Tanycolagreus: Difference between revisions
m mv |
removed Category:Prehistoric coelurosaurs; added Category:Coelurosaurs using HotCat |
||
| (29 intermediate revisions by 19 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Extinct genus of reptiles}} |
|||
{{italictitle}}{{speciesbox |
|||
{{Speciesbox |
|||
| name = ''Tanycolagreus'' |
|||
| fossil_range = [[Late Jurassic]], {{Fossil range|153|150}} |
| fossil_range = [[Late Jurassic]], {{Fossil range|153|150}} |
||
| image = Tanycolagreus.jpg |
| image = Tanycolagreus Museum of Ancient Life 1.jpg |
||
| image_caption = ''Tanycolagreus'' holotype, [[North American Museum of Ancient Life]] |
| image_caption = ''Tanycolagreus'' holotype, [[North American Museum of Ancient Life]] |
||
| display_parents = 2 |
|||
| genus = Tanycolagreus |
| genus = Tanycolagreus |
||
| parent_authority=[[Kenneth Carpenter|Carpenter]] ''et al.'', 2005 |
| parent_authority = [[Kenneth Carpenter|Carpenter]] ''et al.'', 2005 |
||
| species = topwilsoni |
| species = topwilsoni |
||
| authority = Carpenter ''et al.'', 2005 |
| authority = Carpenter ''et al.'', 2005 |
||
}} |
}} |
||
'''''Tanycolagreus''''' is a [[genus]] of [[ |
'''''Tanycolagreus''''' is a [[genus]] of [[coelurosauria]]n [[Theropoda|theropod]] from the [[Late Jurassic]] of [[North America]]. |
||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | In 1995 Western Paleontological Laboratories, Inc. uncovered the partial skeleton of a small theropod at the [[Bone Cabin Quarry]] West locality, [[Albany County, Wyoming]], from the [[Salt Wash Member]] of the [[Morrison Formation]], dating to the [[Kimmeridgian]]-[[Tithonian]]. At first the find was considered to be a specimen of ''[[Coelurus]]''<ref>Miles, C.A., Carpenter K. and Cloward, K.C., 1998, "A new skeleton of ''Coelurus fragilis'' from the Morrison Formation of Wyoming", ''Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology'' '''18'''(3): 64A</ref> but subsequent study indicated it represented a species new to science, that in 2001 was announced to be named ''Tanycolagreus topwilsoni''. It was actually named and described by [[Kenneth Carpenter]], [[Clifford Miles]] and [[Karen Cloward]] in 2005. The [[etymology]] of the generic name ''Tanycolagreus'', suggested by Ben Creisler, is based upon the greater length of its forelimbs and hindlimbs compared to ''Coelurus''. It is derived from the [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] [[prefix]] τανυ~, ''tany''~: 'long, stretched out', κῶλον, ''kolon'': 'limb' and ἀγρεύς, ''agreus'': 'hunter'. The [[specific name (zoology)|specific name]] honors George Eugene "Top" Wilson, the father of a benefactor financially supporting the scientific research.<ref name =Carpenter2005>Carpenter, K., Miles, C., and Cloward, K. (2005). "New small theropod from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Wyoming." in Carpenter, K. 2005. ''The Carnivorous Dinosaurs'', Indiana University Press: 23-48</ref> |
||
[[File:Tanycolagreus topwilsoni slab.jpg|thumb|left|Restored skeleton]] |
|||
| ⚫ | The fossil, [[holotype]] TPII 2000-09-29, was donated to science by an anonymous benefactor. It is part of the collection of [[Thanksgiving Point]] Institute, Inc. and displayed in the [[North American Museum of Ancient Life]] at [[Lehi, Utah]]. It includes an incomplete skull and [[mandible]] (lower jaws) and much of the [[postcrania]]l skeleton, i.e. the parts behind the head. The skull of ''Tanycolagreus'' is less well known than its postcranial [[anatomy]], and only the following elements have been found: left [[nasal bone|nasal]], left [[Lacrimal bone|lacrimal]], left [[premaxilla]] and one premaxillary tooth, left [[Postorbital bone|postorbital]], left [[Quadratojugal bone|quadratojugal]], incomplete left [[squamosal]], right [[Quadrate bone|quadrate]], right [[splenial]], left articular, and two cheek teeth. A [[Type (biology)|paratype]] has been assigned to the species: specimen AMNH 587 consisting of an incomplete hand also collected from Bone Cabin Quarry and originally in 1903 by [[Henry Fairfield Osborn]] referred to ''[[Ornitholestes]] hermanni''.