald on the Freiberger Mulde. In: Hubert Ermisch (Hrsg.): New archive for Saxon history and antiquity. Volume 41, Dresden 1920, pages 1-42.
- Eduard Beyer: The Cistercian Abbey and Alt-cell monastery in the diocese of Meißen , Dresden 1855
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Gerhard Billig : The Burgward organization in the Upper Saxon-Meissnian area: archaeological-archival comparative studies . Publications of the State Museum for Prehistory Dresden 20, Dt. Verl. Der Wiss, Berlin 1989, ISBN 3-326-00489-3 . Pp. 119-120
- ^ Cheap: Burgward Organization . 1989 p. 67
- ↑ a b Karlheinz Blaschke : History of Saxony in the Middle Ages . Union Verlag, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-372-00076-5 , pp. 145-146
- ↑ Kurt Häntsch: Through the cell forest . In: Friedrich Prüfer: Nordsächsisches Wanderbuch (Middle North Saxony). Dresden 1925. p. 111
- ↑ Dieter Kunz: In the footsteps of the monks of Altzella . State castle operation Schloß Nossen / Kloster Altzella, Nossen 1998, pp. 27, 41
- ↑ a b c Altzella Monastery - Nature Guide on osterzgebirge.org, accessed on March 25, 2014
- ↑ a b Kunz: On the trail ... . 1998, p. 36
- ↑ Topographic map 4945-SO Siebenlehn
- ^ Otfried Wagenbreth , Eberhard Wächtler (ed.): The Freiberg mining industry. Technical monuments and history . Leipzig 1985, ISBN 3-342-00117-8 , pp. 243-247
- ↑ A brief historical outline from the origins to the present day . on www.fv-zellwaldbahn.de
- ↑ Th. Haubold: BAB A4: Talbbrücke over the Freiberger Mulde near Siebenlehn / Sa. (Building 45) . on www.autobahngeschichte.de
- ↑ a b c d K. Dalmer, E. Dathe, H. Müller: Geological Special Map of the Kingdom of Saxony. Section Rosswein-Nossen . Leipzig, revision to the 2nd edition by E. Danzig, C. Gäbert, 1907.
- ^ A. Sauer, A. Rothpletz, H. Müller: Geological Special Map of the Kingdom of Saxony. Section Freiberg-Langhennersdorf . Leipzig, revision to the 2nd edition by C. Gäbert, 1905.
- ↑ a b c d e Landesaufnahme Sachsen : Meßtischblatt No. 4945, Roßwein . 1914 (corrections 1935)
- ↑ a b c d Landesaufnahme Sachsen: Meßtischblatt No. 79, Langhennersdorf . 1913 (individual supplements 1929)
- ↑ Häntsch: Through the cell forest . Dresden 1925. p. 110
Coordinates: 51 ° 0 ′ 55 ″ N , 13 ° 15 ′ 55 ″ E