Shaggy rattling pot

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Shaggy rattling pot
Shaggy rattling pot (left) and small rattling pot (right)

Shaggy rattling pot (left) and small rattling pot (right)

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Summer root family (Orobanchaceae)
Genre : Rattle Pots ( Rhinanthus )
Type : Shaggy rattling pot
Scientific name
Rhinanthus alectorolophus
( Scop. ) Pollich

The Shaggy yellow rattle ( Rhinanthus alectorolophus ) is a plant that the family of Broomrape family belongs (Orobanchaceae).

Description and ecology

Vegetative characteristics

Like all members of the genus Rhinanthus , the shaggy rattle pot is an annual semi - parasite . In contrast to full parasites, it is capable of limited photosynthesis and additionally draws water and nutrients from the roots of various grasses and herbaceous plants .

The Shaggy Klappertopf grows as an annual herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 10 to 80 centimeters. Its main root is thin and loosely branched. The upright stems grow single or branched depending on the flowering time. Breeds that bloom in early summer often have unbranched stems, while in autumn breeds , strong branching of the stem is typical. Botanically, this phenomenon is called seasonal dimorphism . The stems are hairy in the upper area, but not dashed black.

The opposite leaves are sitting. The simple leaf blade is eilanzettlich to ovate and the leaf margin is flat and sharp.

Shaggy rattlespot ( Rhinanthus alactorolophus )
Detail of an inflorescence with zygomorphic flowers
Rhinanthus alectorolophus subsp. buccalis
Cover sheet with teeth of roughly equal size.
Blossom, right crown removed. The corolla tube is curved upwards.
The calyx is hairy on the outside without glands.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from May to September. The flowers stand in a terminal cluster over triangular, evenly toothed and shaggy bracts . The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic with a double flower envelope . The approximately 1 centimeter long calyx is yellowish white and its outside is covered with dense shaggy hair. The four large calyx lobes that close the calyx in the middle of the corolla are striking. The lemon-yellow crown is up to 2 centimeters long. It forms a helmet-shaped curved upper lip and a three-lobed lower lip. The upper lip has characteristic sap marks , two small purple teeth, which show the long-trunked pollinators the way to the nectar on the flower base. The upper lip and lower lip are very close to one another and merge into the approximately 10 mm long, slightly curved corolla tube. The Upper permanent, oval ovary is divided into two compartments. Thanks to the long stylus, the scar peaks over the corolla tube . The four stamens with non-pointed anthers sit on the corolla tube. They are not visible from the outside, but are hidden below the upper lip inside the throat. Because the upper and lower lips are so close together, the throat entrance remains closed. Only long-nosed insects such as bumblebees , bees or butterflies can reach the sweet nectar via the flower entrance and carry out the pollination. Short-nosed bees and bumblebees sometimes appear as nectar robbers. They bite their way from the outside through the goblet and corolla tube to the nectar source. Pollination does not take place here. Whether, in addition to insect pollination, self-pollination also leads to fruit set is under discussion.

Little-seeded capsule fruits are formed. The seeds are broadly winged. The seeds can spread through shock propagation , wind propagation and humans, for example through agriculture.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 22.

Occurrence

Meadow with a shaggy rattle pot in the Swabian-Franconian Forest

The shaggy rattle pot is common almost all over Europe. It has a submeridional-montane to sub-temperate distribution in the oceanic Eurasia . It is common in Germany, but is absent in northern Germany. The border runs roughly on the line southern Netherlands - Düsseldorf - Göttingen - Leipzig - Görlitz .

It grows in valley and mountain meadows, on poor grass , in grain fields and moderately fresh, greasy meadows . It thrives best on fresh, nutrient-rich and rather chalky soils . It occurs in Central Europe in societies of the order Arrhenatheretalia. It occurs from the submontane to the montane altitude range , but can also rise higher up to altitudes of 2300 meters. In the Allgäu Alps , it rises on the Höfats -Gufel ​​in Bavaria to an altitude of 2000 meters.

The Shaggy Klappertopf is not considered endangered in Switzerland or Austria.

Systematics

It was first published in 1772 under the name ( Basionym ) Mimulus alectorolophus by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli . The new combination to Rhinanthus alectorolophus was published in 1777 by Johann Adam Pollich . For some authors, Rhinanthus alectorolophus (Scop.) Pollich is a synonym for Rhinanthus major L.

Some authors differentiate between several subspecies of the species Rhinanthus alectorolophus , while others have separate species:

  • Common shaggy rattlespot ( Rhinanthus alectorolophus (Scop.) Pollich subsp. Alectorolophus ), widespread.
  • Southern Alps-rattle ( Rhinanthus alectorolophus . Subsp freynii (of Sterneck) Hartl ; Syn .: Rhinanthus freynii (of Sterneck) Fiori ), Carinthia, Salzburg, Tyrol
  • Yawning shaggy rattling pot ( Rhinanthus alectorolophus subsp. Facchinii (Chab.) Soó ; Syn .: Rhinanthus facchinii Chabert ): In South Tyrol, taxonomic value doubtful. According to K. Marhold it is synonymous with Rhinanthus alectorolophus subsp. alectorolophus posed.
  • Rhinanthus alectorolophus subsp. aschersonianus ( M. Schulze ) Hartl (Syn .: Rhinanthus aschersonianus (M. Schulze) Soó ): It occurs in Germany.
  • Rhinanthus alectorolophus subsp. buccalis (Wallr.) Schinz & Thell. (Syn .: Rhinanthus buccalis Wallr. ): It occurs in Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
  • Rhinanthus alectorolophus subsp. ellipticus (Hausskn.) O.Schwarz (Syn .: Rhinanthus ellipticus (Hausskn.) Schinz & Thell. ) According to K. Marhold, it is synonymous with Rhinanthus alectorolophus (Scop.) Pollich .

swell

literature

  • Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
  • Angelika Lüttig, Juliane Kasten: Rose hip and Co. Flowers, fruits and spread of European plants . Fauna-Verlag, Nottuln 2003, ISBN 3-935980-90-6 .
  • Gerhard Stinglwagner , Ilse Haseder , Reinhold Erlbeck: The cosmos forest and forest lexicon. 3. Edition. Kosmos, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-10375-7 .
  • Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany. A botanical-ecological excursion companion to the most important species . 6th, completely revised edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2005, ISBN 3-494-01397-7 , p. 403 .
  • Eckehart J. Jäger (ed.): Excursion flora from Germany. Vascular plants: baseline . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 20th, revised and expanded edition. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-8274-1606-3 , p. 705 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Rhinanthus alectorolophus (Scop.) Pollich sl, Zottiger Klappertopf. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany. A botanical-ecological excursion companion to the most important species . 6th, completely revised edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2005, ISBN 3-494-01397-7 , p. 403 .
  3. ↑ Eckehart J. Jäger (Ed.): Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. Vascular plants: baseline . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 20th, revised and expanded edition. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-8274-1606-3 , p. 705 .
  4. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 855-856 .
  5. ^ Rudolf Schubert , Klaus Werner, Hermann Meusel (eds.): Exkursionsflora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 13th edition. tape 2 : vascular plants . People and knowledge, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-06-012539-2 .
  6. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 470.
  7. ↑ Rhinathus alectorolophus. In: Info Flora (the national data and information center for Swiss flora).
  8. ↑ a b c d Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
  9. ↑ Rhinanthus alectorolophus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  10. ↑ a b c d Karol Marhold, 2011: Scrophulariaceae : Datasheet Rhinanthus In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

Web links

Commons : Shaggy Klappertopf ( Rhinanthus alectorolophus )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files