Zhao (family name)

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Zhao surname.jpg

Zhao ( dʒaʊ ) is the official Pinyin transcription of the Chinese family name ( Chinese  趙 , Pinyin Zhào , W.-G. Chao ). Depending on the region and the legend, it is rendered with Chao (Wade-Giles) and Chiu , Ziu in Cantonese. In the Chinese classic of the Song Dynasty, the "Hundred Family Names" , Zhao comes first. At that time it was the family name of the ruling house of the Song Dynasty (960-1279). In 2008 it was the seventh most common name in China and it is also common in neighboring countries. Sometimes the same transliteration is used for the less common name Zhào (兆).

Name variants

In addition to the now official form "Zhào", there are a number of other transcription options, Chao ( Mandarin ), Chiu, Ziu 6 ( Cantonese ), Teo ( Hokkien , Teochew ), 조, Jo, Cho Korean , Triệu ( Vietnamese ) Ḍjäu C ( Central Chinese ).

history

Zhao is one of the oldest Chinese family names. Its origins are partly shrouded in legends. During the reign of King Mu (976/956 BC - 922/918 BC) the officer Zaofu ( Chinese  造父 ) proved particularly adept at training horses and driving chariots. In doing so, he won the king's respect. During a battle with the state of Xu (徐 國 Xú Guó), which refused to submit to the rule of the Zhou, Zaofu led a chariot into the middle of the battle and escorted the king back to the Zhou capital. Out of gratitude, King Mu gave Zaofu the title of "Lord of Zhao", a city in what is now Hongdong County , Shanxi , as a hereditary title. Zaofu's descendants took Zhao as a family name to emphasize their privileges. Sima Qian writes in Shiji that Zaofu was a descendant of the legendary kings Zhuanxu , Shaohao and Huangdi .

Zhao City became part of Jin State through the Warring States Period . 403 BC Jin divided into three smaller states, one of which was the state of Zhao itself. During this time there was also a multiplication of the clan names. The name Ying (嬴) was divided into 14 clan names: Lian (廉), Xu (徐), Jiang (江), Qin (秦), Zhao (趙), Huang (黄), Liang (梁), Ma (馬), Ge (葛), Gu (谷), Mou (繆), Zhong (鍾), Fei (費), and Qu (瞿).

The rulers of the Zhao clan in Qin State and Zhao State were very successful. Zhao was one of the last states to be conquered by Qin during the unification of the empire.

As with all Chinese surnames, the number of bearers increased through adoption at marriage, through bestowal to simple people who had distinguished themselves, and through name adoption by foreign peoples who adopted the culture of the Han Chinese . The name also became popular after Zhao Kuangyin became the first emperor of the Song Dynasty in 960 AD . His family ruled China for three hundred years. And it was in this dynasty that the famous work of the Hundred Family Names was written. Hence, it is also the first name on this list.

To this day there are people both in China and among some families of the Hata clans (秦氏) in Japan who can trace their bloodline back to the dynasty.

Relationships with the Gioro clan

After the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty , the resigned Emperor Huizong (Zhao Ji) and his son, Emperor Qinzong (Zhao Huan) were captured by the Jurchen during the Jingkang raid . She and most of her family were forced into exile in Manchuria . Huizong's third brother Zhao Si King Yue ( Chinese  越王 赵 偲 ) lived in Gioro and founded the "Gioro clan" in which the imperial family of the Qing , the Aisin-Gioros ( Chinese  愛新覺羅 ) and the Irgen Gioro are branch lines.

The rise of the Qing followed after the battle of the Shanhai Pass. The historical context can be summed up by a contemporary poem:


朱家 麵 ﹐ 李家 磨 ﹐
做成 一個 大 饃 饃 ﹐
送給 對 巷 趙 大哥。

In German, for example:
flour from the Zhu family, mill from the Li family
they make a large bun that
is given to Big Brother Zhao.

Zhu (朱) refers to the name of the imperial family of the Ming Dynasty who lost their rule. Li (李) refers to Li Zicheng , the first emperor of the Shun dynasty who briefly ruled China. The Qing Dynasty Aisin Gioro clan is known as Big Brother Zhao (趙), referring to the name of the imperial family who were in power in the Northern Song.

Development of the Zhao clan

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Zhao Clan (趙氏) - China, imperial family of the Song Dynasty
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Aisin Gioro -Clan (愛新覺羅) Imperial family of the Qing Dynasty
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Gioro Clan (覺 羅氏) - Gioro, Manchuria
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Irgen Gioro (伊尔 根 觉 罗)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Zhao Clan (趙氏) - Imperial family of the Qin Dynasty
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 太 秦 公, 秦 長 連, 秦 野, 秦 人, 秦川, 秦 上, 秦 下, 秦 內, 秦 井, 秦 多, 秦 當, 秦 佐, 秦 冠, 秦 前, 秦 黨, 秦 原, 秦 部, 秦 許, 秦 常, 秦 勝, 秦 人 部, 秦川 邊, 秦 大 藏, 秦 小 宅, 秦 井 手, 秦 中 家, 秦 田村, 秦長田, 秦 物 集, 秦 泉 寺, 秦 高橋, 秦 達布, 秦 佐 此 佐 ...
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Hata clan (秦氏) - Japan
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ying (赢 姓) - Imperial House of the Qin Dynasty
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lian (廉), Xu (徐), Jiang (江), Qin (秦), Zhao (趙), Huang (黄), Liang (梁), Ma (馬), Ge (葛), Gu (谷), Mou (繆), Zhong (鍾), Fei (費), Qu (瞿)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Personalities

Historical people

Modern times

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 百家姓 : Hundred Family Surname. Guoxue (Chinese)
  2. ^ Zhu family's flour, Li family's mill
    produce a big bun,
    which is handed to big brother Zhao.

literature

Web links