Lemuel C. Shepherd Jr.

Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr.
Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr.
	File:020 Shepherd.jpg 20th Commandant of the Marine Corps (1952-1955)
Allegiance	United States of America
Service/branch	United States Marine Corps
Years of service	1917-1956
Rank	General
Commands held	Commandant of the Marine Corps; Marine Corps Schools; 6th Marine Division; 1st Provisional Marine Brigade; 9th Marine Regiment; 2nd Battalion 5th Marines
Battles/wars	World War I; Battle of Belleau Wood; World War II; Battle of Guam; Korean War; Battle of Inchon; Battle of Chosin Reservoir
Awards	Navy Cross; Distinguished Service Cross; Distinguished Service Medal (3); Silver Star (3) ; Legion of Merit (2); Bronze Star; Purple Heart; Croix de guerre; French Fourragère
Other work	Inter American Defense Board, Chair

General Lemuel Cornick Shepherd, Jr. (10 February, 1896–6 August, 1990) was a general of the United States Marine Corps. A veteran of World War I, World War II, and the Korean War, he was the 20th Commandant of the Marine Corps.

Early years

Lemuel Shepherd was born on 10 February 1896 in Norfolk, Virginia. He graduated from the Virginia Military Institute in 1917,^[1] graduating a year early so he could enter the Marine Corps.^[2] He was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Marine Corps on 11 April 1917 and reported for active duty at the Marine Barracks, Port Royal, South Carolina, on May 19th.

World War I

Less than a month later, 2ndLt Shepherd sailed for France as a member of the 5th Marine Regiment with the first elements of the American Expeditionary Forces. He served in defensive sectors in the vicinity of Verdun and participated in the Aisne-Marne offensive (Chateau-Thierry) where he was twice wounded in action at Belleau Wood during the fighting there in June of 1918. Upon returning to the front in August, he rejoined the 5th Marines and saw action in the St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne offensives (Champagne) where he was wounded for the third time.

For his gallantry in action at Belleau Wood, Lieutenant Shepherd was awarded the Army Distinguished Service Cross, the Navy Cross, the French Croix de Guerre, and was cited in the general orders of the 2nd Infantry Division, American Expeditionary Forces.

After duty with the Army of Occupation in Germany, Capt Shepherd sailed for home in July 1919. In September, he returned to France for duty in connection with the preparation of relief maps of the battlefields over which the 4th Brigade of Marines had fought.

1920–1941

Upon Capt Shepherd’s return to the U.S. in December 1920, he was assigned as White House aide and Aide-de-Camp to the Commandant of the Marine Corps, MajGen John A. Lejeune. In July 1922, he was assigned duty in command of a selected company of Marines at the Brazilian Exposition at Rio de Janeiro.

In June 1923, Capt Shepherd was ordered to sea duty as Commanding Officer of the Marine Detachment, USS Idaho (BB-24). This tour was followed by duty at the Marine Barracks, Norfolk, where he commanded the Sea School. In April 1927, Capt Shepherd sailed for expeditionary duty in China, where he served in the 3d Marine Brigade in Tientsin and Shanghai.

Upon returning to the United States in 1929, he was assigned to the Naval War College at Newport, Rhode Island. Following graduation in May 1937, he commanded the 2nd Battalion, 5th Marine Regiment, part of the newly formed Fleet Marine Force (FMF), Atlantic, which was being extensively employed in the development of amphibious tactics and techniques.

In June 1939, he was ordered to the Staff of Marine Corps Schools, Quantico, Virginia, where he served during the next three years as Director, Correspondence School; Chief of the Tactical Section; Officer in Charge of the Candidates Class; and Assistant Commandant.

World War II

BGen Shepherd (left), Commanding the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade and his principal officers view a relief map of Guam for the brigade's operation.

In March 1942, four months after the United States entry into World War II, Col Shepherd was ordered to command the 9th Marine Regiment. He organized, trained, and took this unit overseas as part of the 3rd Marine Division.

Upon appointment to flag rank in July 1943, while serving on Guadalcanal, BGen Shepherd was assigned as Assistant Division Commander of the 1st Marine Division. In this capacity, he participated in the Cape Gloucester operation on New Britain from December 1943 through March 1944, where he was awarded a Legion of Merit for distinguished service in command of operations in the Borgan Bay area.

In May 1944, BGen Shepherd assumed command of the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade and led this organization in the invasion and subsequent recapture of Guam during July and August of 1944. For distinguished leadership in this operation, BGen Shepherd received his first Distinguished Service Medal and was promoted to major general.

After organizing the 6th Marine Division from the Brigade, MajGen Shepherd commanded it throughout the Battle of Okinawa and subsequently took the Division to Tsingtao, China. There, on 25 October 1945, he received the surrender of the Japanese forces in this area. For exceptionally meritorious service as Commanding General of the 6th Marine Division in the assault and occupation of Okinawa (1 April to 21 June 1945) he was awarded a Gold Star in lieu of a second Distinguished Service Medal.

1946–1956

Several months later, MajGen Shepherd returned to the United States and in March 1946, organized the Troop Training Command, Amphibious Forces, Atlantic Fleet, at NAB Little Creek, Virginia. On 1 November of the same year, he was ordered to duty as Assistant to the Commandant and Chief of Staff of Marine Corps Headquarters. He remained at this post until April 1948, when he was assigned to Quantico where he served as Commandant of the Marine Corps Schools until June 1950.

When the Korean War erupted, Gen Shepherd was in command of the FMF, Pacific, with Headquarters at Pearl Harbor. In this capacity, he participated in the landing at Inchon, and the evacuation of US forces from Hungnam following their withdrawal from the Chosin Reservoir in North Korea in December 1950. On 1 January 1952, President Harry S. Truman appointed him Commandant of the Marine Corps.

During Gen Shepherd’s four-year appointment as the Commandant of the Marine Corps, he initiated a number of important policies that resulted in increased military proficiency for the Corps. He was the first Commandant to become a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and upon his retirement on 1 January 1956, he was awarded a third Distinguished Service Medal.

1956–1990

Two months after his retirement, Gen Shepherd was recalled to active duty and appointed Chairman of the Inter-American Defense Board. During his three and a half years of service with this international organization, Gen Shepherd, through his leadership and diplomacy, made substantial contributions towards plans for the defense of the continent. He also promoted military solidarity among the military forces of the republics of the Western Hemisphere. He relinquished his duties with the Inter-American Defense Board on 15 September 1959.

General Shepherd died 6 August 1990 at his home in La Jolla, California, from bone cancer.^[2] He was buried with full military honors at Arlington National Cemetery.^[3]

Notes

^ ^a ^b ""Letters, Diaries, Manuscripts. Military History" (see Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. Papers)". VMI Archives. VMI. Retrieved 2008-01-11. Cite error: The named reference "VMI" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b Fowler, New York Times. 1990.
^ "Lemuel Cornick Shepherd, Jr.", ArlingtonCemetery.net. 2005.

References

"General Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr., USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. History Division, United States Marine Corps. Retrieved 2007-11-03.

"Lemuel Cornick Shepherd, Jr., General, United States Marine Corps". ArlingtonCemetery.net. 17 December 2005. Retrieved 2008-01-11. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

Fowler, Glenn (August 8, 1990). "Lemuel Shepherd Jr., 94, Ex-Chief Of Marines Who Served in 3 Wars". New York Times. Retrieved 2008-01-11. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

External links

"Photo of General Shepherd during Okinawa campaign".