<ref>Osborn, Henry Fairfield, 1903, "''Ornitholestes hermanni'', a new compsognathoid dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic", ''Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History'' '''19'''(12): 459–464</ref> Two other fossils have been referred to ''Tanycolagreus'': UUVP 2999, a [[premaxilla]], originally in 1974 referred to ''[[Stokesosaurus]] clevelandi'',<ref>Madsen, J., 1974, "A new theropod dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic of Utah", ''Journal of Paleontology'', '''48''': 27-31</ref> from the [[Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry|Cleveland-Lloyd Quarry]] of [[Utah]]; and USNM 5737, a pair of distal [[pubic bone|pubes]] from [[Colorado]] earlier in 1920 by [[Charles W. Gilmore|Charles Whitney Gilmore]] referred to ''Coelurus''.<ref>Gilmore, C.W., 1920, "Osteology of the carnivorous Dinosauria in the United States National Museum, with special reference to the genera ''Antrodemus (Allosaurus)'' and ''Ceratosaurus''", ''Bulletin of the United States National Museum'', '''110''': 1-154</ref> These specimens are from the later [[Morrison Formation|Brushy Basin Member]].<ref name =Carpenter2005/> |
||
| ⚫ | ''Tanycolagreus'' is present in stratigraphic zone 2 of the Morrison. Remains possibly referrable to ''Stokesosaurus'' have been recovered from stratigraphic zone 5 of the Morrison Formation.<ref name="foster-appendix">Foster, J. (2007). "Appendix." ''Jurassic West: The Dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation and Their World''. Indiana University Press. pp. 327-329</ref> A life restoration of ''Tanycolagreus'' is also on display at the North American Museum of Ancient Life, where it is portrayed as preying upon a small [[ornithischia]]n [[dinosaur]], ''[[Nanosaurus]] agilis''. |
||
==Description== |
==Description== |
||
[[File:Tanycolagreus |
[[File:Tanycolagreus reconstruction.png|thumb|''Tanycolagreus'' life restoration]] |
||
Carpenter ''et al.'' (2005, pp. 43–44) determined that the holotype of ''Tanycolagreus'' represents a subadult individual which measured approximately 3.3 |
Carpenter ''et al.'' (2005, pp. 43–44) determined that the holotype of ''Tanycolagreus'' represents a subadult individual which measured approximately {{convert|3.3|m|sp=us}} long in life. However, one of the referred fossils, the premaxilla from the Cleveland-Lloyd Quarry, would have belonged to a larger individual, measuring {{convert|4|m|sp=us}} long. In 2010 [[Gregory S. Paul]] estimated the weight of a four-meter-long animal at {{convert|120|kg}}.<ref name=Paul2010>Paul, G.S., 2010, ''The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs'', Princeton University Press p. 124</ref> It cannot be determined whether or not the Cleveland-Lloyd specimen represents a fully mature adult, so the upper size limit for the [[taxon]] remains unknown. |
||
The head of ''Tanycolagreus'' is large, elongated and rectangular in profile due to a blunt snout. The leg is rather long and lightly built.<ref name=Paul2010/> |
The head of ''Tanycolagreus'' is large, elongated and rectangular in profile due to a blunt snout. The leg is rather long and lightly built.<ref name=Paul2010/> |
||
[[File:Tanycolagreus |
[[File:Tanycolagreus size.png|thumb|left|Estimated size of ''Tanycolagreus'', based on Carpenter]] |
||
Carpenter ''et al.'' (2005; pp. 27 & 29) diagnosed ''Tanycolagreus topwilsoni'' as follows: "Medium-sized [[Tetanurae|tetanuran]] having short, deep-bodied premaxilla pierced by narial foramen at base of nasal process, orbital process on postorbital, T-shaped quadratojugal, centrodiapophyseal lamina on dorsals. Differs from ''Coelurus'' in the absence of pleurocoel on anterior dorsals; posterior caudal prezygapophyses elongated to one-third centrum length, rather than short; straight, rather than sigmoidal, humeral shaft; bowed, rather than straight, radius; flat-bottomed rather than arced pubic foot; straight rather than sigmoidal femoral shaft; [[metatarsal]] length subequal to humeral length, rather than 1.75 times humeral length. Differs from ''Ornitholestes'' in straight anterior margin of premaxilla, rather than rounded; T-shaped rather than L-shaped quadratojugal; elongate neural spine; posterior caudal prezygapophyses only one-third centrum length, rather than one-half centrum length; bowed, slender radius, rather than straight, robust radius".<ref name =Carpenter2005/> |
Carpenter ''et al.'' (2005; pp. 27 & 29) diagnosed ''Tanycolagreus topwilsoni'' as follows: "Medium-sized [[Tetanurae|tetanuran]] having short, deep-bodied premaxilla pierced by narial foramen at base of nasal process, orbital process on postorbital, T-shaped quadratojugal, centrodiapophyseal lamina on dorsals. Differs from ''Coelurus'' in the absence of pleurocoel on anterior dorsals; posterior caudal prezygapophyses elongated to one-third centrum length, rather than short; straight, rather than sigmoidal, humeral shaft; bowed, rather than straight, radius; flat-bottomed rather than arced pubic foot; straight rather than sigmoidal femoral shaft; [[Metatarsal bones|metatarsal]] length [[subequal]] to humeral length, rather than 1.75 times humeral length. Differs from ''Ornitholestes'' in straight anterior margin of premaxilla, rather than rounded; T-shaped rather than L-shaped quadratojugal; elongate neural spine; posterior caudal prezygapophyses only one-third centrum length, rather than one-half centrum length; bowed, slender radius, rather than straight, robust radius".<ref name =Carpenter2005/> |
||
The single premaxillary tooth preserved with the holotype is badly damaged, but does exhibit the asymmetrical cross-section typical in theropod teeth; the cheek teeth are too poorly preserved to show any detail. In the foot the second toe is slightly hyperextendable but does not carry an enlarged claw.<ref name =Carpenter2005/> |
The single premaxillary tooth preserved with the holotype is badly damaged, but does exhibit the asymmetrical cross-section typical in theropod teeth; the cheek teeth are too poorly preserved to show any detail. In the foot the second toe is slightly hyperextendable but does not carry an enlarged claw.<ref name =Carpenter2005/> |
||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | In 1995 Western Paleontological Laboratories, Inc. uncovered the partial skeleton of a small theropod at the [[Bone Cabin Quarry]] West locality, [[Albany County, Wyoming]], from the [[Salt Wash Member]] of the [[Morrison Formation]], dating to the [[ |
||
| ⚫ | The fossil, [[holotype]] TPII 2000-09-29, was donated to science by an anonymous benefactor. It is part of the collection of [[Thanksgiving Point]] Institute, Inc. and displayed in the [[North American Museum of Ancient Life]] at [[Lehi, Utah]]. It includes an incomplete skull and [[mandible]] (lower jaws) and much of the [[postcrania]]l skeleton, i.e. the parts behind the head. The skull of ''Tanycolagreus'' is less well known than its postcranial [[anatomy]], and only the following elements have been found: left [[nasal bone|nasal]], left [[Lacrimal bone|lacrimal]], left [[premaxilla]] and one premaxillary tooth, left [[postorbital]], left [[quadratojugal]], incomplete left [[squamosal]], right [[Quadrate bone|quadrate]], right [[splenial]], left articular, and two cheek teeth. A [[ |
||
| ⚫ | ''Tanycolagreus'' is present in stratigraphic zone 2 of the Morrison. Remains possibly referrable to ''Stokesosaurus'' have been recovered from stratigraphic zone 5 of the Morrison Formation.<ref name="foster-appendix">Foster, J. (2007). "Appendix." ''Jurassic West: The Dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation and Their World''. Indiana University Press. pp. 327-329</ref> A life restoration of ''Tanycolagreus'' is also on display at the North American Museum of Ancient Life, where it is portrayed as preying upon a small [[ornithischia]]n [[dinosaur]], ''[[ |
||
==Classification== |
==Classification== |
||
Carpenter e.a. originally assigned ''Tanycolagreus'' to the [[Coeluridae]].<ref name =Carpenter2005/> Carpenter ''et |
Carpenter e.a. originally assigned ''Tanycolagreus'' to the [[Coeluridae]].<ref name =Carpenter2005/> Carpenter ''et al.'' (2005, p. 44) state that, of the other known Morrison theropods, this genus most closely resembles ''[[Coelurus]]'', though it retains more "primitive" features. A detailed [[Phylogenetics|phylogenetic]] analysis in 2007 by [[Philip Senter]] including ''Tanycolagreus'' showed it had a basal position in the [[Tyrannosauroidea]].<ref>Senter, P. (2007). "A new look at the phylogeny of Coelurosauria (Dinosauria: Theropoda)", ''Journal of Systematic Palaeontology'', '''5'''(4): 429-463</ref> Later analyses indicated a basal position in the [[Coelurosauria]].<ref>O.W.M. Rauhut, A.C. Milner, and S. Moore-Fay, 2010, "Cranial osteology and phylogenetic position of the theropod dinosaur ''Proceratosaurus bradleyi'' (Woodward, 1910) from the Middle Jurassic of England", ''Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society'', '''158'''(1): 155-195</ref> |
||
==References== |
==References== |
||
{{reflist}} |
|||
<references/> |
|||
{{Portal|Dinosaurs}} |
|||
{{Theropoda|C.}} |
|||
{{Tyrannosauroidea}} |
|||
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1826774}} |
|||
[[Category:Coelurosaurs]] |
[[Category:Coelurosaurs]] |
||
| Line 45: | Line 46: | ||
[[Category:Fossil taxa described in 2005]] |
[[Category:Fossil taxa described in 2005]] |
||
[[Category:Taxa named by Kenneth Carpenter]] |
[[Category:Taxa named by Kenneth Carpenter]] |
||
[[Category:Paleontology in Wyoming]] |
|||
[[Category:Kimmeridgian genus first appearances]] |
|||
[[Category:Tithonian genus extinctions]] |
|||
Latest revision as of 15:08, 21 April 2024
| Tanycolagreus Temporal range: Late Jurassic,
| |
|---|---|
| |
| Tanycolagreus holotype, North American Museum of Ancient Life | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Clade: | Dinosauria |
| Clade: | Saurischia |
| Clade: | Theropoda |
| Superfamily: | †Tyrannosauroidea (?) |
| Genus: | †Tanycolagreus Carpenter et al., 2005 |
| Species: | †T. topwilsoni
|
| Binomial name | |
| †Tanycolagreus topwilsoni Carpenter et al., 2005
| |
Tanycolagreus is a genus of coelurosaurian theropod from the Late Jurassic of North America.
Discovery and naming[edit]
In 1995 Western Paleontological Laboratories, Inc. uncovered the partial skeleton of a small theropod at the Bone Cabin Quarry West locality, Albany County, Wyoming, from the Salt Wash Member of the Morrison Formation, dating to the Kimmeridgian-Tithonian. At first the find was considered to be a specimen of Coelurus[1] but subsequent study indicated it represented a species new to science, that in 2001 was announced to be named Tanycolagreus topwilsoni. It was actually named and described by Kenneth Carpenter, Clifford Miles and Karen Cloward in 2005. The etymology of the generic name Tanycolagreus, suggested by Ben Creisler, is based upon the greater length of its forelimbs and hindlimbs compared to Coelurus. It is derived from the Greek prefix τανυ~, tany~: 'long, stretched out', κῶλον, kolon: 'limb' and ἀγρεύς, agreus: 'hunter'. The specific name honors George Eugene "Top" Wilson, the father of a benefactor financially supporting the scientific research.[2]
The fossil, holotype TPII 2000-09-29, was donated to science by an anonymous benefactor. It is part of the collection of Thanksgiving Point Institute, Inc. and displayed in the North American Museum of Ancient Life at Lehi, Utah. It includes an incomplete skull and mandible (lower jaws) and much of the postcranial skeleton, i.e. the parts behind the head. The skull of Tanycolagreus is less well known than its postcranial anatomy, and only the following elements have been found: left nasal, left lacrimal, left premaxilla and one premaxillary tooth, left postorbital, left quadratojugal, incomplete left squamosal, right quadrate, right splenial, left articular, and two cheek teeth. A paratype has been assigned to the species: specimen AMNH 587 consisting of an incomplete hand also collected from Bone Cabin Quarry and originally in 1903 by Henry Fairfield Osborn referred to Ornitholestes hermanni.[3] Two other fossils have been referred to Tanycolagreus: UUVP 2999, a premaxilla, originally in 1974 referred to Stokesosaurus clevelandi,[4] from the Cleveland-Lloyd Quarry of Utah; and USNM 5737, a pair of distal pubes from Colorado earlier in 1920 by Charles Whitney Gilmore referred to Coelurus.[5] These specimens are from the later Brushy Basin Member.[2]
Tanycolagreus is present in stratigraphic zone 2 of the Morrison. Remains possibly referrable to Stokesosaurus have been recovered from stratigraphic zone 5 of the Morrison Formation.[6] A life restoration of Tanycolagreus is also on display at the North American Museum of Ancient Life, where it is portrayed as preying upon a small ornithischian dinosaur, Nanosaurus agilis.
Description[edit]
Carpenter et al. (2005, pp. 43–44) determined that the holotype of Tanycolagreus represents a subadult individual which measured approximately 3.3 meters (11 ft) long in life. However, one of the referred fossils, the premaxilla from the Cleveland-Lloyd Quarry, would have belonged to a larger individual, measuring 4 meters (13 ft) long. In 2010 Gregory S. Paul estimated the weight of a four-meter-long animal at 120 kilograms (260 lb).[7] It cannot be determined whether or not the Cleveland-Lloyd specimen represents a fully mature adult, so the upper size limit for the taxon remains unknown.
The head of Tanycolagreus is large, elongated and rectangular in profile due to a blunt snout. The leg is rather long and lightly built.[7]
Carpenter et al. (2005; pp. 27 & 29) diagnosed Tanycolagreus topwilsoni as follows: "Medium-sized tetanuran having short, deep-bodied premaxilla pierced by narial foramen at base of nasal process, orbital process on postorbital, T-shaped quadratojugal, centrodiapophyseal lamina on dorsals. Differs from Coelurus in the absence of pleurocoel on anterior dorsals; posterior caudal prezygapophyses elongated to one-third centrum length, rather than short; straight, rather than sigmoidal, humeral shaft; bowed, rather than straight, radius; flat-bottomed rather than arced pubic foot; straight rather than sigmoidal femoral shaft; metatarsal length subequal to humeral length, rather than 1.75 times humeral length. Differs from Ornitholestes in straight anterior margin of premaxilla, rather than rounded; T-shaped rather than L-shaped quadratojugal; elongate neural spine; posterior caudal prezygapophyses only one-third centrum length, rather than one-half centrum length; bowed, slender radius, rather than straight, robust radius".[2]
The single premaxillary tooth preserved with the holotype is badly damaged, but does exhibit the asymmetrical cross-section typical in theropod teeth; the cheek teeth are too poorly preserved to show any detail. In the foot the second toe is slightly hyperextendable but does not carry an enlarged claw.[2]
Classification[edit]
Carpenter e.a. originally assigned Tanycolagreus to the Coeluridae.[2] Carpenter et al. (2005, p. 44) state that, of the other known Morrison theropods, this genus most closely resembles Coelurus, though it retains more "primitive" features. A detailed phylogenetic analysis in 2007 by Philip Senter including Tanycolagreus showed it had a basal position in the Tyrannosauroidea.[8] Later analyses indicated a basal position in the Coelurosauria.[9]
References[edit]
- ^ Miles, C.A., Carpenter K. and Cloward, K.C., 1998, "A new skeleton of Coelurus fragilis from the Morrison Formation of Wyoming", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18(3): 64A
- ^ a b c d e Carpenter, K., Miles, C., and Cloward, K. (2005). "New small theropod from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Wyoming." in Carpenter, K. 2005. The Carnivorous Dinosaurs, Indiana University Press: 23-48
- ^ Osborn, Henry Fairfield, 1903, "Ornitholestes hermanni, a new compsognathoid dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic", Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 19(12): 459–464
- ^ Madsen, J., 1974, "A new theropod dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic of Utah", Journal of Paleontology, 48: 27-31
- ^ Gilmore, C.W., 1920, "Osteology of the carnivorous Dinosauria in the United States National Museum, with special reference to the genera Antrodemus (Allosaurus) and Ceratosaurus", Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 110: 1-154
- ^ Foster, J. (2007). "Appendix." Jurassic West: The Dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation and Their World. Indiana University Press. pp. 327-329
- ^ a b Paul, G.S., 2010, The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs, Princeton University Press p. 124
- ^ Senter, P. (2007). "A new look at the phylogeny of Coelurosauria (Dinosauria: Theropoda)", Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 5(4): 429-463
- ^ O.W.M. Rauhut, A.C. Milner, and S. Moore-Fay, 2010, "Cranial osteology and phylogenetic position of the theropod dinosaur Proceratosaurus bradleyi (Woodward, 1910) from the Middle Jurassic of England", Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 158(1): 155-195
.jpg){kind=small}
.jpg)
.png){kind=small}
.jpg){kind=small}
